2023年上半年四六級(jí)漢譯英預(yù)測(cè)：清潔能源、環(huán)境（2篇）
預(yù)測(cè)背景：
? ? ? ? 在全球能源緊張的話題下，2023年環(huán)境和能源依然是重中之重的話題，政府工作報(bào)告也明確指出，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持推動(dòng)發(fā)展方式綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。人民生活的“幸福指數(shù)”和綠水青山的“生態(tài)顏值”息息相關(guān)。因此，環(huán)境作為熱門話題，很有可能會(huì)在漢譯英和寫(xiě)作上有出題。今年能源也會(huì)作為重點(diǎn)話題出現(xiàn)。
????????其中在2022年6月，六級(jí)寫(xiě)作真題已經(jīng)出過(guò)一篇如下：
????????To write an essay that begins with the sentence "nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle."
????????環(huán)境友好型生活方式以作文的形式曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，所以不排除漢譯英的出現(xiàn)。其中六級(jí)會(huì)偏向于政府工作報(bào)告內(nèi)容，十四五主題，總書(shū)記講話的原句可能會(huì)更高概率。
預(yù)測(cè)目的：
????????增加對(duì)環(huán)境相關(guān)詞匯的認(rèn)識(shí)，增加對(duì)能源詞匯的了解。對(duì)環(huán)境相關(guān)的時(shí)政詞匯增加了解并形成記憶。
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
CET4?Version
? ? ? ?清潔能源傳統(tǒng)意義上指的是對(duì)環(huán)境友好的能源，通常表現(xiàn)為排放少，對(duì)環(huán)境污染程度小，同時(shí)具有高經(jīng)濟(jì)性。清潔能源一般包括兩種類型：一種是可再生的能源，如太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、地?zé)崮埽╣eothermal energy）、潮汐能等，在被消耗后自身能夠恢復(fù)和補(bǔ)充，并且不會(huì)產(chǎn)生或很少產(chǎn)生污染物；另一種是利用潔凈能源技術(shù)處理過(guò)的化石燃料，是不可再生的低污染能源（如天然氣等），一般情況下多指前者。中國(guó)始終堅(jiān)持清潔低碳的發(fā)展方向，大力發(fā)展非化石能源，推動(dòng)能源清潔低碳轉(zhuǎn)型，提高能源效率，減少污染物及二氧化碳排放，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，促進(jìn)人與自然和諧發(fā)展?！笆奈濉币?guī)劃是中國(guó)進(jìn)一步加快可再生能源的關(guān)鍵機(jī)遇，將幫助中國(guó)碳中和目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
????????Conventionally, clean energy refers to energy sources that are environmentally-friendly, characterized by their low emission, little-to-zero pollution to the environment and high cost-efficiency. Clean energy usually is classified into two major types: One is the family of renewable energy sources, for instance, solar, wind, geothermal and tidal energy, which replenish and recover spontaneously after consumption; the other is the non-renewable low-pollution energy sources processed with clean-energy techniques such as natural gas, etc. Clean energy usually refers to the former. China adheres to clean and low-carbon development courses and invigorates non-fossil energy sources to drive forward clean and low-carbon energy transition, improve energy efficiency, reduce the emission of pollutants and carbon dioxide and protect the environment for a harmonious development of humanity and nature. The 14th 5-year plan is a key opportunity pushing forward China’s development in renewable energy for its goals of carbon neutrality.
解析：
1- 傳統(tǒng)意義上講：conventionally, generally (speaking), widely (speaking), traditionally
2- 指的是refer to, be known as（非直譯）
3- 表現(xiàn)為：be characterized by（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的翻譯），be distinctive of（特征非常明顯），后面建議使用名詞格式。如：表現(xiàn)為排放少→表現(xiàn)為低排放
Be distinctive of its low emission。再如：地中海地區(qū)的氣候表現(xiàn)為冬暖夏涼：Climate in the Mediterranean regions are usually characterized by?warm winters and cool summers.
有關(guān)能源的常見(jiàn)詞匯
可持續(xù)發(fā)展：sustainable development；
清潔能源：clean energy
可再生能源：renewable energy (re-new-able)
化石能源：fossil energy
燃料：fuel
新能源汽車：NEV (new-energy vehicles)
聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)：UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
碳中和：carbon neutrality
碳達(dá)峰：carbon emission peak
二氧化碳：carbon dioxide (CO2)
（應(yīng)對(duì)）氣候變化：adress climate change
氣象學(xué)的：meterological (meter - o - logy - logical)
極端天氣：extreme weather conditions
度過(guò)難關(guān)：weather the difficulties（weather v. 度過(guò)難關(guān)）
綠水青山就是金山銀山：Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets
能源供應(yīng)緊張：energy supply crunch / shortage
低碳的：low-carbon
碳足跡：carbon footprint
十四五：The 14th 5-year Plan
光伏發(fā)電：photovoltaic power generation
(Photovoltaic光伏：photo 光的，-volt 伏特，-aic 形容詞后綴)
立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)詞匯
強(qiáng)調(diào)立場(chǎng) sharpen the position / strengthen the stance on
堅(jiān)持……的原則（理念）：adhere to the stance / principle（philosopy） of
堅(jiān)定不移地走……的發(fā)展道路：adhere unswervingly to the pathway of ...
人與自然和諧發(fā)展: the harmonious development of humanity and nature
綠色轉(zhuǎn)型：green transition
第二篇：環(huán)境（難度在CET4到CET6之間）
????????生態(tài)環(huán)境是人類賴以生存繁衍的重要基礎(chǔ)。過(guò)去五年，我們加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，促進(jìn)綠色低碳發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的理念，健全生態(tài)文明制度體系，處理好發(fā)展和保護(hù)的關(guān)系，不斷提升可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力，加強(qiáng)生物多樣性保護(hù)，完善生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償制度。森林覆蓋率、濕地保護(hù)率大幅提高，水土流失、荒漠化得到有效遏制，人民群眾越來(lái)越多享受到藍(lán)天白云、綠水青山。
難點(diǎn)翻譯
1- 生存繁衍：生存，發(fā)展和后代，這里可以拆成三個(gè)：existence, development, breeding。
2- 健全……的體系：可以使用improve來(lái)表示健全。
? ??*另一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的是replenish，多為數(shù)量的補(bǔ)全或者通過(guò)增加法令使得體系整齊全面。
3- 處理好……的關(guān)系：levering the balance between A and B，處理好本質(zhì)上就是平衡二者
4- 知識(shí)點(diǎn)：生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償（eco-protection / ecological?compensation mechanisms）是指采取財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付或市場(chǎng)交易等方式，對(duì)生態(tài)保護(hù)者因履行生態(tài)保護(hù)責(zé)任所增加的支出和付出的成本，予以適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償?shù)募?lì)性制度安排。生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償制度作為生態(tài)文明制度的重要組成部分，是落實(shí)生態(tài)保護(hù)權(quán)責(zé)、調(diào)動(dòng)各方參與生態(tài)保護(hù)積極性、推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要手段。
5- 遏制：在正式報(bào)道中多用curb或者contain，尤其指惡劣事件得到遏制。surpress多為抑制其增長(zhǎng)速度，或者抑制某種狀態(tài)，偏中性。
????????The eco-environment is the vital foundation for the existence, development and breeding of mankind. Over the past five years, we have been strengthening our eco-environment protection, promoting green and low-carbon development, adhering to the philosophies of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", improving?our eco-civilization institution systems, levering?the balance?between environmental development and protection, continiously improving our capabilities?in sustainable development, strengthening our?bio-diversity?protection and improving our eco-protection compensation mechanisms. Over the years, we have seen a remarkable rise in the rates of our forest coverage and wetland preservation, and effectively curbed soil and water loss and land desertification.?Our people are enjoying more and more clearer days, bluer skies,?whiter clouds, more?lucid waters and?lush mountains.
