原文標(biāo)題：
The invention of exercise
How London bus drivers changed the world
And led to the invention of exercise
運(yùn)動的發(fā)明
倫敦公交車司機(jī)如何改變世界
并由此發(fā)明了運(yùn)動

[Paragraph 1]

A NEW STUDY has found that smiling at London bus drivers—an act rarely attempted in the capital except under experimental conditions—increases their happiness.

一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對倫敦公交車司機(jī)微笑--除了在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下，否則很少有人在首都嘗試--會增加他們的幸福感。

The finding feels simultaneously obvious (of course it would) and faintly unexpected: London has been operating a control group in which passengers and drivers greet each other with surly indifference for decades; any affection feels anathema.

這項(xiàng)研究既顯而易見（當(dāng)然）又有些出乎意料：幾十年來，倫敦一直進(jìn)行著一項(xiàng)對照組實(shí)驗(yàn)，乘客和司機(jī)之間彼此冷漠地問候；任何親切的舉動都被視為可憎之事。

The authors of the research, which was conducted by the University of Sussex and others, hope it will lead to “more interaction and kindness on buses”.

該研究由蘇塞克斯大學(xué)和其他機(jī)構(gòu)合作進(jìn)行，研究人員希望這項(xiàng)研究能“讓公交車有更多的互動和善意”。

On the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical. Bus drivers, says Liz Hands, a passenger, are generally a “miserable” lot.

在前往漢普斯特德希思的 24 路公交車上，倫敦人對此持懷疑態(tài)度。乘客莉茲·漢茲表示，公交車司機(jī)基本都令人厭煩。

[Paragraph 2]

It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour.

一份關(guān)于倫敦公交車的研究報(bào)告似乎不太可能改變?nèi)藗兊男袨椤?br>

But it has happened before. For London’s buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science.

但這種事以前也發(fā)生過。因?yàn)閭惗毓卉囋卺t(yī)學(xué)史上的作用未得到充分重視。

In the 1940s, a single study of London’s transport workers transformed epidemiology, medicine and the way we live now.

在1940年代，一項(xiàng)針對倫敦交通工人的研究改變了流行病學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和我們現(xiàn)在的生活方式。

Every time you go on a run, check your stepcount, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are treading a path forged by the feet of the workers on London’s buses.
每當(dāng)你跑步、查看步數(shù)，或者走樓梯不乘電梯時(shí)，你都走在一條由倫敦公交司機(jī)雙腳開辟的道路上。

[Paragraph 3]

In the late 1940s, medics were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why.

在1940年代末，醫(yī)學(xué)界憂心忡忡。和許多發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，英國當(dāng)時(shí)正遭受心臟疾病類的“流行病”，而且原因無人知曉。

Various hypotheses, such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise.

人們提出了各種假說，例如壓力假說；但研究人員并沒有留意“運(yùn)動”這一因素。

The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University.

劍橋大學(xué)流行病學(xué)教授尼克·韋爾漢姆表示，那時(shí)候健康與運(yùn)動之間的關(guān)系“并不是我們今天所知道的公認(rèn)事實(shí)”。

Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”.

有些人甚至認(rèn)為“過多的體力活動對健康有害”。

Navvies, miners and farm labourers did physical exercise by the spade-load.

挖掘工、礦工和農(nóng)民都從事大量的體力勞動。

They also suffered disproportionately from various diseases, died young and featured in novels by D.H. Lawrence. It was a miserable existence.
他們很多人還患有各種疾病，壽命較短，在D.H.勞倫斯的小說中也有所體現(xiàn)。這是一種悲慘的生存狀態(tài)。

[Paragraph 4]

At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the excess deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation.

此時(shí)，一位名叫杰里·莫里斯的年輕醫(yī)生開始懷疑心臟病導(dǎo)致的過量死亡可能與職業(yè)有關(guān)。

He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers.

他開始研究3.1萬名倫敦交通工人的病歷。

His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower incidence of disease than drivers, who sat down all day.

他的發(fā)現(xiàn)令人震驚：那些在雙層巴士上跑上跑下的售票員，他們的患病率比整天坐著的司機(jī)低了 30%左右。

Exercise was keeping people alive. Morris looked at postal workers, and found a similar pattern: postmen (who typically sat).
運(yùn)動讓人活得更長。莫里斯還研究了郵政工人，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的現(xiàn)象：郵遞員（通常坐著）。

[Paragraph 5]

Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer.

莫里斯的研究最終于1953年發(fā)表，而僅在3年前，理查德·多爾證明了吸煙與肺癌之間的關(guān)系。

As any Londoner could tell you, you wait centuries for a paradigm-changing epidemiological study to turn up; then two come along at once.

正如任何倫敦人所知，你要等好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能看到一項(xiàng)顛覆性的流行病學(xué)研究，然而那時(shí)2個(gè)顛覆性研究幾乎同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。

Morris’s work had consequences both big and small. Morris (who had given up smoking when he read Doll’s study) now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter on Hampstead Heath and just running.

莫里斯的研究產(chǎn)生了大大小小的影響。莫里斯（讀到多爾的研究后就戒煙了）那時(shí)開始運(yùn)動了，他把夾克交給漢普斯特德西斯的女兒，自己則跑步。

“People thought I was bananas.” Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
“大家覺得我瘋了。” 漸漸地，全世界的人也開始脫掉夾克，加入他的跑步行列。

（恭喜讀完，本篇英語詞匯量542左右）
原文出自：2023年9月9日《The Economist》Britain版塊

精讀筆記來源于：自由英語之路

本文翻譯整理: Irene

本文編輯校對: Irene
僅供個(gè)人英語學(xué)習(xí)交流使用。

【補(bǔ)充資料】（來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)）
D.H. 勞倫斯（D.H. Lawrence）（1885年-1930年）是一位英國作家，也是20世紀(jì)最重要的文學(xué)人物之一。他的作品涵蓋了小說、詩歌、散文、戲劇和短篇小說等多個(gè)文學(xué)體裁。勞倫斯以他的大膽、直接的風(fēng)格和對性和情感的深入探索而聞名。代表作品有《兒子與情人》、《虹》、《戀愛中的女人》和《查泰萊夫人的情人》等，他的作品通常描繪了個(gè)人的情感體驗(yàn)、家庭關(guān)系和社會觀察。他對性愛、社會階級、工業(yè)化和城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系等主題的探索常常引發(fā)了爭議和批評。

本文的be bananas等于go bananas，是一個(gè)英語俚語，意思是“發(fā)瘋”或“失去控制”。它常常用于形容在某種情況下人們的行為變得瘋狂、激動或極度興奮。

【重點(diǎn)句子】（3個(gè)）
London has been operating a control group in which passengers and drivers greet each other with surly indifference for decades; any affection feels anathema.
幾十年來，倫敦一直進(jìn)行著一項(xiàng)對照組實(shí)驗(yàn)，乘客和司機(jī)之間彼此冷漠地問候；任何親切的舉動都被視為可憎之事。

It might seem improbable that a report on London’s buses could change behaviour.
一份關(guān)于倫敦公交車的研究報(bào)告似乎不太可能改變?nèi)藗兊男袨椤?br>
Every time you go on a run, check your stepcount, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are treading a path forged by the feet of the workers on London’s buses. ?每當(dāng)你跑步、查看步數(shù)，或者走樓梯不乘電梯時(shí)，你都走在一條由倫敦公交司機(jī)雙腳開辟的道路上。