808 Words

let's learn about volcanoes

this is a volcano eruption

get ready to study volcanoes

to understand volcanoes

let's study about the structure of the earth first

earth is made up of a number of layers

like an onion yeah or like an apple

the four main layers of the earth are the

crust

mantle outer core and

inner core

the crust

the crust is the thin outer layer of our earth

it varies from about five kilometers thick in the ocean floor to around 70 kilometers thick on land

mantle

the next layer is known as the mantle

the mantle is made up of little different silicate rocks

which consists of more iron and magnesium

the outer core

Earth's outer core is very hot

and builds up hot liquid nickel and iron

it creates a magnetic field and makes a protective blockade around the earth

that guards us from the sun's harmful solar wind

inner core

this layer is also built up

of nickel and iron but in solid form

the inner core is almost as hot as the surface of the Sun over 5,000 degrees Celsius hot

so hot

one more thing tectonic plates

the tectonic plates are a combo of the outer mantle in the crust

these plates move very slowly

you can say around a couple of inches a year

let's do a simple experiment

bring a cola bottle

very good

now shake it it will create air pressure inside the bottle

now open

it carefully whoa it's like a volcano

come on now see how it happened

there are several gases inside the earth

as well as a lot of hot melted myths

this melted hot material is called magma

and it comes out of the earth

now can you bring a balloon

yeah

now keep it under sunlight

the air inside the balloon gets hotter

and due to this molecules are run away from each other

this puts pressure on the balloons outer layer

this outer layer is like the crust of the earth

oh

the inside gas is putting pressure

this has burst and air has come out simple this is the theory behind volcanic eruption

now look here this is a volcanic eruption

the red liquid that is coming out is called blob

what it is inside the earth it is magma

and when it comes out it is called lava

lava on the surface stops flowing and hardens into rocks when it gets cool

in 2017 mount agung a volcano on the island

of Bali Indonesia erupted violently

enough to cause evacuation an air flight

disruption a volcano is a mountain that is disclosed downward to a pool of molten rock beneath the surface of the earth

and whenever pressure builds up eruptions occur

there are three different types of volcanoes active

volcano in this eruptions can be any time and often an examples Mount

Vesuvius in Italy and Sakurajima in Japan a dormant volcano is an active

volcano that is not erupting but is supposed to erupt again

in examples Mauna Kea in Hawaii and

Mount Fuji in Japan extinct volcano it means it hasn't erupted in a very long

time so it probably won't ever erupt again an example is the Deccan Traps in India and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania

volcanoes can also be classified based on their shapes shield volcanoes these

are shaped like a shield or a bowl in the middle with long gentle slopes made

by the lava flows in this type the magma is too runny

so the gas moves away easily and the magma simply comes out of the mountain

and flows down the sides no explosion

though some shield volcanoes are in Mount Etna and Hawaii composite volcano

these are steep sited volcanoes and

composed of many layers of volcanic

rocks that are usually made from the

thick sticky lava rock debris and ash in this the magma is thick and gooey and

like honey so gas cannot escape but it builds up but not then up until it

explodes sending out huge clouds of burning rock and gas some examples our

mount cotopaxi in Ecuador and Mount Fuji Japan cinder cones

these are ovular or circular cones and

made from erupting lava that breaks into small pieces when it shoots in the air

the small pieces fall back to the land

they cool and create cinders around the vent

an example is parícutin in Mexico and

the Mauna Kea in Hawaii volcano lava

domes these are built up by viscous

magma being flared up effusive ly into the shadow and then stacking up around

vent some examples are Katla lava in Iceland and Lassen Peak in the United

States now you know a lot about

volcanoes Oh

again the eruption cool stay tuned for

more videos and always help others

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