Those who came recognizing the difficulty of these?

two opposing humours, were inclined to give satisfaction to?

the soldiers, caring little about injuring the people.

Hatred is acquired as much by good works as by bad ones, therefore,?

as I said before, a prince wishing to keep his state is very?

often forced to do evil; (？？)

A prince has only to be careful not to do any grave injury to those?

whom(荊軻) he employs or has around him in the service of the state.

------20：論要塞和其他因素的重要程度

1.Some princes, so as to hold securely the state, have?

disarmed繳械 their subjects; others have kept their subject?

towns distracted by factions; others have fostered培養(yǎng) enmities?

against themselves; others have laid themselves out to gain?

over those whom they distrusted in the beginning of their?

governments; some have built fortresses; some have?

overthrown and destroyed them.?

2.There never was a new prince who has disarmed his subjects.

By arming them, those arms become yours, those men who were?

distrusted become faithful, and those who were faithful are kept so,

p121武裝與繳械的合理方式

3. I do not believe that factions派系(內(nèi)hong) can?

ever be of use; rather it is certain that when the enemy comes?

upon you in divided cities you are quickly lost, because the?

★weakest party will always assist the outside forces and the?

other will not be able to resist.

-

such methods for enabling one?

the more easily to manage subjects are only useful in times?

of peace, but if war comes this policy proves fallacious.

4.a wise prince, when?

he has the opportunity, ought with craft技藝 to foster some?

animosity敵意 against himself, so that, having crushed it, his?

renown名望 may rise higher.

5.★★★Princes, especially new ones, have found more fidelity忠誠(chéng) and?

assistance in those men who in the beginning of their rule?

were distrusted than among those who in the beginning were trusted.?

★★★It is easier for the prince to make friends of those men?

who were contented under the former government, and are?

therefore his enemies, than of those who, being discontented

with it(former government), were favourable to有利于 him and?

encouraged him to seize it.

6.the prince who has more to fear from?

the people than from foreigners ought to build fortresses要塞,?

but he who has more to fear from foreigners than from the?

people ought to leave them alone.

★★★The best possible fortress is—not to be hated?

by the people, because, although you may hold the fortresses,?

yet they will not save you if the people hate you, for there?

will never be wanting foreigners to assist a people who have?

taken arms against you.

All these things considered then, I shall praise him who builds?

fortresses as well as him who does not, and I shall blame whoever,?

trusting in them, cares little about being hated by the people.

-----------21 君主獲得聲望的措施

a prince ought, above all things, always endeavour in every?

action to gain for himself the reputation of being a great and?

remarkable man.

A prince is also ★respected when he is either a true friend?

or a downright enemy, that is to say, when, without any reservation,?

he declares himself in favour of★支持 one party against the other;

which course will always be more advantageous than standing neutral;?

(because if two of your powerful neighbours come to blows, they are?

of such a character that, if one of them conquers, you have either to?

fear him or not. )

-

because, in the first case, if you do not declare yourself, you will?

invariably fall a prey掠奪 to the conqueror, to the pleasure and?

satisfaction of him who has been conquered, and you will?

have no reasons to offer, nor anything to protect or to shelter you.?

Because he who conquers does not want doubtful?

friends who will not aid him in the time of trial; and he who?

loses will not harbour庇護(hù) you because you did not willingly,?

sword in hand, court his fate.

★★★It will always happen that he who is not your friend will?

demand your neutrality, whilst he who is your friend will entreat乞求?

you to declare yourself with arms.?

-

And irresolute★無(wú)決斷的 princes, to avoid present?

dangers, generally follow the neutral path, and are generally ruined.

-

But when a prince declares himself gallantly勇敢大膽地 in?

favour of one side, if the party with whom he allies himself conquers,?

although the victor may be powerful and may?

have him at his mercy, yet he is indebted負(fù)債的/受惠的 to him, and there?

is established a bond of amity親善關(guān)系; and men are never so shameless?

as to become a monument of ingratitude忘恩負(fù)義的 by oppressing you.

-

if he with whom you ally yourself loses, you may be sheltered by?

him, and whilst he is able he may aid you, and you become?

companions on a fortune that may rise again.