背景、符號(hào)標(biāo)記等見(jiàn)序言

29.1 [Ea cum Ciceroni nuntiarentur, [ancipiti malo] (permotus)], [quod neque urbem [ab insidiis] [privato consilio] [longius] tueri poterat, neque {exercitus Manli quantus aut quo consilio foret} [satis] compertum habebat], rem {ad senatum} refert [iam antea vulgi rumoribus exagitatam].

洛：When these events were reported to Cicero, he was greatly disturbed by the twofold peril, since he could mo longer by his unaided efforts protect the city against these plots, nor gain any exact information as to the size and purpose of Manlius's army; he therefore formally called the attention of the senate to the matter, which had already been the subject of popular gossip.

試：When those things were reported to Cicero, influenced by the twofold evil deed, because he could neither watch the city against conspiracy longer with private plan, nor had enough thing learned that how much was the army of Manlius or under which plan, he reported this thing to the senate, before then which had been roused by rumors of common people.

思考：

1. 語(yǔ)法分析如上。注意句末的refert不是無(wú)人稱動(dòng)詞，它的主語(yǔ)是Cicero。

2. vulgi...exagitatam這一分詞短語(yǔ)用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯較為合適。

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29.2 Itaque, quod plerumque in atroci negotio solet, senatus decrevit {darent operam consules [ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet]}.

洛：Thereupon, as is often done in a dangerous emergency, the senate voted "that the consuls should take heed that the commonwealth suffer no harm."

試：Therefore, because it was accustomed with the most situation in horrible difficulty, the senate decided that the consuls should make action so that the state would not take what form of damage.

思考：

1. 筆者認(rèn)為solet的主語(yǔ)是senatus，賓語(yǔ)是plerumque。沒(méi)有把它當(dāng)作無(wú)人稱動(dòng)詞處理。

2. decrevit(..3..pef)的原型可以是decresco，也可以是decerno。但只有后者能直接引導(dǎo)實(shí)詞性目的從句，這個(gè)從句內(nèi)部又有一個(gè)目的（狀語(yǔ)）從句。

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29.3 Ea potestas per senatum more Romano magistratui maxuma permittitur: exercitum parare, bellum gerere, coercere omnibus modis socios atque civis, domi militiaeque imperium atque iudicium summum habere; aliter sine populi iussu nullius earum rerum consuli ius est.

洛：The power which according to Roman usage is thus conferred upon a magistrate by the senate is supreme, allowing him to raise an army, wage war, exert any kind of compulsion upon allies and citizens, and exercise unlimited command and jurisdiction at home and in the field; otherwise the consul has none of these privileges except by the order of the people.

試：The greatest power was permitted to magistrate through the senate by the Roman custom: to prepare army, to carry war, to confine allies and citizens in all ways, have the highest authority and power of judgement of peace and war; by another way, without the order of people, justice of those things to consul was for nothing.

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段落大意 (29)：

西塞羅把城內(nèi)城外同時(shí)遭受威脅的情況報(bào)告給了元老院，后者決定授予執(zhí)政官組織軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)、限制盟友與公民活動(dòng)的大權(quán)。

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30.1 Post paucos dies L. Saenius senator in senatu litteras recitavit, quas Faesulis adlatas sibi dicebat, in quibus scriptum erat C. Manlium arma cepisse cum magna multitudine ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembris.

洛：A few days later, in a meeting of the senate, Lucius Saenius, one its members, read a letter which he said had been brought to him from Faesulae, stating that Gaius Manlius had taken the field with a large force on the twenty-seventh day of October.

試：A few days later Lucius Saenius the senator recited the words in senate, which to him he said reported from Faesulae, in which the message was that Gaius Manlius took weapons with great many of people on October 27th.

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30.2 Simul, id quod in tali re solet, alii portenta atque prodigia nuntiabant, alii conventus fieri, arma portari, Capuae atque in Apulia servile bellum moveri.

洛：At the same time, as is usual in such a crisis, omens and portents were reported by some, while others told of the holding of meetings, of the transportation of arms, and of insurrections of the slaves at Capua and in Apulia.

試：At the same time, because it was accustomed in such thing, some people announced omens and portents, some made meetings, weapons were carried, servile war was excited at Capua and in Apulia.

思考：

1. 此處solet的使用類(lèi)似于無(wú)人稱動(dòng)詞？

2. alii conventus...及其后使用了歷史不定式。

3. Capuae使用了位置格。

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30.3 Igitur senati decreto Q. Marcius Rex Faesulas, Q. Metellus Creticus in Apuliam circumque ea loca missi –

洛：Thereupon by decree of the senate Quintus Marcius Rex was sent to Faesulae and Quintus Metellus Creticus to Apulia and its neighbourhood.

試：Therefore, with the decision of senate, Quintus Marcius Rex was sent to Faesula, Quintus Metellus Creticus was sent to Apulia and around that place –

思考：

1. missi是省略esse的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)一致原則，它的主語(yǔ)是Q.Rex和Q.Creticus兩個(gè)人。但句子的意思是這兩個(gè)人“分別”被派出，根據(jù)A&G317條的說(shuō)法應(yīng)當(dāng)使用單數(shù)。這或許是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人同時(shí)被派出的情況？希望有更好的解釋。

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30.4 hi (utrique) [ad urbem] <imperatores> erant, (impediti) [ne triumpharent [calumnia paucorum], (quibus omnia honesta atque inhonesta vendere mos erat)] –

洛：Both these generals were at the gates in command of their armies, being prevented from celebrating a triumph by the intrigues of a few men, whose habit it was to make everything, honourable and dishonourable,a matter of barter.

試：these men both had been generals near the city of Rome, obstructed by false accusation of some people so that they would not celebrate triumph, to which the law was to sell all honourable and dishonourable things –

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30.5 sed praetores Q. Pompeius Rufus Capuam, Q. Metellus Celer in agrum Picenum eisque permissum uti pro tempore atque periculo exercitum conpararent.

洛：Of the praetors, Quintus Pompeius Rufus was sent to Capua and Quintus Metellus Celer to the Picene district, with permission to raise an army suited to the emergency and the danger.

試：but the praetors Quintus Pompeius Rufus was sent to Capua, Quintus Metellus Celer was sent to Picenum, and they had the permission so that they would arrange an army for the time and danger.

思考：

1. eisque permissum應(yīng)是省略esse的屬有與格？

2. ūtī=ut

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30.6 Ad hoc, si quis indicavisset de coniuratione quae contra rem publicam facta erat, praemium servo libertatem et sestertia centum, libero inpunitatem eius rei et sestertia ducenta milia

洛：The senate also voted that if anyone should give information as to the plot which had been made against the state, he should, if a slave, be rewarded with his freedom and a hundred thousand sesterces, and if a free man, with immunity for complicity therein, and two hundred thousand sesterces;

試：In addition, if anyone could give evidence about the conspiracy which was made against the state, the reward to a slave was liberty and 100000 sestertius, to a free man was impunity of their deed and 200000 sestertius,

思考：

1. praemium servo...似乎省略了動(dòng)詞？（常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞且句意明顯）

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30.7 itemque decrevere uti gladiatoriae familiae Capuam et in cetera municipia distribuerentur pro cuiusque opibus, Romae per totam urbem vigiliae haberentur eisque minores magistratus praeessent.

洛：further, that the troops of gladiators should be quartered on Capua and the other free towns according to the resources of each place; that at Rome watch should be kept by night in all parts of the city under the direction of the minor magistrates.

試：and they also decided that gladiator troops were distributed into Capua and the rest free towns according to power of each, in Rome the nightly vigils were set throughout the whole city and presided less magistrates to them.

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段落大意 (30)：

有關(guān)費(fèi)祖萊和其他地區(qū)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)消息不僅傳到了元老院，更成為街談巷議的話題。于是元老院分別向這些地區(qū)派出將領(lǐng)與行政長(zhǎng)官，同時(shí)還頒布了鼓勵(lì)揭發(fā)與自首的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)規(guī)則。此外，各自由城市和羅馬城也加強(qiáng)了防御。

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31.1 Quibus rebus permota civitas atque inmutata urbis facies erat. Ex summa laetitia atque lascivia, quae diuturna quies pepererat, repente omnis tristitia invasit:

洛：These precautions struck the community with terror, and the aspect of the city was changed.In place of extreme gaiety and frivolity, the fruit of long-continued peace, there was sudden and general gloom.

試：With those things citizens were deeply influenced and appearance of the city was changed. From the highest fertility and playfulness, which the long peace had created, sadness suddenly invaded everything:

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31.2 festinare, trepidare, neque loco neque homini cuiquam satis credere, neque bellum gerere neque pacem habere, suo quisque metu pericula metiri.

洛：Men were uneasy and apprehensive, put little confidence in any place of security or in any human being, were neither at war nor at peace, and measured the peril each by his own fears.

試：everyone hurried, was in the state of agitation, neither believed any place nor any man, neither carried war nor had peace, measured the dangers with his own fear.

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31.3 Ad hoc mulieres, quibus rei publicae magnitudine belli timor insolitus incesserat, adflictare sese, manus supplicis ad caelum tendere, miserari parvos liberos, rogitare omnia, omni rumore pavere, adripere omnia, superbia atque deliciis omissis sibi patriaeque diffidere.

洛：The women, too, whom the greatness of our country had hitherto shielded from the terrors of war, were. in a pitiful state of anxiety, raised suppliant hands to heaven, bewailed the fate of their little children, asked continual questions, trembled at everything, and throwing aside haughtiness and self-indulgence, despaired of themselves and of their country.

試：In addition women, upon whom the unaccustomed fear of war came for the greatness of the state, they tormented themselves, stretched their hands to sky in supplication, lamented their small children, asked all things eagerly, were scared to everything for rumour, seized all things, distrusted themselves and native land with haughtiness and extravagances abandoned.

思考：

1. quibus rei...incesserat中magnitudine是原因奪格，insolitus的使用有類(lèi)似副詞的意味。

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31.4 At Catilinae crudelis animus eadem illa movebat, tametsi praesidia parabantur et ipse lege Plautia interrogatus erat ab L. Paulo.

洛：But Catiline's pitiless spirit persisted in the same attempts, although defences were preparing, and he himself had been arraigned by Lucius Paulus under the Plautian law.

試：But Catiline’s cruel soul moved that thing the same, though the defenses were prepared and this man had been questioned by Lucius Paulus for Plautius’?law.

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31.5 Postremo, dissimulandi causa aut sui expurgandi, sicut iurgio lacessitus foret, in senatum venit.

洛：Finally, in order to conceal his designs or to clear himself, as though he had merely been the object of some private slander,?he came into the senate.

試：At last, for the reason of disguising or purifying himself, he came into the senate, just as he was incited by brawling.

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31.6 Tum M. Tullius consul, sive praesentiam eius timens sive ira conmotus, orationem habuit luculentam atque utilem rei publicae, quam postea scriptam edidit.

洛：Then the consul Marcus Tullius, either fearing his presence or carried away by indignation, delivered a brilliant speech of great service to the state, which he later wrote out and published.

試：Then Marcus Tullius the consul, whether fearing his presence or impassioned with wrath, made a brilliant and useful oration for the state which he published as written afterwards.

思考：

1. 分詞timens支配賓格praesentiam。

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31.7 [Sed ubi ille adsedit], Catilina, [ut erat paratus ad dissimulanda omnia], [demisso voltu], [voce supplici] postulare a patribus coepit {ne quid de se temere crederent: ea familia ortum, ita se ab adulescentia vitam instituisse ut omnia bona in spe haberet}; {ne existumarent {sibi, patricio homini, cuius ipsius atque maiorum pluruma beneficia in plebem Romanam essent, perdita re publica opus esse}, [cum eam servaret M. Tullius, inquilinus civis urbis Romae]}.

洛：When he took his seat, Catiline, prepared as he was to deny everything, with downcast eyes and pleading accents began to beg the Fathers of the Senate not to believe any unfounded charge against him; he was sprung from such a family, he said, and had so ordered his life from youth up, that he had none save the best of prospects. They must not suppose that he, a patrician, who like his forefathers had rendered great service to the Roman people, would while its saviour was Marcus Tullius, a resident alien in the city of Rome.

試：But when that man sat down, Catiline, as he had been prepared to disguise all things, his expression dismissed, began to denied the fathers with a voice in supplication that they should not blindly believe what about him: risen from that family, thus from youth hr ordered his life that he should have all good things in expectation; there was no need for him, the patrician man, of whom and ancestors the most favour was for Roman people, with the state ruined, when Marcus Tullius, an inhabitant citizen of Rome preserved it.

思考：

1. adsedit的主語(yǔ)ille指西塞羅，商務(wù)印書(shū)館譯本有誤。

2. postulare引出了兩個(gè)目的（實(shí)詞）從句。

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31.8 Ad hoc maledicta alia cum adderet, obstrepere omnes, hostem atque parricidam vocare.

洛：When he would have added other insults, he was shouted down by the whole body, who called him traitor and assassin.

試：When he added other abuses to this, all men interrupted with clamour, called him enemy and murderer of parent.

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31.9 Tum ille furibundus: "Quoniam quidem circumventus", inquit, "ab inimicis praeceps agor, incendium meum ruina restinguam."

洛：Then in a transport of fury he cried:"Since I am brought to bay by my enemies and driven desperate, I will put out my fire by general devastation.”

試：Than that mad man, “Since I am indeed surrounded,”?he said, “am driven headlong by my enemies, I shall extinguish my fire with destruction.”

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段落大意 (31)：

將要到來(lái)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使羅馬城中的每個(gè)人陷入了懷疑與恐懼。而喀提林則無(wú)所顧忌地來(lái)到元老院，試圖為自己開(kāi)脫。在聽(tīng)到西塞羅慷慨激昂的演講與喀提林無(wú)力的狡辯后，元老們紛紛譴責(zé)喀提林，而后者則撕破偽裝，公然宣布要訴諸暴力。

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32.1 Deinde se ex curia domum proripuit. Ibi multa ipse secum (volvens), [quod neque insidiae consuli procedebant et ab incendio intellegebat urbem vigiliis munitam], (optumum factu) credens {exercitum augere} ac, [prius quam legiones scriberentur], {multa antecapere (quae bello usui forent)}), nocte intempesta cum paucis in Manliana castra profectus est.

洛：With this he rushed from the senate-house and went home. There after thinking long upon the situation, since his designs upon the consul made no headway and he perceived that the city was protected against fires by watchmen, believing it best to increase the size of his army and secure many of the necessities of war before the legions were enrolled, he left for the camp of Manlius with a few followers in the dead of night.

試：Then he hurried himself to home away from curia. There, revolving many things with himself in mind, because the plots to consul didn’t succeed and from the fire he realize the city protected by watches, believing that the best to do was to enlarge his army and, before legions were enlisted, to provide many things which should be useful to war, in the dead of night he set out with a few men into Manlius’?camp.

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32.2 Sed Cethego atque Lentulo ceterisque, quorum cognoverat promptam audaciam, mandat, quibus rebus possent, opes factionis confirment, insidias consuli maturent, caedem, incendia aliaque belli facinora parent: sese prope diem cum magno exercitu ad urbem accessurum.

洛：However, he instructed Cethegus, Lentulus, and the others whose reckless daring he knew to be ready for anything, to add to the strength of their cabal by whatever means they could, to bring the plots against the consul to a head, to make ready murder, arson, and the other horrors of war; as for himself, he would shortly be at the gates with a large army.

試：But to Cethgus, Lentulus and the rest men, of whom he had known evident audacity, he ordered that by the ways with which they could be able, they should reinforce the power of their party, hasten the plots to consul, prepare murder, fires and other actions of war: near the day he should approach to the city with a great army.

思考：

1. quibus....possent筆者傾向于將其理解為特征關(guān)系從句（詞序是rebus quibus possent可能更好理解）。洛譯的處理是直觀的，試譯嘗試去保留其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

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32.3 Dum haec Romae geruntur, C. Manlius ex suo numero legatos ad Marcium Regem mittit cum mandatis huiusce modi:

洛：While this was going on at Rome, Gaius Manlius sent a delegation from his army to Marcius Rex with this message:

試：When these things were conducted in Rome, Gaius Manlius sent deputies from his own troop to Marcius Rex with an order of this kind:

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段落大意 (32)：

喀提林匆忙從元老院跑回家后，他決定首先要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大軍隊(duì)，籌備戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，同時(shí)也應(yīng)盡可能地開(kāi)展羅馬城內(nèi)的刺殺與破壞行動(dòng)。與此同時(shí)，曼利烏斯向瑪爾奇烏斯·列克斯派出使團(tuán)，說(shuō)明了他們的訴求。