地球正在升溫，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象在人口密集的城市尤其明顯。城市中的混凝土建筑和道路會(huì)吸收并鎖住熱量；同時(shí)，雖然人們家中安裝的空調(diào)可以讓室內(nèi)變得涼爽，但這增加了二氧化碳的排放量。本文介紹為保持城市生活舒適度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的可持續(xù)創(chuàng)新降溫方法。

詞匯：climate 氣候

We're all familiar with the idea of climate change and how our planet is warming.?

Extremes

?in temperature have become more commonplace, making parts of the world difficult to live in. But one place where?

excessive heat

?is making life very uncomfortable is our cities. Luckily,?

innovation

?might be?

keeping a lid on it

. 我們都熟悉氣候變化的概念以及我們的星球是如何變暖的。極端溫度變得越來(lái)越普遍，使得世界上的一些地方難以生存。但是有一個(gè)地方，過(guò)熱讓我們的生活非常不舒服，那就是我們的城市。幸運(yùn)的是，創(chuàng)新可能會(huì)控制住它。 As?

thermometers

?record temperatures, sometimes above 50 degrees Celsius, solutions are being sought to cool the air in our cities. In India, for example,?

heatwaves

?and rapid?

urbanisation

?have led to a big rise in the use of?

air-conditioning units

, adding to CO2 emissions. So, architects, looking for a?

sustainable

?cooling solution, are reviving an ancient 'lattice' design, used in old buildings like the Taj Mahal, to construct comfortable,?

low-carbon

?buildings. Yatin Pandya told the BBC: "Traditional architectural forms have proven their performance in?

combatting

?environmental conditions." 隨著溫度計(jì)記錄的溫度有時(shí)超過(guò)50攝氏度，人們正在尋求冷卻城市空氣的解決方案。例如，在印度，熱浪和快速城市化導(dǎo)致空調(diào)設(shè)備使用量大幅增加，增加了二氧化碳排放量。因此，尋找可持續(xù)冷卻解決方案的建筑師們正在復(fù)興一種古老的“格子”設(shè)計(jì)，這種設(shè)計(jì)曾用于泰姬陵等老建筑，以建造舒適、低碳的建筑。Yatin Pandya告訴BBC:“傳統(tǒng)的建筑形式已經(jīng)證明了它們?cè)趯?duì)抗環(huán)境條件方面的表現(xiàn)。” In America, about 80% of the population lives in cities, and it's these cities that suffer from an?

urban heat island effect

, caused by factors such as?

trapped waste heat

, concrete structures and pavements absorbing the sun and tall buildings blocking the wind. Residents and developers have tried to?

heatproof

?these places by planting large trees that offer?

shade

?and putting plants and gardens on top of roofs that use?

vegetation

?to help trap heat. And in Los Angeles, there's an experiment to cover streets with light-coloured material that?

reflects

?rather than absorbs the sun and so they remain cooler than typical black roads. 在美國(guó)，大約80%的人口居住在城市，正是這些城市受到城市熱島效應(yīng)的影響，造成這種影響的因素包括被困的廢熱、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)和路面吸收陽(yáng)光以及高層建筑阻擋風(fēng)。居民和開(kāi)發(fā)商試圖通過(guò)種植大樹(shù)來(lái)提供遮陽(yáng)，在屋頂上種植植物和花園來(lái)幫助吸收熱量，從而使這些地方隔熱。在洛杉磯，有一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是用淺色材料覆蓋街道，這種材料反射而不是吸收陽(yáng)光，因此它們比典型的黑色道路更涼爽。 But it's satellites in space that are really giving us the best picture of our?

over-heated

?cities. Glynn Hulley, who is leading an image-capturing project, called the Land Surface Temperature Monitoring mission, told the BBC: "The data can be used to identify?

hotspots

, vulnerable regions, and assess the?

cooling

?impacts of heat?

mitigation

?approaches." It's already found how?

green

?

spaces

, white roads and?

water

?

features

, have helped prevent our cities from?

boiling

?

over

. But with excessive heat still posing a threat to our lives, more solutions are still needed. 但只有太空中的衛(wèi)星才能真正給我們提供過(guò)熱城市的最佳圖景。Glynn Hulley正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)名為“地表溫度監(jiān)測(cè)任務(wù)”的圖像捕捉項(xiàng)目，他告訴BBC:“這些數(shù)據(jù)可以用來(lái)識(shí)別熱點(diǎn)和脆弱地區(qū)，并評(píng)估減熱方法的冷卻效果。”它已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了綠色空間、白色道路和水景是如何幫助防止我們的城市沸騰的。但是，由于過(guò)熱仍然對(duì)我們的生命構(gòu)成威脅，我們?nèi)匀恍枰嗟慕鉀Q方案。 詞匯表 extreme 極端 excessive heat 過(guò)熱，極度高溫 innovation 創(chuàng)新 keep a lid on (something) 防止（情況）失控 thermometer 溫度計(jì) heatwave 熱浪，酷熱期 urbanisation 城市化 air-conditioning unit 空調(diào) sustainable 可持續(xù)的，長(zhǎng)期有效的 low-carbon 低碳的 combat 抵御，對(duì)抗 urban heat island effect 城市熱島效應(yīng) trapped waste heat 散發(fā)不出去的廢熱 heatproof 使…隔熱 shade 陰涼處 vegetation 植物，植被 reflect 反射 over-heated 過(guò)熱的，氣溫過(guò)高的 hotspot 高溫地區(qū)，熱點(diǎn) cooling 降溫，冷卻 mitigation 緩解 green spaces 綠地，綠色空間 water features 人工水景 boiling over （變得）過(guò)熱 測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1. 閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1. What has led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units in India? 2. What absorbs the sun and contributes towards making cities hotter?? 3. Why do roads in Los Angeles covered with light-coloured material help reduce heat in the cities? 4. True or false??

Green spaces can help mitigate the effects of heat in our cities.

5. How often have extremes in temperature been experienced recently?

2. 選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來(lái)完成下列句子。

1. According to the _______, the water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, so it's perfect for a swim. heatwave????????urbanisation???????thermometer???????boiling 2. My car has _______, so I need to be towed to a garage to get it fixed. over-heated??????over-heats?????????over-heating???????heated over 3. Scientists are trying to develop a more?_______ way of travelling by aeroplane. innovation???????mitigation?????????sustainable????????combatting 4. Weather forecasters are predicting a?_______ this weekend. I'm heading for the beach! extremes????????heatproof?????????heatwave?????????hotspots 5. The government is taking action to try and?_______ inflation. keeps a lid on????keeping a lid on?????kept a lid on???????keep a lid on 答案

1. 閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1. What has led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units in India?

Heatwaves and rapid urbanisation have led to a big rise in the use of air-conditioning units in India.

2. What absorbs the sun and contributes towards making cities hotter?

Concrete buildings and pavements absorb the sun and help to make the air in?cities hotter.

3. Why do roads in Los Angeles covered with light-coloured material help reduce heat in the cities?

Because roads in Los Angeles covered with light-coloured material reflect the?heat from the sun.

? 4. True or false??

Green spaces can help mitigate the effects of heat in our cities.?

True. Green spaces have shown to help stop cities from overheating.

5. How often have extremes in temperature been experienced recently?

Extremes in temperature have become more commonplace.

2. 選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來(lái)完成下列句子。

1. According to the?

thermometer

, the water temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, so it's perfect for a swim. 2. My car has?

over-heated

, so I need to be towed to a garage to get it fixed. 3. Scientists are trying to develop a more?

sustainable

?way of travelling by aeroplane.? 4. Weather forecasters are predicting a?

heatwave

?this weekend. I'm heading for the beach! 5. The government is taking action to try and?

keep a lid on

?inflation. 文章來(lái)源BBC侵權(quán)刪