TED演講者：Micaela Mantegna / 米凱拉·曼特納

演講標(biāo)題：How to stop the metaverse from becoming the internet's bad sequel / 如何阻止元宇宙成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)糟糕的續(xù)集

內(nèi)容概要："The metaverse is already on fire, and we haven't even built it yet," says TED Fellow and video game lawyer Micaela Mantegna. She lays out why the metaverse is at risk of inheriting some of the internet's worst traits, like unchecked surveillance -- and shows how we could redirect its fate through new laws grounded in kindness and connection.

“元宇宙已經(jīng)很火了，但是我們都還沒(méi)建設(shè)它。” TED 伙伴、電子游戲律師米凱拉·曼特納 （Micaela Mantegna）說(shuō)道。她解釋了為什么元宇宙可能會(huì)沿襲互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的缺陷，例如無(wú)人監(jiān)管，并向我們展示了如何利用充滿(mǎn)善意和聯(lián)結(jié)的新法律讓元宇宙走上正確的道路。

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【1】I hope you like memes, or the next few minutes will get very awkward.

但愿你喜歡表情包, 不然接下來(lái)的幾分鐘會(huì)比較尷尬。

【2】(Laughter) Memes are our internet's lingua franca.

（笑聲） 表情包是我們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通用語(yǔ)。

【3】So as a video game scholar, but also a geek, I will borrow them to talk about something you might probably have heard about.

我作為一個(gè)電子游戲?qū)W者, 也是一個(gè)極客, 就借表情包來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō) 你可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的一個(gè)東西。

【4】The metaverse.

元宇宙。

【5】Dam-dam-dam-dam.

鏘鏘鏘。

【6】(Laughter) I'm sorry, I don't have the license for that sound.

（笑聲） 不好意思, 我沒(méi)買(mǎi)這個(gè)音效的版權(quán)。

【7】I know, I know.

我懂的,我懂的。

【8】Sci-fi fans will be leaving comments on this video: “The metaverse is not a new idea.” In fact, as a TED premiere,

科幻粉絲會(huì)在這個(gè)視頻底下評(píng)論: “元宇宙有什么新的?！?我要在 TED 上首次展示

【9】I want to showcase my research on 30 years of the metaverse, from its inception to its current trajectory.

我所做的關(guān)于 “元宇宙的 30 年”的研究, 從它的起點(diǎn) 到它如今的軌跡。

【10】(Laughter)

（笑聲）

【11】(Applause) That's right, the metaverse is already on fire, and we even have not built it yet.

（掌聲） 沒(méi)錯(cuò),那時(shí)候元宇宙 已經(jīng)火得不得了了, 但是我們甚至都還沒(méi)創(chuàng)造元宇宙呢。

【12】That's efficiency.

很高效吧。

【13】How can this happen?

怎么回事呢？

【14】Think of the metaverse as a Frankenstein made of different parts of current internet and digital technologies.

我們可以把元宇宙想象成 科學(xué)怪人弗蘭肯斯坦, 由如今的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和 各種數(shù)字科技拼湊而成。

【15】Now with 3D visuals and touch.

我們現(xiàn)在又有了 3D 視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)效果。

【16】Between our physical reality and virtual reality, there are different layers of mixed and augmented reality, where physical and digital objects blend.

在我們的物理現(xiàn)實(shí)和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)之間, 有很多層混合現(xiàn)實(shí)和增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí), 實(shí)體和數(shù)字物體在此交匯。

【17】The metaverse will be somewhere across this spectrum that I call "the reality gradient."

元宇宙覆蓋了 我稱(chēng)之為“現(xiàn)實(shí)梯度”的整個(gè)范圍。

【18】But we shouldn't let the 3D smoke and mirrors distract us from the fact that the metaverse is the internet, and as such, it will inherit the worst traits of its current business models.

但是我們不應(yīng)該被 這 3D 的鏡花水月 混淆了視聽(tīng),讓我們忽視了 元宇宙是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的事實(shí), 正因如此, 元宇宙會(huì)沿襲許多 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)現(xiàn)有商業(yè)模式的缺陷。

【19】With premium access to our bodies, VR headsets and sensors can extract huge amounts of involuntary data that we can't control, like heartbeats or blinks.

VR 頭顯和傳感器 會(huì)直接掌握著我們的身體狀況, 可以收集到大量 我們無(wú)法控制的非自愿數(shù)據(jù),

【20】This will get even worse with neurotechnology, allowing to read and modify our brains creating a capitalism of cognitive surveillance.

搭配上神經(jīng)技術(shù)就更嚴(yán)重了, 可以直接讀取、修改我們的大腦, 形成了認(rèn)知監(jiān)控的資本主義。

【21】We certainly don’t want the metaverse to become the bad sequel to the internet.

我們當(dāng)然不希望元宇宙 給互聯(lián)網(wǎng)狗尾續(xù)貂。

【22】So how do we fix it even before we build it?

那在我們建設(shè)它之前 該怎么避免這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢？

【23】By avoiding repeating past internet mistakes.

不要重蹈互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的覆轍。

【24】Understanding why we're building it, who can seize control of it and what makes it different.

要理解我們?yōu)槭裁匆獎(jiǎng)?chuàng)造它, 誰(shuí)掌控它, 以及它有何特別之處。

【25】Huge questions and little time.

問(wèn)題很多,時(shí)間很少。

【26】So let's focus on one key ingredient for metaverse success: connection.

我們來(lái)看元宇宙成功的 一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素: 聯(lián)結(jié)。

【27】As a scholar, connection means that the metaverse needs an architecture linking all the metaverses together in a way that we can travel across them.

作為一個(gè)學(xué)者, 我認(rèn)為聯(lián)結(jié)指的是元宇宙需要一個(gè) 聯(lián)結(jié)所有元宇宙的架構(gòu), 讓我們可以在不同的元宇宙間穿梭。

【28】Seems easy because jumping websites is already an internet feature.

看似簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)樘D(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)頁(yè) 早已是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一個(gè)功能。

【29】But that is because we don't carry our digital belongings with us.

但是我們不會(huì)帶著我們的 數(shù)字資產(chǎn)一起跳轉(zhuǎn)。

【30】You can't take your Instagram likes to TikTok or your Roblox avatar to Fortnite.

你不能把你 Instagram 上的贊 帶去抖音, 或者把你羅布樂(lè)思（Roblox）上的虛擬形象 帶去堡壘之夜（Fortnite）。

【31】To achieve that, we need content portability, which is a very difficult engineering task, one that requires an object to function and look consistently across different software environments.

如果要這么做的話, 我們需要內(nèi)容可遷移性, 設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)會(huì)比較困難, 需要內(nèi)容在不同的軟件環(huán)境下 運(yùn)作和顯示一致。

【32】But guess what?

但是你知道嗎？

【33】It's also a lawyering problem because you need a complex structure of contracts to legally copy a digital object.

這也是個(gè)法律問(wèn)題, 因?yàn)槿绻阋戏ǖ貜?fù)制一個(gè)物體, 你需要一個(gè)復(fù)雜的合同結(jié)構(gòu)。

【34】Just between ourselves, let me tell you a little intellectual property secret.

我來(lái)悄悄告訴你一個(gè) 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的小秘密, 不要告訴別人。

【35】Our digital goods are treated differently from their tangible counterparts.

我們的數(shù)字財(cái)產(chǎn)與它們對(duì)應(yīng)的 實(shí)體財(cái)產(chǎn)處理方式不同。

【36】Instead of ownership, we have a license to use them, craftily limited by terms of service.

我們沒(méi)有所有權(quán), 但是有使用權(quán), 由精心設(shè)計(jì)的使用條款約束著。

【37】In the physical world, something called “copyright exhaustion” allows us to resell our goods.

在物理世界中, 有一種 “版權(quán)窮竭” 制度 讓我們可以轉(zhuǎn)售資產(chǎn)。

【38】But courts don't agree if that applies to digital content.

但是法院不允許將其 應(yīng)用于數(shù)字內(nèi)容。

【39】And without this digital exhaustion rule, exiting one metaverse will be like going through very strict customs, one that will confiscate all your possessions if you want to get through.

如果沒(méi)有針對(duì)數(shù)字內(nèi)容的 版權(quán)窮竭規(guī)定的話, 退出一個(gè)元宇宙就會(huì)像是 走過(guò)非常嚴(yán)格的海關(guān), 如果你要通行, 就得沒(méi)收你所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

【40】So connection in the metaverse means interoperability.

元宇宙中的聯(lián)結(jié)代表著互用性。

【41】A coherent system of legal and technical standards for true decentralization.

一個(gè)有著一致 法律和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系統(tǒng), 實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的去中心化。

【42】NFTs and blockchain can provide the technical tools, but they will never work without the legal counterpart.

NFT 和區(qū)塊鏈可以 提供技術(shù)上的工具, 但是如果沒(méi)有法律的保駕護(hù)航的話, 這是無(wú)法正常運(yùn)作的。

【43】As an activist, connection means that the metaverse is the people.

作為一個(gè)活動(dòng)家, 我認(rèn)為聯(lián)結(jié)意味著 元宇宙在于人民。

【44】The communities that will breathe life and populate these worlds.

為這些世界注入生機(jī)活力的人群。

【45】Without humanity, the metaverse will be just a 3D ghost town.

沒(méi)有人類(lèi),元宇宙就只是 一個(gè)三維鬼城。

【46】But not everyone will be there because we are not born equal into the metaverse.

然而,不是每個(gè)人 都能進(jìn)入元宇宙, 因?yàn)槲覀儾痪邆?進(jìn)入元宇宙的平等條件。

【47】We are promised boundless worlds, but in fact, we will be as free as we can afford to pay.

雖說(shuō)我們面前是無(wú)限的世界, 但是實(shí)際上,我們的自由度 是由我們的財(cái)富決定的。

【48】We need to find ways to create an inclusive metaverse, one that keeps the best things of humanity online: kindness, creativity, cat memes.

我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造 一個(gè)兼容并包的元宇宙, 在線上展現(xiàn)人類(lèi)美好的一面: 善意、創(chuàng)意、貓貓表情包。

【49】This is not wishful thinking.

這并不是癡人說(shuō)夢(mèng)。

【50】Kindness is a power house.

善意是能量的來(lái)源。

【51】There are initiatives like Leyline creating a blockchain proof of good deeds or charity marathons like Games Done Quick.

有像 Leyline 這樣的項(xiàng)目 將慈善行為記錄在區(qū)塊鏈上, 或者像 Games Done Quick 這樣的慈善馬拉松。

【52】A game about sending anonymous letter to strangers might seem like a recipe for disaster, but against all odds, over one million letters full of kindness were shared.

給陌生人寄匿名信的游戲 聽(tīng)起來(lái)會(huì)是一團(tuán)亂麻, 但是歷經(jīng)萬(wàn)難, 超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)封充滿(mǎn)善意的信件 傳遞了起來(lái)。

【53】People want to do good.

大家都想做好事。

【54】And now we have the technical means to escalate it to unprecedented levels.

我們現(xiàn)在有了把它推向 更大舞臺(tái)的技術(shù)手段。

【55】The metaverse may still be a work in progress, but that means we still have room and a chance to influence what it will become... open, accessible and inclusive.

元宇宙可能還在建設(shè)中, 但是這意味著 我們還有改變?cè)钪嫖磥?lái)的 空間和機(jī)會(huì),讓它變得開(kāi)放、 觸手可及、兼容并包。

【56】It's not every day that humanity has the chance to create a new reality.

人類(lèi)不常有創(chuàng)造新世界的機(jī)會(huì)。

【57】So my invitation to you: let's make it a good one.

所以,我要邀請(qǐng)你一起 把它建設(shè)得更美好。

【58】Thank you, read you in the comments.

謝謝,評(píng)論見(jiàn)。

【59】(Applause)