正文翻譯

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：徐晃同學(xué)下盤并不穩(wěn) 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處

In the spring of 2018, thousands of public school teachers walked out of their classrooms in a half-dozen states, protesting low salaries, rising class sizes and cuts to school budgets that have prompted most teachers to buy their own classroom supplies.

2018年春天，六個(gè)州的數(shù)千名公立學(xué)校教師走出教室，抗議低工資、班級(jí)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大和學(xué)校預(yù)算削減，這些都促使大多數(shù)教師購(gòu)買自己的教室用品。

Additional strikes followed in 2019 in Los Angeles, Denver and Oakland. While these walkouts, which enjoyed much public support, were about more than teacher pay, stagnant teacher salaries were central issues.

2019年，洛杉磯、丹佛和奧克蘭發(fā)生了更多罷工。盡管這些得到公眾廣泛支持的罷工不僅僅是關(guān)于教師工資，但教師工資停滯不前卻是核心問(wèn)題。

And political leaders have taken notice. For example, presidential hopeful Sen. Kamala Harris, a Democrat from California, has made boosting teacher salaries a part of her campaign. Her plan would allocate US$315 billion in federal funding over the next decade to increase pay for public school teachers and reward state and local governments for raising pay even higher, with the goal of eventually boosting teacher pay by an average of $13,500 per person. The proposal, which has been hailed as “the largest investment in teachers in American history” and criticized as a pitch for teacher union endorsements, would be paid for by as-yet unspecified increases in the estate tax.

政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)注意到了這一點(diǎn)。例如，加州民主黨參議員、總統(tǒng)候選人卡瑪拉哈里斯就把提高教師工資作為競(jìng)選活動(dòng)的一部分。她的計(jì)劃將在未來(lái)10年撥付3150億美元的聯(lián)邦資金，用于提高公立學(xué)校教師的工資，并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)州和地方政府提高教師工資，最終目標(biāo)是提高教師工資平均每人13500美元。該提議被譽(yù)為“美國(guó)歷史上對(duì)教師的最大投資”，并被批評(píng)為爭(zhēng)取教師工會(huì)的支持。

From my standpoint as an expert on
educational leadership and policy and as former assistant state superintendent for research and policy in the Michigan Department of Education, I see teachers as the most important resource in schools. Teachers’ impact on students persists into adulthood. Recruiting and retaining high-quality teachers in the nation’s public schools requires good working conditions, including competent and supportive leadership and a collegial environment. But pay matters.

作為一名教育領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和政策專家，以及前密歇根州教育部負(fù)責(zé)研究和政策的州長(zhǎng)助理，我認(rèn)為教師是學(xué)校最重要的資源。教師對(duì)學(xué)生的影響一直持續(xù)到他們成年。在全國(guó)公立學(xué)校招聘和留住高素質(zhì)教師需要良好的工作條件，包括有能力和支持性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及學(xué)術(shù)性環(huán)境。但是工資很重要。

Teacher salaries decline over time

教師的工資隨著時(shí)間的推移而下降

Classroom teaching has never been a path to riches and, perhaps more than other professionals, teachers view their work more as a calling than as a way to make a good living. Still, teaching must compete with other occupations for talent. So how does teacher pay compare with the pay of other professions that require a similar education? By this comparison, teacher pay has been eroding for decades.

課堂教學(xué)從來(lái)就不是一條致富之路，或許與其他專業(yè)人士相比，教師更多地把他們的工作視為一種使命，而不是一種過(guò)上好日子的方式。然而，教學(xué)必須與其他職業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)才能。那么，與其他需要類似教育背景的職業(yè)相比，教師的薪酬如何呢?相比之下，教師的工資幾十年來(lái)一直在下降。

According to an Economic Policy Institute study, the teacher “wage penalty” – how much less teachers make than comparable workers – grew from 5.5% in 1979 to a record 18.7% in 2017.

經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究所的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，教師的“工資處罰”——教師的工資比同類工人少多少——從1979年的5.5%升至2017年創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的18.7%。

Teacher wage gaps vary widely from state to state, but in no state does teacher pay equal or exceed pay for other college graduates. And it’s no coincidence that the four states with the largest gaps – Arizona, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Colorado – saw teacher protests in 2018. In some states, teacher salaries have been so low that teachers have qualified for public assistance.

教師工資差距因州而異，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)州的教師工資與其他大學(xué)畢業(yè)生持平或超過(guò)。而差距最大的四個(gè)州——亞利桑那州、北卡羅來(lái)納州、俄克拉荷馬州和科羅拉多州——在2018年遭遇了教師抗議，這并非巧合。在一些州，教師的工資如此之低，以至于教師有資格獲得公共援助。

Fair comparisons?

是公平的比較嗎?

How can teachers’ earnings be compared to those of non-teachers when teachers get summers off? The answer: Compare weekly wages. For example, a public school teacher in the U.S. with a bachelor’s degree earned an average of $980 per week between 2013 and 2017, while a comparable non-teaching college graduate averaged $1,326.

當(dāng)教師放暑假時(shí)，教師的收入如何與非教師相比?答案是：比較一下周薪。例如，2013年至2017年，美國(guó)一名擁有學(xué)士學(xué)位的公立學(xué)校教師的平均周薪為980美元，而同等學(xué)歷的非教學(xué)類大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的平均周薪為1326美元。

Some may argue that teachers, on average, work fewer hours per week than other college graduates. However, a leading teachers’ union says that teachers often work longer than their contracted work day.

有些人可能會(huì)說(shuō)，老師平均每周工作的時(shí)間比其他大學(xué)畢業(yè)生少。然而，一個(gè)主要的教師工會(huì)表示，教師的工作時(shí)間通常比他們的合同規(guī)定的工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。

What about teacher benefits? Instead of pay raises, are school districts giving their teachers generous benefit packages? No. While teacher benefits have accounted for a rising share of their total compensation as salaries have stalled and constitute a bigger share as compared with other professionals, this “benefit advantage” only partially offsets the teacher wage penalty.

教師福利呢?學(xué)區(qū)是否給予教師慷慨的福利待遇，而不是加薪?并不會(huì)。雖然教師福利在他們的總薪酬中所占的比例在不斷上升，因?yàn)楣べY停滯不前，與其他專業(yè)人士相比，教師福利所占的比例更大，但這種“福利優(yōu)勢(shì)”只能部分抵消教師工資的損失。

Even teacher pension plans, often criticized as overly generous and costly to taxpayers, are now found to be inadequate in many states. In Massachusetts, for instance, teacher contributions to pensions plans will actually exceed their benefits no matter how long they stay in teaching.

甚至教師退休金計(jì)劃，經(jīng)常被批評(píng)為過(guò)于慷慨并且對(duì)于納稅人花費(fèi)過(guò)多，現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)在許多州是不夠的。例如，在馬薩諸塞州，教師對(duì)養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的貢獻(xiàn)實(shí)際上將超過(guò)他們的福利，無(wú)論他們?cè)诮處煃徫簧洗舳嗑谩?br/>
In 39 states, the average teacher salary declined 2010 and 2016 when you take inflation into account. And these declines were not the result of teacher turnover, with retiring and relatively well-paid baby boomers being replaced by entry-level millennials. A 2018 Brookings study found that teachers were more qualified in 2016 than in 2007. Teachers were older and more educated, with greater proportions holding master’s and doctoral degrees, the Brookings study found.

在39個(gè)州，如果將通貨膨脹因素考慮在內(nèi)，教師的平均工資在2010年和2016年有所下降。這些下降并不是教師流失的結(jié)果，退休和相對(duì)高薪的嬰兒潮一代被入門級(jí)的千禧一代所取代。2018年布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，2016年教師的資質(zhì)比2007年更高。布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，教師年齡更大，受教育程度更高，擁有碩士和博士學(xué)位的比例更高。

The pay gap gives rise to teacher shortages. These shortages do not show up as actual vacancies or empty classrooms. Rather, they appear as underqualified teachers – that is, more positions filled by teachers lacking full credentials and holding only temporary or “emergency” licenses. Shortages in math and science have been a chronic problem for public schools, as non-teaching options have been much more lucrative for candidates in these fields.

工資差距導(dǎo)致教師短缺。這些短缺并不表現(xiàn)為實(shí)際的空置或教室空置。相反，他們看起來(lái)是不合格的教師——也就是說(shuō)，更多的職位是由沒(méi)有完全資格證書、只持有臨時(shí)或“緊急”執(zhí)照的教師擔(dān)任的。數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的短缺一直是公立學(xué)校的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榉墙虒W(xué)選擇對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的候選人來(lái)說(shuō)更有利可圖。

Solving the teacher shortage problem, which afflicts every state to varying degrees, will require more than boosting teacher pay across the board. It will also take improving teachers’ working conditions, giving them more manageable class sizes and adding more support staff, such as psychologists, social workers, nurses and librarians. It will also take safe, well-maintained facilities and skilled principals who create the kind of school environments that make teachers want to stay.

教師短缺問(wèn)題在不同程度上困擾著每個(gè)州，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要的不僅僅是全面提高教師工資。這還需要改善教師的工作條件，為他們提供更易于管理的班級(jí)規(guī)模，并增加更多的支持人員，如心理學(xué)家、社會(huì)工作者、護(hù)士和圖書館員。它還需要安全、維護(hù)良好的設(shè)施和技術(shù)嫻熟的校長(zhǎng)，他們創(chuàng)造了一種讓教師愿意留下來(lái)的學(xué)校環(huán)境。

評(píng)論翻譯

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：徐晃同學(xué)下盤并不穩(wěn) 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處


Noah Jacobson-Goodhue
While I fully support teachers earning a living wage and being compensated for the very important work they do in shaping the future of our children, I am concerned about inequities I see in a related field. Mental health clinicians who often work in schools (and certainly collaborate frequently) do not generally enjoy the same wage and benefits afforded their teacher colleagues. I am a clinical social worker with a school endorsement and have seen first-hand the relative inequities.

盡管我全力支持教師們賺取基本生活工資，并為他們?cè)谒茉煳覀兒⒆游磥?lái)方面所做的非常重要的工作獲得報(bào)酬，但我對(duì)我在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域看到的不公平現(xiàn)象感到擔(dān)憂。經(jīng)常在學(xué)校工作(當(dāng)然也經(jīng)常合作)的精神衛(wèi)生臨床醫(yī)生通常享受不到與他們的老師同事相同的工資和福利。我是一名得到學(xué)校認(rèn)可的臨床社會(huì)工作者，親眼目睹了相關(guān)的不公平現(xiàn)象。

International tests of school-age kids PISA, PIRLS, and TIMSS, show American kids’ performance has also slightly declined in the same period, while kids in Finland, Vietnam, Thailand, and Estonia continuously improve.
Oh, I wonder if these things are related?

國(guó)際上對(duì)學(xué)齡兒童進(jìn)行的PISA、PIRLS和TIMSS測(cè)試顯示，同期美國(guó)兒童的表現(xiàn)也略有下降，而芬蘭、越南、泰國(guó)和愛(ài)沙尼亞的兒童則在不斷提高。
哦，我想知道這些事情是否相關(guān)?
(注：SAT是由美國(guó)大學(xué)委員會(huì)主辦的一場(chǎng)考試，其成績(jī)是世界各國(guó)高中生申請(qǐng)美國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)資格及獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的重要參考，它和ACT都被稱為美國(guó)高考）

Jon Bayley（回復(fù)樓上）
I was a senior in 1979 and our teachers had just begun to organize. A strong union was probably the reason for wage growth. I can’t speak directly to the SAT scores but tests are just one layer of how well a student should be uated.
One other factor, parents. Parents who value education and take the time to support their cild’s education are able to get those students to a higher level of achievement.

1979年，我是一名大四學(xué)生，那時(shí)我們的老師剛剛開始組織活動(dòng)。一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的教師工會(huì)可能是教師工資增長(zhǎng)的原因。我不能直接說(shuō)這與SAT成績(jī)掛鉤，但考試只是衡量一個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)得到怎樣評(píng)價(jià)的一個(gè)層面。
還有一個(gè)因素，父母。重視教育并花時(shí)間支持他們的兒童教育的父母，能夠讓這些學(xué)生取得更高水平的成就。

Jon Bayley
How can teachers’ earnings be compared to those of non-teachers when teachers get summers off?
Ah yes, the “summers off” mentality. Well being married to a teacher, I can say I used to have this feeling of “they only work 9 months a year”. But having witnessed how many hours my wife puts in during the school year, those summers off are well-deserved.

當(dāng)教師放暑假時(shí)，教師的收入如何與非教師相比?
哦是的，“暑假休息”心態(tài)。我和一名老師結(jié)婚了，我曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的感覺(jué):“他們一年只工作9個(gè)月”。但是，我親眼目睹我妻子在學(xué)年里花了多少時(shí)間后，那些暑假是值得的。

The article above also does not even discuss health benefits. Health benefits ought to be counted as income, but they are not. This also comes into play when comparing with other professions. How does a job with $36K for 9 months and 95% of health benefits paid compare to a job at $50K salary with only two or three weeks off and a 25% employee contribution to health insurance that only covers the individual?
It’s fine to talk about teachers compensation and whether they are appropriate. But this particular column does not fairly, accurately, or completely cover the subject. This piece looks a lot more like advocacy than “news.”

上面的文章甚至沒(méi)有討論健康益處。健康福利應(yīng)該被算作收入，但事實(shí)并非如此。與其他職業(yè)相比，這一點(diǎn)也很重要。一份9個(gè)月3.6萬(wàn)美元、并支付95%健康福利的工作，與一份只有兩三周假期、只為個(gè)人支付25%醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的5萬(wàn)美元薪水的工作相比如何呢?
討論教師的報(bào)酬和其是否合適是可以的。但這篇專欄文章并沒(méi)有完全、準(zhǔn)確地涵蓋這個(gè)主題。這篇文章看起來(lái)更像是宣傳而不是“新聞”。