正文翻譯

There is an association between Toxoplasma infection and glioma risk. The report found that people with gliomas were more likely to detect antibodies to Toxoplasma than people without such cancers.
Although glioma is a relatively rare disease, it is a highly lethal cancer. In 2018, there were an estimated 300,000 cases of brain and other cancers of the nervous system worldwide, with 241,000 deaths. Most malignant brain tumors are gliomas (80%).

弓形蟲感染與神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤風(fēng)險之間存在聯(lián)系。報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，患有神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤的人群比未患此類癌癥的人群更容易檢測出弓形蟲抗體。
雖然膠質(zhì)瘤是一種相對罕見的疾病，但它是一種高度致命的癌癥。2018年，全球估計有30萬例腦癌和其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癌癥病例，24.1萬例死亡。大多數(shù)惡性腦腫瘤是神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤（80%）.

When should I be concerned about toxoplasmosis?
Generally, if you were infected with Toxoplasma before becoming pregnant your unborn child is protected by your immunity. Some experts suggest waiting for 6 months after a recent infection to become pregnant.
How do I know if I have been infected with Toxoplasma?
Your health care provider may suggest one or more varieties of blood tests to check for antibodies to Toxoplasma.

什么時候應(yīng)該擔(dān)心弓形蟲病?
一般來說，如果你在懷孕前感染了弓形蟲，你未出生的孩子會受到你的免疫系統(tǒng)的保護。所以一些專家建議如果感染弓形蟲病，等6個月再懷孕。
如何知道我是否感染了弓形蟲病?
一種或多種血液檢測，可以檢查弓形蟲抗體。

You should also:
Cook food to safe temperatures. A food thermometer should be used to measure the internal temperature of cooked meat. Color is not a reliable indicator that meat has been cooked to a temperature high enough to kill harmful pathogens like Toxoplasma. Do not sample meat until it is cooked. USDA recommends the following for meat preparation:

你還應(yīng)該:
把食物煮到安全的溫度。應(yīng)使用食物溫度計測量熟肉的內(nèi)部溫度。顏色不是一個可靠的指標(biāo)判斷肉已經(jīng)煮到足夠熟，有害的病原體如弓形蟲已經(jīng)被殺死。肉未煮熟前不要試吃。美國農(nóng)業(yè)部對肉類加工建議如下:

For Whole Cuts of Meat (excluding poultry)
Cook to at least 145° F (63° C) as measured with a food thermometer placed in the thickest part of the meat, then allow the meat to rest for three minutes before carving or consuming. *According to USDA, “A ‘rest time’ is the amount of time the product remains at the final temperature, after it has been removed from a grill, oven, or other heat source. During the three minutes after meat is removed from the heat source, its temperature remains constant , which destroys pathogens.”
For Ground Meat (excluding poultry)
Cook to at least 160° F (71° C); ground meats do not require a rest time.
For All Poultry (whole cuts and ground)
Cook to at least 165° F (74° C). The internal temperature should be checked in the innermost part of the thigh, innermost part of the wing, and the thickest part of the breast. Poultry do not require a rest time.

把食物溫度計放置在肉的最厚的部分，整塊肉類(家禽肉除外)至少烹飪到145°F(63°C)，然后把煮熟的肉放置三分鐘，再切或進(jìn)食。根據(jù)美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的說法，‘放置時間’是指肉從烤架、烤箱或其他熱源取出后，保持溫度的時間。在肉從熱源中取出后的三分鐘內(nèi)，它的溫度仍將基本保持不變，這就殺死了病原體?！?br>碎肉(家禽除外)烹飪到至少160°F(71°C);碎肉不需要放置時間。
所有家禽(整塊及碎肉)烹飪溫度至少在165°F(74°C).內(nèi)部溫度應(yīng)以大腿肉最內(nèi)側(cè)，翅膀最內(nèi)側(cè)和胸部最厚的部分為準(zhǔn)。禽肉不需要放置時間。

Freeze meat for several days at sub-zero (below 0° F) temperatures before cooking to greatly reduce chance of infection. *Freezing does not reliably kill other parasites that may be found in meat (like certain species of Trichinella) or harmful bacteria. Cooking meat to USDA recommended internal temperatures is the safest method to destroy all parasites and other pathogens.
Peel or wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
Wash cutting boards, dishes, counters, utensils, and hands with soapy water after contact with raw meat, poultry, seafood, or unwashed fruits or vegetables.
Avoid drinking untreated water.
Do not drink unpasteurized goat’s milk.
Do not eat raw or undercooked oysters, mussels, or clams (these may be contaminated with Toxoplasma that has washed into seawater).0
Should a woman breastfeed her infant if she had contracted a Toxoplasma infection during her pregnancy?
Yes. Among healthy women, the possibility of breast milk transmission of Toxoplasma infection is not likely. While Toxoplasma infection has been associated with infants who consumed unpasteurized goat’s milk, there are no studies documenting breast milk transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in humans. In the event that a nursing woman experiences cracked and bleeding nipples or breast inflammation within several weeks immediately following an acute Toxoplasma infection (when the organism is still circulating in her bloodstream), it is theoretically possible that she could transmit Toxoplasma gondii to the infant through her breast milk. Immune suppressed women could have circulating Toxoplasma for even longer periods of time. However, the likelihood of human milk transmission is very small.

在烹飪之前，將肉在零下溫度冷凍幾天，可以大大減少感染的機會。冷凍并不能殺死其他可能存在于肉類中的寄生蟲(如某些種類的旋毛蟲)或有害細(xì)菌。按照美國農(nóng)業(yè)部建議的內(nèi)部溫度烹飪?nèi)忸愂窍麥缢屑纳x和其他病原體的最安全的方法。
吃水果和蔬菜前要徹底削皮或清洗。
接觸生肉、家禽、海鮮或未清洗的水果或蔬菜后，用肥皂水清洗砧板、盤子、柜臺、器皿和手。
避免飲用未經(jīng)處理的水。
不要飲用未經(jīng)高溫消毒的羊奶。
不要生吃或未煮熟的牡蠣、貽貝或蛤蜊(這些可能被沖進(jìn)海水的弓形蟲污染)。
如果一個婦女在懷孕期間感染了弓形蟲，她應(yīng)該母乳喂養(yǎng)她的嬰兒嗎?
是的。在健康婦女中，通過母乳傳播弓形蟲的可能性不大。雖然弓形蟲感染與嬰兒食用未經(jīng)巴氏消毒的羊奶有關(guān)，但沒有研究記錄顯示弓形蟲通過人體母乳傳播。如果一名哺乳婦女在急性弓形蟲感染后的幾周內(nèi)發(fā)生乳頭出血或乳房炎癥(當(dāng)弓形蟲仍在她的血液中循環(huán)時)，從理論上講，她可能通過她的母乳將弓形蟲傳染給嬰兒。弓形蟲在免疫力差的婦女體內(nèi)循環(huán)更長的時間。然而，母乳傳播的可能性很小。

評論翻譯

GalacticWolf87
So that’s more for indoor/outdoor cats. If you have a completely indoor cat this shouldn’t be a problem.

所以如果你養(yǎng)了一只完全宅在家里的貓，應(yīng)該不成問題。

Darth_Kahuna
It's not saying cats are the sole vector of transmission.

貓并不是唯一的傳播媒介。

nim_opet
Upcoming headlines: “cats cause brain cancer”.

接下來的頭條新聞是:“貓會導(dǎo)致腦癌”。

shadowcat20
So wash your hands? Does that stop it or what? I’m genuinely curious.

所以洗手就能阻止感染弓形蟲嗎?我真的很好奇。

Why Cats Are Not the Enemy
Don’t get me wrong: Pregnant women should be careful, but my aim is to put the role played by cats into proportion. From the following, you can see that the risk posed by cats is low.
Raw Meat
Cats become infected through eating vermin or raw meat infected with Toxo. This means outdoor hunting cats or those fed a raw meat diet are most at risk. If you have an indoor cat who eats canned food or kibble, chances are, he’s clear.
Short Period of Infection
A cat is infectious for only around 14 days. After this, the immune system fights off the Toxo.

為什么貓不是敵人
不要誤會我的意思:懷孕的女性應(yīng)該小心，但我想說貓并不等于百分百攜帶弓形蟲。貓帶來的弓形蟲感染風(fēng)險很低。
貓一般通過食用感染弓形蟲的昆蟲或生肉而感染。這意味著戶外獵食的野貓或以生肉為食的貓面臨的風(fēng)險最大。如果你養(yǎng)了一只吃罐裝貓糧或狗糧的室內(nèi)貓，很有可能，它是很安全的。
貓感染弓形蟲后，傳染期只有14天左右。在此之后，貓的免疫系統(tǒng)會打敗弓形蟲。

During that 14-day window, the cat may pass poop containing Toxo, but — and it’s a big but — these Toxo particles take at least 24 hours to become infectious. Thus, scooping every day means that whatever is in the tray is safe.
Fur Is Not Infectious
It’s not possible to pick up Toxo by petting a cat. Yes, always wash your hands before eating, but that’s just good hygiene.
To pick up infection from your cat requires the following perfect storm:
You have not already been infected (and therefore have no immunity).
Your cat is a hunter or fed infected raw meat.
You handle cat poop during the 14-day window when the cat is infectious.
That cat poop has been in the tray for more than 24 hours.
You then eat without washing your hands.

在這14天的窗口期，貓可能會排泄含有弓形蟲的糞便，但是——這是一個很大的“但是”——這些弓形蟲至少需要24小時才能具有傳染性。因此，每天勤換（一次性）貓砂盒就可以保障安全。
撫摸貓是不可能染上弓形蟲的。但吃飯前一定要洗手，這是良好的衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。
從你的貓那里感染弓形蟲需要以下完美步驟:
您從未感染過弓形蟲病(你對弓形蟲沒有免疫力)。
你的貓要么在野外覓食要么是被喂了受感染的生肉
在貓具有傳染性的14天窗口期，你親手處理貓屎。
貓屎已經(jīng)在貓砂盒里放了24小時。
然后你不洗手就吃東西。

Darth_Kahuna
Interesting thread the same parasite that increases brain cancer in humans causes rats become sexually aroused by the odor of cats increasing the likelihood they'll be consumed and allow t. Gondii to complete its reproductive cycle. Curious if those who like cats as pets have a higher likelihood of prior infection to this parasite?

有趣的是，貓的氣味對被弓形蟲感染的老鼠產(chǎn)生了性吸引力，增加了它們被吃掉的可能性，并幫助弓形蟲在貓體內(nèi)完成其繁殖周期。好奇那些喜歡貓作為寵物的人是否有更高的感染幾率?

GoGoadie
Did anyone else have toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and decide to go through with the pregnancy? The medicine is making me so sick every day but I am fighting for this little one. Praying for the best but feeling very scared.

有沒有人在懷孕期間感染了弓形體病并決定繼續(xù)懷孕?醫(yī)生開的藥讓我每天都很難受，但我在為這個小家伙堅持。祈禱一切都好，但我心里很害怕。

raccoonrn
My MIL had toxoplasmosis when she was pregnant with my husband. He ended up being born premature and was only and 3 and a half pounds but he had no major health issues growing up!

我的婆婆懷我丈夫的時候得了弓形體病。他是早產(chǎn)兒，只有3.5磅重，但他在成長過程中并沒有什么大的健康問題。

fuelter
It has been estimated that 500–5000 infants each year are born with congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States [2]. Although the majority of infants appear to be healthy at birth, significant long-term sequelae may become obvious only months or years later.
Most pregnant women with acute acquired infection do not experience obvious symptoms or signs [1, 9]. A minority may experience malaise, low-grade fever, and lymphadenopathy. Rarely, pregnant women will present with visual changes due to toxoplasmic chorioretinitis [10] as a result of recently acquired infection or reactivation of a chronic infection. In severely immunocompromised, chronically infected pregnant women (e.g., patients with AIDS and those receiving high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, including organ transplant recipients, patients with malignancies, and patients with connective tissue disorders), reactivation of latent T. gondii infection resulted in congenital transmission of the parasite to the fetus

據(jù)估計，在美國，每年有500-5000名嬰兒出生時患有先天性弓形蟲病。雖然大多數(shù)嬰兒在出生時看起來是健康的，但嚴(yán)重的長期后遺癥可能在幾個月或幾年后才變得明顯。
大多數(shù)感染的孕婦沒有明顯的癥狀或體征。少數(shù)可能會有不適、低燒和淋巴結(jié)病。極少數(shù)情況下，孕婦會出現(xiàn)視力變化。在免疫功能嚴(yán)重低下、慢性感染的孕婦中(如艾滋病患者，接受大劑量免疫治療的患者，器官移植患者、惡性腫瘤患者和結(jié)締組織疾病患者)，其體內(nèi)潛伏的弓形蟲會重新激活會導(dǎo)致弓形蟲傳播給胎兒。

Borntobop
I tested positive for toxoplasmosis early in my preganancy, too. (Currently 9W, tested positive at 6W). Test was positive, low avidity, So far my husband and I have decided to take it one step at a time - take the medicine, monitor through ultrasounds and then amnio at 18w - and make a potentially difficult desicion if we need to. My best wishes are with you, I feel how scared you are. I am scared, too.
Here in the US it’s really rare to be tested. My OB told me today that the reason they run the test is because so many of their patients are from Europe, where this parasite infection is really common. Like you, I also don’t have a cat. Sigh, was assuming I’d have a boring and uneventful pregnancy

我剛懷孕那會，弓形蟲病檢測也呈陽性。(目前數(shù)值為為9W, 測試時是6W呈陽性)。抗體親和力低。我和丈夫決定一步一步來，吃藥，用超聲波檢查胎兒，然后在數(shù)值達(dá)到18w的時候做羊膜穿刺檢測——如果需要的話，我們可能要做出一個很困難的決定。我的祝福和你同在，我能感覺到你有多害怕。我也很害怕。
在美國，這種病很少見。我的婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生今天告訴我，他們之所以做這個測試是因為他們的很多病人來自歐洲，在那里弓形蟲感染非常普遍。我也沒養(yǎng)貓。唉，我還以為我會有個無聊又平淡的懷孕經(jīng)歷呢。

baywatchsouthafrica
Wow we have very similar situations!!! I feel for you so much. We can get through this my partner and I are also going to wait until the amniocentesis although we were told ours would be around week 15 or 16. I’m currently only 6 weeks pregnant also my first pregnancy. What medicine are you taking if you don’t mind me asking? I am taking 6 tablets of spiramycin every day. Next blood test in a few days to see if the infection is gone from my own system and if that’s the case apparently it’s up to me if I want to continue with the medicine or not. So many decisions to make;

哇，我們的情況非常相似!!我很同情你。我們可以渡過這一關(guān)，我和我的伴侶也打算等到羊膜穿刺檢測，盡管我們被告知我們的手術(shù)將安排在15或16周左右。我現(xiàn)在才懷孕6周，也是第一次懷孕。如果你不介意的話，我想問你在吃什么藥?我每天吃6片螺旋霉素。過幾天再做一次血檢看看感染是否從我自己的身體消失了，如果是這樣的話，顯然我得決定要不要繼續(xù)服藥。

Borntobop
You are in such a great position for this, I’m so happy to hear for you that you’re already on spiramycin! I think that you and your baby are going to be fine I’m truly hoping for the best for you
So it sounds like care in your country for this is much better. I only just received my tests back for toxo last Friday - almost 3 weeks after they drew my blood. There’s only one lab in all of the US that does these tests I’m talking to a high-risk doctor today about the treatment, but I’m already set on taking spiramicin throughout pregnancy. I’m hoping to get this medicine ASAP. It’s not even approved for use in the US, so we have to have our doctor ask for a request for use from the FDA (our government agency that regulates drug use). My husband is panicked that I won’t get it soon enough, and is already talking about flying to Mexico to get it, where it’s legal and available.
I’m sure you, like me, did an insane amount of research and reading once you learned that you tested positive. One study that really helped me was written by the lab that did my tests - they seem to really care about this, and are trying to make a case that toxo is more common in the US than it’s thought to be. Which I agree with.
I personally, based off of this study, will be taking the medicine all throughout, to reduce risk of possible transmission through the placenta later on.

你現(xiàn)在的處境很好，我很高興聽到你已經(jīng)在用螺旋霉素了!我想你和你的孩子都會沒事的，我真心希望你一切都好
聽起來你們國家對這方面的護理要好得多。我上周五才收到我的弓形蟲測試結(jié)果——差不多在他們抽血三周后，全美只有一家做弓形蟲病檢測的檢測中心。我今天跟一個醫(yī)生談了治療的事，我已經(jīng)決定在懷孕期間服用螺旋霉素了。我希望能盡快得到這種藥。它在美國甚至還沒有被批準(zhǔn)使用，所以我們不得不讓我們的醫(yī)生向FDA(美國食品及藥物管理局)申請使用。我丈夫擔(dān)心時間拖太久，他已經(jīng)考慮飛墨西哥去買了，在那里它是合法的，可以買到。
我相信你和我一樣，在得知自己的檢測結(jié)果呈陽性后做了大量的研究和閱讀。為我做測試的實驗室寫的一份研究對我很有幫助——他們似乎真的很關(guān)心這個問題，并試圖證明弓形蟲在美國比人們想象的更常見。我同意這一點。
我個人基于這項研究，將一直服用藥物，以減少弓形蟲可能通過胎盤傳播的風(fēng)險。

baywatchsouthafrica
I will be seeing a toxoplasmosis specialist after my blood test and will definitely keep you upxed if he has any information to share. But so far my doctors have told me that the chances of any birth defect, since it was caught in the first trimester, are less than half a percent (0.42%), which really puts my mind at ease. I

驗血后我會去看一位弓形蟲病專家，如果他有任何信息可以分享，我一定會及時通知你。但到目前為止，我的醫(yī)生告訴我，弓形蟲病導(dǎo)致胎兒出生缺陷的幾率不到0.5%(0.42%)，因為我提前發(fā)現(xiàn)并開始治療。這讓我感到放心。