重難點(diǎn)分析

對(duì)于動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，主要考查詞義辨析、動(dòng)詞的用法和搭配、一詞多義以及在具體語(yǔ)境中正確使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。要特別注意一些最常用的詞匯如get, make, have, take以及與它們構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)高考語(yǔ)法填空和完形填空的必考點(diǎn)。

一、動(dòng)詞分類一覽表

動(dòng)詞的分類

例句

行為動(dòng)詞

(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)+賓語(yǔ)

He sang a song for us.

不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)

后不接賓語(yǔ)

He arrived late.

+介詞

He arrived in Wuhan at 10 ? a.m.

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系動(dòng)詞

表人和事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be, feel, ? appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste等

He seems angry.

表狀態(tài)變化：become, get, ? go, turn, grow, fall等

The fish went bad.

表狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù)：keep, stay, ? remain等

He remained silent.

助動(dòng)詞

be, have, do, shall, will等，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形或分詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的各種形式

I have bought a car.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

can/could, may/might, ? shall/should, will/would, must, need, dare等

He may come tomorrow.

注意：有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如：We have lunch at 12. (行為動(dòng)詞) / We have been to Japan. (助動(dòng)詞)

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二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一覽表

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成

示例

例句

動(dòng)詞+副詞

break out 爆發(fā)

The Anti-Japanese War ? broke out in 1931.

動(dòng)詞+介詞

agree with 同意

I agree with you on that ? point.

動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

come up with 想出；提出

I came up with a good ? idea.

動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

make use of 利用

You should make full use ? of your time.

動(dòng)詞+名詞

take place 發(fā)生

Great changes are taking ? place in our life.

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三、常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納

常用動(dòng)詞come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn, get的相關(guān)搭配

1. come

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come about 發(fā)生；造成

come across 偶然遇到

come after 追蹤；跟在……后面

come along 一道走；趕快

come at 向……撲過(guò)來(lái)

come from 來(lái)自

come on 跟隨；上演；趕快；加油

come out 出來(lái)；出版；結(jié)果是

come to (oneself) 蘇醒；總共；達(dá)到；涉及

come to an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議

come to a close/an end 終止；結(jié)束

come to life 活過(guò)來(lái)

come to light 泄露；被發(fā)現(xiàn)

come to mind 想起；回憶起

come to the point (講話、寫文章等)切中要害

come to the/one’s rescue 營(yíng)救；幫助

come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)；變成現(xiàn)實(shí)

come up with 想出；提出

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come into being/existence 出現(xiàn)；開始形成；成立

come in 進(jìn)來(lái)；上市；流行起來(lái)；(比賽中)得……名次(come in second 得第二名)

2. go

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go about 此處走動(dòng)

go after 追趕；追捕；追求

go ahead 前進(jìn)；說(shuō)吧；走吧；做吧(口語(yǔ))

go all out to do sth. 全力以赴做某事

go beyond 超出；超出……的能力

go by 從……經(jīng)過(guò)/通過(guò)；時(shí)間流逝

go back to 追溯到；回顧

go down 下降；下跌

go in for 參與；從事；愛(ài)好

go into 進(jìn)入；從事

go off 離開某地；爆炸

go over 復(fù)習(xí)；超過(guò)期限；審閱；仔細(xì)查看

go out 熄滅；出去；過(guò)時(shí)

go through 穿過(guò)；經(jīng)受

go too far 太過(guò)分；走得太遠(yuǎn)

go with 相配(同義詞match)

go well with 協(xié)調(diào)；相配

go wrong 出錯(cuò)；發(fā)生故障

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go around/round 繞道；四處走動(dòng)；(故事、消息等)傳開；縈繞

3. keep

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keep away 不靠近；遠(yuǎn)離

keep back 向后退；保留

keep in mind 記?。话选浽谛睦?/p>

keep in order 保持整齊；使井井有條

keep in touch with 保持聯(lián)系

keep one’s ears open 留心細(xì)聽(tīng)；傾聽(tīng)

keep one’s eyes open 留心；注意

keep out 不讓入內(nèi)；不要進(jìn)來(lái)

keep out of 不參與；不牽涉進(jìn)去；置身事外

keep quiet 保持安靜

keep up your courage 鼓起勇氣；保持勇氣

keep up with 跟上

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keep off 不接近；保持距離；避開；回避(某話題)

4. look

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look about/around 四周環(huán)顧

look after 照顧

look ahead 向前看；展望未來(lái)

look at 看

look back 回顧；回過(guò)頭看

look down upon 看不起

look down one’s nose at 傲慢；輕視某人

look forward to 期待

look into 調(diào)查

look like 看起來(lái)像

look out (of) 當(dāng)心；小心；向外看

look through 瀏覽；看穿

look up 仰視；查找(字典、電話本等)

look up to sb. 尊敬

look up and down上下打量(某人)

look to 指望；寄望；依靠

look on 袖手旁觀

look over 仔細(xì)檢查

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5. make

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make sense 說(shuō)得通；有意義；言之有理

make up 構(gòu)成

make up for 彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償

make up one’s mind 下決心；決定

make an effort to / make efforts to 努力；盡力

make oneself heard 讓自己被別人聽(tīng)到

make good sense / no sense 有意義/沒(méi)意義

make fun of 嘲笑；取笑

be made up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成

make tea/coffee 泡茶/泡咖啡

make a living 某人

make a difference 有影響；有關(guān)系

make full use of 充分利用

make excuses 超借口；辯解

make a contribution to 為……做貢獻(xiàn)

make a complaint 提出投訴

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make a deep impression on sb. 給某人留下深刻印象

6. put

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put away 放好；收起來(lái)

put aside 放在一邊；暫時(shí)不做；留出

put back 放回原處

put down 放下；拒絕；寫下來(lái)

put forward 提出(計(jì)劃、建議等)

put off 推遲；延期；脫掉(衣服等)

put into use 投入使用

put on 穿上；上演

put out 撲滅；吹滅

put up 舉起；張貼

put up with 忍受；忍耐

put one’s heart into 全心全意投入

put in prison 投入監(jiān)獄

put on weight 增肥

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put through 做完；完成；接通電話(=get through)

7. take

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take away 拿走；帶走

take back 拿回來(lái)

take A for B 把A誤認(rèn)為是B

take part in 參加

take advantage of 利用

take care of 照顧

take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；管理

take a chance 碰運(yùn)氣

take hold of 抓??；掌握

take notice of 留心；注意

take the opportunity of 抓住機(jī)會(huì)

take the place of 代替

take the risk of 冒……的險(xiǎn)

take off 脫下；起飛

take up 占據(jù)(時(shí)間、地方等)；從事于

take in 吸收；欺騙

take in turn 依次

take a shower 沖涼

take pride in = be proud of 為……感到驕傲

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8. turn

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turn against 背叛；反對(duì)

turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)

turn up 調(diào)大聲；出現(xiàn)

turn down 調(diào)小聲；拒絕

turn on 打開

turn off 關(guān)掉

turn…into… 把……變成……

turn in 上交(=hand in)

turn out to be 結(jié)果是；結(jié)局是

turn over 翻動(dòng)；翻過(guò)

turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于

turn right/left 右轉(zhuǎn)/左轉(zhuǎn)

turn away 解雇；把……打發(fā)走

turn back 折回

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9. get

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get accustomed to 習(xí)慣于

get across 度過(guò)；通過(guò)；說(shuō)服；使理解

get ahead of 勝過(guò)；超過(guò)

get on/along well with 與……相處融洽

get away with僥幸逃脫；避免受罰

get away from 拜托

get back 取回；回來(lái)；報(bào)復(fù)

get down to 認(rèn)真對(duì)待；靜下心來(lái)

get familiar with 熟悉

get hold of 獲得；取得

get into trouble 陷入麻煩

get into bad habits 染上惡習(xí)

get off 下車

get on 上車

get out of 從……出來(lái)

get over 越過(guò)；克服

get ready for 為……作準(zhǔn)備

get rid of 除去；去掉；免除；擺脫

get through 通過(guò)；及格；接通

get together 積聚；積累

get up 起床；起立

get used to 習(xí)慣于

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考點(diǎn)練透

一、短語(yǔ)翻譯 根據(jù)句意將下列句子劃線部分的英文翻譯成中文。

1. Striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well. (翻譯：_______________________)

2. They can’t teach children learning, let alone offering their psychological and moral education. (翻譯：_______________________)

3. So the whole society should pay special attention to this social phenomenon. (翻譯：_________________)

4. It is a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served. (翻譯：_____________)

5. Some people say that the key to success is the luck, so they never work hard and of course can only envy others’ success. (翻譯：_______________________)

6. Just as the famous saying by Einstein goes, success is 99% of hard work and 1% of the fortune. (翻譯：_______________________)

7. Therefore, I wish all of us achieve success through our hard work! (翻譯：_______________________)

8. Besides, studying abroad can not only broaden their horizons but also deepen their understanding of the culture and customs in that country. (翻譯：_______________________)

9. However I think it difficult for them to adapt to the new environment. (翻譯：______________________)

10. So it would be better to go abroad after they have finished their college at home, when they are more capable of learning and living on their own. (翻譯：_______________________)

11. As you know, we Chinese take pride in our original hair color and we are fine with it. (翻譯：_________)

12. In my opinion, those with different hair colors, turning a blind eye to school rules, are not worth learning from because they just want to make themselves noticed. (翻譯：_______________________)

13. It is known to us that nowadays middle school students are diligent in their studies for the prosperous future of their motherland. (翻譯：_______________________)

14. No pain, no gains. Therefore I’d like to say to those who’d like to cheat in exams, “Get down to work now and don’t cheat yourself any more.” (翻譯：_______________________)

15. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, so in return soil is becoming more and more barren (貧瘠的), and meanwhile, the air is getting worse and worse. (翻譯：_______________________)

16. We are supposed to live harmonious with nature. (翻譯：_______________________)

17. I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. (翻譯：___________________)

18. Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help other people. (翻譯：_______________________)

19. My own experience can also well illustrate the importance of praise. (翻譯：______________________)

20. I began to put my heart into study, listening attentively in class and finishing my homework on time. (翻譯：_______________________)

21. I strongly suggest that all of us try to spot others’ strong points and not be mean with our praise. (翻譯：_______________________)

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二、語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Qiao is a sixth-grader at Yuhui Primary School. He is only 12 years old ???1 ???has been smoking for three years. Liu, 15, is ???2 ???Junior 2 student at Chicheng No. 2 Middle School. He ???3 ???(begin) smoking four years ago. “Smoking is part of my life,” Liu said. Qiao and Liu are not those boys’ real names. But their problem, smoking, is a very real problem. In many countries, smoking ???4 ???(become) a bigger problem for young people. Most smokers start in their teens (years of a person’s age from 13 to 19) or ???5 ???(early).

A study of 8,000 Beijing students last April told us that smoking is a problem for many Chinese kids. More than 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils said ???6 ???smoked.

“? ?7 ???young people start smoking early, they will probably get addicted ???8 ???nicotine. And it will be very hard to give up later on,” said a professor.

Every year, about four million people die because of smoking. And if people keep smoking, that number ???9 ???(go) up to about ten million a year by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) says. ???10 ???we have to learn and tell others about the dangers of smoking.

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三、佳作欣賞 下面是一篇摘自全國(guó)英語(yǔ)高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，其中也包含有動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，用心體會(huì)其用法。

Dear editor,

From the questionnaires we have received, we can find the fact that less families are satisfied with the relationship between children and their parents.

Only 30% parents are satisfied with their relationship with their children, for their children are considerate to others, diligent and easy to communicate with, and above all, they are honest and respect their parents. The democratic atmosphere of the family and the time parents spent communicating with them contribute to this.

However, about 70% parents are unsatisfied with their relationship with their children, saying that their children are selfish and difficult to communicate with. What’s worse, they sometimes tell lies and don’t form a good habit in life and study. The reasons are as follows: they are too busy to communicate with their children and instruct them in doing everything and the society has a great influence on them.

It is clear that parents should spare more time communicating with their children however busy they are.

Yours

Lihua

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參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、短語(yǔ)翻譯

1. 在學(xué)習(xí)和休息之間取得適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶? 2. 更別提/更別說(shuō)? 3. 特別注意? 4. 飯前? 5. 成功的關(guān)鍵；妒忌別人的成功? 6. 成功是99%的努力加上1%的運(yùn)氣? 7. 取得成功? 8. 開闊視野? 9. 適應(yīng)新環(huán)境? 10. 更有能力自己學(xué)習(xí)和生活? 11. 為……感到自豪? 12. 對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)? 13. 為了祖國(guó)的繁榮昌盛? 14. 開始認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)吧? 15. 反過(guò)來(lái)/作為回報(bào)? 16. 應(yīng)該? 17. 申請(qǐng)? 18. 總是樂(lè)于助人? 19. 說(shuō)明表?yè)P(yáng)的重要性? 20. 全心投入學(xué)習(xí)? 21. 我強(qiáng)烈建議；發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不要吝嗇我們的贊美

二、語(yǔ)法填空

本文主要講述我國(guó)中小學(xué)生吸煙的問(wèn)題和現(xiàn)狀。

1. but? 根據(jù)He is only 12 years old可知，此處顯然存在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。

2. a? 不定冠詞的基本用法，在此意為“一個(gè)”。

3. began? 根據(jù)空后的four years ago可知用一般過(guò)去式。

4. is becoming? 此句是問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

5. earlier? 根據(jù)前面的in their teens可知，此處存在隱形比較級(jí)。

6. they? 缺少主語(yǔ)填代詞。they在此指代前面的21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils。

7. If? 空后是兩個(gè)分句，故填連接詞。再根據(jù)句意，此處明顯存在一個(gè)表?xiàng)l件的關(guān)系，故填I(lǐng)f引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。注意首字母要大寫。

8. to? 固定搭配get addicted to意為“對(duì)……上癮”。

9. will go? 根據(jù)前面的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if people keep smoking可知，此處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。習(xí)慣句型: If …., …will…意為“如果……，……將……”。

10. So? 根據(jù)上下語(yǔ)境，此處顯然存在一個(gè)表“所以……”的意思。So是個(gè)表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。

助讀詞匯

teens n. 十幾歲????????? addicted adj. 上癮的

nicotine n. 尼古丁??????? go up to 上升到

primary school 小學(xué)????? World Health Organization 世界衛(wèi)生組織