【TED】Which country does the most good for the world？世界上最好的國家是？

I've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it's changed over the last 20,30,40 years.

最近我常常思考我們的世界，以及它在過去的20，30，40年里經(jīng)歷了何等的轉(zhuǎn)變。

Twenty or thirty years ago,if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East Asia,it would have been a tragedy for the chicken and its closest relatives,but I don't think there was much possibility of us fearing a global pandemic and the deaths of millions.

20或30年前，如果在東亞一個遙遠(yuǎn)村落里，一只雞患了感冒，打個噴嚏然后死了，對那只雞和它的近親來說可能是個災(zāi)難，但我想我們不太可能會因此而擔(dān)心全球流行病和數(shù)百萬人的死亡。

Twenty or thirty years ago,if a bank in North America lend too much money to some people who couldn't afford to pay it back and the bank went bust,that was bad for the lender and bad for the borrower,but we didn't imagine it would bring the global economic system to its knees for nearly a decade.

20或30年前，如果北美的一家銀行借出了太多錢，給那些無力償還的人，并因此而倒閉了，只是借貸雙方運(yùn)氣不好而已，但我們不會想到這會給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)帶來將近10年的癱瘓期。

This is globalization.

這就是全球化。

This is the miracle that has enabled us to transship our bodies and our minds and out words and our pictures and our ideas and our teaching and our learning around the planet,ever faster and ever cheaper.

這就是奇跡，它已經(jīng)讓我們的身體、我們的頭腦、我們的語言、圖像以及我們的思想、還有我們的教育和學(xué)習(xí)都圍繞這個星球，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更快、成本更低。

It's brought a lot of bad stuff,like the stuff that I just described,but it's also brought a lot of good stuff.

它帶來很多壞事，比如我剛才舉的例子；但它也帶來許多好事。

A lot of us are not aware of the extraordinary successes of the Millennium Development Goals,several of which have achieved their targets long before the due date.

我們當(dāng)中很多人并不了解千禧年發(fā)展目標(biāo)取得了非凡的成就，有幾個遠(yuǎn)在截止日期之前就完成了預(yù)定目標(biāo)。

That proves that this species of humanity is capable of achieving extraordinary progress,if it really acts together and it really tries hard.

這證明了人類這個物種，能夠取得超凡的進(jìn)展，如果我們真正地一起合作并努力的話。

But if I had to put it in a nutshell these days,I sort of feel that globalization has taken us by surprise,and we've been slow to respond to it.

但如果我簡明扼要地說，我覺得全球化有點(diǎn)讓我們措手不及，我們對它的回應(yīng)太慢了。

If you look at the downside of globalization,it really dose seem to be sometimes overwhelming.

如果你看看全球化的負(fù)面影響，有時候的確有點(diǎn)難以應(yīng)付。

All of the grand challenges that we face today,like climate change and human rights and demographics and terrorism and pandemics and narco-trafficking and human slavery and species loss,I could go on,we're not making an awful lot of progress against a n awful lot of those challenges.

今天我們面對的所有重大挑戰(zhàn)，像氣候變化或人權(quán)問題，還有人口問題、恐怖主義和流行病 ，還有毒品走私和奴隸販賣，以及物種滅絕，我可以一直說下去，我們在這么多可怕的挑戰(zhàn)面前并沒有取得多么重大的進(jìn)展。

So in a nutshell,that's the challenge that we all face today at this interesting point in history.

所以簡單來說，這就是我們所有人在這個有意思的歷史時期，如今面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

That's clearly what we've got to do next.

這很明顯是我們接下來要做的。

We've somehow got to get our act together and we've got to figure out how to globalize the solutions better so that we don't simply become a species which is the victim of the globalization of problems.

我們要設(shè)法共同行動起來，我們要想辦法如何更好地解決全球化問題，以至于我們不會淪為全球化問題中受害的一個種群。

注：Please viewed? the following points of view dialectically.請辯證地看待以下觀點(diǎn)。

Why are we so slow at achieving these advances?What's the reason for it？

為什么我們?nèi)〉眠M(jìn)展的速度如此緩慢？原因是什么？

Well,there are,of course,a number of reasons,but perhaps the primary reason is because we're still organized as a species in the same way that we were organized 200 or 300 years ago.

當(dāng)然，這有許多原因。但也許是最首要的原因，是我們這個物種的機(jī)構(gòu)組成與200或300年前一樣。

There's one superpower left on the planet and that is the seven billion people,the seven billion of us who cause all these problems,the same seven billion,by the way,who will resolve them all.

目前世界上只有一個超能力，那就是這70億人口（billion為十億，字幕中翻譯為億是錯誤的）我們這70億人，造成了所有這些問題，但同樣的70億人，也要解決這些問題。

But how are those seven billion organized?

但這7億人是怎么組織起來的呢？

They're still organized in 200 or so nation-states,and the nations have governments that make rules and cause us to behave in certain ways.

他們還是由200多個國家或者多民族國家組成，國家都有政府，頒布法律，并要求我們遵守一定的準(zhǔn)則。

And that's a pretty efficient system,but the problem is that the way that those laws are made and the way those governments think is absolutely wrong for the solution of glabal problems,because it all looks inwards.

這是一個相當(dāng)有效的體制，但問題是這些法律的形成以及政府思考的方式，在解決全球問題上是完全錯誤的，因?yàn)樗豢吹絿鴥?nèi)。

三個原因的淺淺的總結(jié)：

1. 只看到國內(nèi)
2. 是文化精神變態(tài)
3. 認(rèn)為國內(nèi)事務(wù)和國際事務(wù)不兼容

07:00

And so you may say,well,given all of that,why then doesn't it work?

你可能說，就算這樣，為什么不奏效呢？

Why can we not make our politicians change?

為什么我們無法讓政黨改變？

Why can't we demand them?

為什么我們無法要求他們？

Well,I,like a lot of us,spend a lot of time complaining about how hard it is to make people change,and I don't think we should fuss about it.

我，就像我們中間許多人，花很多時間抱怨讓人改變有多困難，我不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該對此小題大作。

I think we should just accept that we are an inherently conservative species.

我覺得我們應(yīng)該接受，我們是天生非常保守的物種。

We don't like to change.

我們不喜歡改變。

It exists for very sensible evolutionary reasons.

這種現(xiàn)狀的存在是因?yàn)榉浅：侠淼倪M(jìn)化原因。

We probably wouldn't still be here today,if we weren't so resistant to change.

如果我們不是如此頑固執(zhí)守的話，我們今天很可能不會在這里。

?

It's very simple:Many thousands of years ago,we discovered that if we carried on doing the same things,we wouldn't die,because the things that we've done before by definition didn't kill us,and therefore as long as we carry on doing them,we'll be okay,and it's very sensible not to do anything new because it might kill you.

這很簡單：幾千年前，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)如果我們繼續(xù)做同樣的事情，我們就死不了。因?yàn)槲覀円郧八龅?，肯定能讓我們生存下去，所以只要我們繼續(xù)這么做，我們就沒事。不去嘗試新事物是很合理的，因?yàn)樾率挛锟赡軙⒘四恪?/p>

But of couse,there are exceptions to that.

但當(dāng)然，也有例外。

Otherwise,we'd never get anywhere.

不然我們就無法前進(jìn)。

And one of the exceptions,the interesting exception is when you can show to people that there might be some self-interest in them making that leap of faith and changing a little bit.

一個有趣的例外，是當(dāng)你告訴別人，滿懷信心，并做出一些改變是對他們自身有利的時候。

So I've spent a lot of the last 10 or 15 years trying to find out what could be that self-interest that would encourage not just politicians but also businesses and general populations,all of us,to start to think a little more outwardly,to think in a bigger picture,not always to look inwards,sometimes to look outwards.

所以我在過去的10到15年里，試圖找到那個可以鼓勵，不僅是政治家，也包括商家和大眾的自身利益的是什么，我們所有人，開始一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)往遠(yuǎn)看，想想大局，不要總是只顧自己，偶爾也向外看看。

And this is where I discovered something quite important.

這時我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一件相當(dāng)重要的事。

9:09

Countries depend enormously on their reputataions in order to survive and prosper in the world.

國家很大程度上取決于他們的聲譽(yù)，來決定他們在世界中的生存與繁榮。

If a country has a great,positive image,everything is easy and everything is cheap.

如果一個國家有很偉大很正面的形象，所有事情就會很容易，而且東西也會很便宜。

You can get more tourists.You can get more investors.You sell your products more expensively.

你能得到游客，你能得到投資商，你可以高價賣出你的商品。

If,on the other hand,you have a country with a very weak or a very negative image,everything is difficult and everything is expensive.

另一方面，如果你的國家有一個非常弱或者負(fù)面的形象，所有事情就會變得困難，而且東西昂貴。

So governments care desperately about the image of their country,because it makes a direct difference to how much money they can make（so表因果關(guān)系不能和because連用）and that's what they've promised their populations they're going to deliver.

所以政府極度關(guān)注國家的形象，因?yàn)樗苯佑绊懙剿麄兡軖甓嗌馘X，這也是他們向國民所承諾的他們將給予的。

So a couple of years ago,I thought I would take some time and speak to that gigantic database and ask it,why do some people prefer one country more than another?

所以幾年以后，我認(rèn)為我可以抽出些時間來跟那個龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庫聊聊，問問它為什么有些人相比于一個國家更喜歡另一個國家。

And the answer that the database gave me completely staggered me.

數(shù)據(jù)庫給我的答案完全出乎我的預(yù)料.

It was 6.8.

答案是6.8。

I haven't got time to explain indetail.Basically what it told me was

我沒時間解釋詳情，基本上它告訴我的是——

The kinds of countries we prefer are good countries.

我們喜歡的國家是好國家。

We don't admire countries primarily because they're rich,because they're powerful,because they're successful,because they're modern,because they're technologically advanced.

我們不會因?yàn)橛行﹪腋挥卸鴲勰剿鼈?，或因?yàn)樗鼈冇袡?quán)勢，因?yàn)樗鼈兂晒?，因?yàn)樗鼈儸F(xiàn)代化，因?yàn)樗鼈冇邢冗M(jìn)的科技。

We primarily admire countries that are good.

我們愛慕一個國家因?yàn)樗鼈兒谩?/p>

What do we mean by good?

好是什么意思？

We mean countries that seem to contribute something to the world in which we live,countries that actually make the world safer or better or richer or fairer.

我們指的是那些國家對我們所居住的世界做出了貢獻(xiàn)。那些讓世界更安全或更好或富有或更公平的國家。

Those are the countries we like.

這些是我們喜歡的國家。

This is a discovery of sidnificant importance—you see where I'm going—because it squares the circle.

這是一個有重大意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)——你知道我要說什么了——因?yàn)樗忉屃艘磺小?/p>

I can now say,and often do,to any goverment,in order to do well,you need to do good.

我現(xiàn)在可以說，而且經(jīng)常說，對任何政府，想要做的好，就要做好事。

If you want to sell more products,if you want to get more investment,if you want to become more competitive,then you need to start behaving,because that's why people will respect you and do business with you,and therefore,the more you collaborate,the more competitive you become.

如果你想賣更多產(chǎn)品，如果你想得到更多投資，如果你想變得更有競爭力，那你就得開始好好表現(xiàn)，這樣人們才會尊重你，與你展開商務(wù)往來，因此，你合作得越多，你就越有競爭力。

This is quite an important discovery,and as soon as I discovered this,I felt another index coming on.

這是一個相當(dāng)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。我一發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，我感到另一指數(shù)的必要性。

I swear that as I get older,my ideas become simpler and more and more childish.

我發(fā)誓我年齡越大，我的想法就越簡單，也會越孩子氣。

This one is called the Good Country Index,and it does exactly what it says on the tin.

這個指數(shù)叫好國家指數(shù)。它所做的完全是它的字面意思。

It measures,or at least it tries to measure,exactly how much each country on Earth contributes,not to its own population but to the rest of humanity.

他衡量，起碼試圖衡量，地球上每個國家到底貢獻(xiàn)了多少，不是對它本身的國民而是其余的人類。

Bizarrely,nobody had ever thought of measuring this before.

奇怪的是，從來沒有人想過，要來衡量這個。

So my colleague Dr. Robert Govers and I have spent the best part of the last two years,with the help of a large number of very serious and clever people,cramming together all the reliable data in the world e could find about what countries give to the world.

我的同事Robert Govers博士和我花了過去兩年的大部分時間，在許多非常認(rèn)真而聰明的人們的幫助下，搜集了世界上所有我們能找到的關(guān)于國家向世界提供的數(shù)據(jù)。

11:51

But first of all,I want to tell you precisely what I mean when I say a good country.

但首先，我想告訴你我對于一個好國家的精確定義是什么。

I do not mean morally good.

我并不是說道德上的好。

When I say that Country X is the goodest country on Earth,and I mean goodest,I don't mean best.

當(dāng)我說某國家是世界上最好的國家，而且我說的是最好的，而不是最優(yōu)秀的。

Best is something different.

最優(yōu)秀是另一個意思。

When you're talking about a good country,you can be good,gooder,goodest.

當(dāng)你說一個國家是好國家，你可以是好的，更好的，最好的。

It's not the same thing as good,better and best.

它與優(yōu)秀的，更優(yōu)秀的和最優(yōu)秀的不同。

This is a country which simply gives more to humanity than any other country.

這是一個單純?yōu)槿祟惡推渌麌邑暙I(xiàn)更多的國家。

I don't talk about how they behave at home because that's measured elsewhere.

我不是說它們在家的行為如何，因?yàn)槟鞘怯闷渌麞|西來衡量的。

www.goodcountry.org

13:01

In the depths of a cery severe economic recession,I think that there's a really important lesson there,that if you can remember your international obligations,whilst(同while)you are trying to rebuild your own economy,that's really something.

在每場劇烈的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期，我想這都是一個重要的功課，如果你能記得你的國際責(zé)任，在你重建本國經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時，那是件了不起的事。

www.goodcountry.org

14:53

Now that's the Good Country Index.

這就是好國家指數(shù)。

What's it there for?

它有什么目的？

Well,it's there really because I want to try to introduce this word or reintroduce this word,into the discourse.

它存在的目的是因?yàn)槲蚁雵L試介紹這個詞，或重新介紹這個詞，在我們的語境中。

I've had enough hearing about competitive countries.

我已經(jīng)聽夠了有競爭力的國家。

I've had enough hearing about prosperous,wealthy,fast-growing countries.

我已經(jīng)聽夠了繁榮、富有、發(fā)展迅速的國家。

I've even had enough hearing about happy countries because in the end that's still selfish,that's still about us,and if we carry on thinking about us,we are in deep,deep trouble.

我甚至聽夠了快樂的國家，因?yàn)檎f到底這都是自私的，都是關(guān)乎我們自己。如果我們繼續(xù)考慮自己，我們就有大麻煩了。

I think we all know what it is that we want to hear about.

我想我們都知道我們想聽到什么。

We want to hear about good countries,and so I want to ask you all a favor.

我們想聽到關(guān)于好國家，所以我想請求你一件事。

I'm not asking a lot.

我所要求的不多。

It's something that you might find easy to do and even helpful to do,and that's simply to start using the word "good" in this context.

對你來說可能很容易，甚至很有幫助——那就是在這個大環(huán)境中單純地開始使用“好”這個詞。

When you think about your own country,when you think about other people's countries,when you think about companies,when you talk about the world that we live in today,start using that word,in the way that I've talk about this evening.

當(dāng)你想到你自己的國家，當(dāng)你想到其他人的國家，當(dāng)你想到公司，當(dāng)你談?wù)撐覀內(nèi)缃袼幼〉氖澜?，開始用這個詞，而且是用我們今晚談?wù)摰姆绞绞褂谩?/p>

Not good,the opposite of bad,because that's an argument that never finishes.

不是“壞”的反義詞“好”，因?yàn)檫@是一個永無完結(jié)的爭論。

Good,the opposite of selfish,good being a country that thinks about all of us.

是“自私”的反義詞“好”，好的意思是這個國家為所有人考慮。

That's what I would like you to do,and I'd like you to use it as a stick with which to beat your politicians.

這是我希望你做的，我希望你把它當(dāng)成一根棍子使用，鞭策你的政黨。

When you elect them,when you reelect them,when you cote for them,when you listen to waht they're offering you,use that word,"good",and ask yourself,"Is that what a good country would do?"

當(dāng)你選舉他們或重選他們的時候，當(dāng)你為他們投票，聽他們說他們能給你帶來什么的時候，用“好”這個詞，并問你自己，“這是一個好國家會做的事嗎？”

And if the answer is no,be very suspicious.

如果答案是不，那就要持懷疑態(tài)度。

Ask yourself,is that the behavior of my country?

問你自己，這種行為是我的國家該有的嗎？

Do I want to come from a country where the government,in my name,is doing things like that?

我愿意來自于一個政府以我的名義做這種事情的國家嗎？

Or do I,on the other hand,prefer the idea of walking around the world with my head held high thinking,"Yeah,I'm proud to come from a good country"?

或者我，從另一方面來說，更喜歡在周游世界的時候，可以抬頭挺胸地說，“是的，我很自豪我來自于一個好國家?！?/p>

And everybody will welcome you.

每個人都會歡迎你。

And everybody in the last 15 seconds before they drift off to sleep at night will say,"Gosh,I'm glad that person's country exists."

每個人都會在他們睡前的15秒鐘說，“我為這個國家的存在感到驕傲?！?/p>

Ultimately,that,I think,is what will make the change.

最終，我認(rèn)為，這是改變的原因。

That word,"good"and the number 6.8 and the discovery that's behind it have changed my life

這個詞“好”，還有6.8這個數(shù)字，還有這背后的發(fā)現(xiàn)，改變了我的人生。

I think they can change your life,and I think we can use it to change the way that our politicians and our companies behave,and in doing so,we can change the world.

我想他們也能改變你的人生，我認(rèn)為我們能用它來改變我們的政黨和企業(yè)的行為，這樣，我們就可以改變世界。

I've started thinking very differently about my own country since I've been thinking about these things.

自從我開始思考這些事情，我開始以非常不同的方式考慮我自己的國家，。

I used to think that I wanted to live in a rich country,and then I started thinking I wanted to live in a happy country,but I began to realize,it's not enough.

我曾經(jīng)想我會愿意住在一個富有的國家，后來我想我會愿意住在一個快樂的國家，但我開始意識到，這些都不夠。

I don't want to live in a rich country.

我不想住在一個富有的國家。

I don't want to live in a fast-growing or competitive country.

我不想住在一個快速發(fā)展或是競爭力強(qiáng)的國家。

I want to live in a good country,and I so,so hope that you do too.

我想住在一個好國家，而且我十分、十分希望你也這么想。

Thank you.

多謝。

觀看涉及政治的TED演講時請銘記：

抵制不良學(xué)習(xí) 拒絕沉迷TED 注意自我保護(hù) 謹(jǐn)防受騙上當(dāng)

適度學(xué)習(xí)益腦 沉迷TED傷身 合理安排時間 享受健康生活