定語從句
定義:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句
例:1.Do you know the man who/that ia staying over there?
2.The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan.
3.Did you see the pen that/which I lost yesterday?
先行詞:定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞(有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)
關(guān)系詞的作用:
(1).引導(dǎo)定語從句
(2).代替先行詞
(3).在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分
注:關(guān)系詞不可重復(fù)指代,句子中只能有一個關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系代詞:as,that,which,who,whom,whose
關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why
關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句中間起聯(lián)系的作用,同時作定語從句的一個成分
寫題技巧:先確定先行詞,再代入后面先行詞的成分,再確定關(guān)系詞
例:
4.He told me the date when/on which he joined the League.
5.The place where/in which he lives is far away from here.
6.Can you tell me the reason why/for which you are late?
小結(jié):
指人的代詞:
主語(主謂一致)that/who
賓語(可省略)that/who(m)
定whose
指物的代詞:
主語(主謂一致)that/which
賓語(可省略)that/which
定whose
關(guān)系副詞用法小結(jié):
when:表示時間,做時間狀語
where:表示地點,做地點狀語
why:表示原因,做原因狀語
關(guān)系代詞which與whom除了在定語從句中做及物動詞的賓語外,還可以做介詞的賓語,在做介詞的賓語時,可以和介詞一起放在整個定語從句的前面(此時關(guān)系代詞不可省略),為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟先行詞也可以把介詞放在相關(guān)動詞的后面,這種從句叫做帶介詞的定語從句
例:That is the room in which I live.=That is the room that I live in.
注:當(dāng)先行詞表示地點或時間名詞時,關(guān)系詞的選用要根據(jù)其在句子中的作用決定,如果關(guān)系詞在句中做狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞,若做主語或賓語,則用關(guān)系副詞
注:如果關(guān)系代詞做含有介詞的動詞短語的賓語,此時動詞短語不拆開,介詞仍放在動詞后面,若有固定短語,不可拆開
例:
錯誤:This is the pen for which I am looking.
正確:This is the pen which I am looking for.
特殊情況:
先行詞是that,不用which情況:
(1).先行詞中有不定代詞或與其相關(guān)(被其修飾)
(2).先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高詞最高級修飾
(3).先行詞被the only,the very,the very,the same,the last修飾時
(4).當(dāng)定語從句修飾用兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞的時候
(5).當(dāng)主語是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時,為了避免重復(fù),一般用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句
(6).當(dāng)一個句子有兩個定語從句時,且其中一個已經(jīng)用了which
例:We bought a present which they made themselves that had never been seen before.
(7).在here be或there be結(jié)構(gòu)開頭的句子中,多用that
例:Here's the book that you want.
只用which:
(1).介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前
例:The city in which she lives is far away.
the city which /that she lives in is far away
(2).引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
例:He failed in the exam.which made his parents.
as(可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句)(做關(guān)系代詞)
as在定語從句中做主語,賓語或表語。as常用于the same...as,such...as,as...as與so...as結(jié)構(gòu)中。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式
例:I have never seen such a lazy man as you .(are)
非限制性定語從句的一些問題
指物時,用which而不用that
指人時主格用who,賓格用whom,物主格用whose
關(guān)系副詞when(指時間)where(指地點)也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
介詞加關(guān)系代詞常??梢砸龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句
例:He was one of the students who were praised for it(who指代the students)他是唯一被表揚的學(xué)生
He was the only one of the students who was praised for it(who代指the only one)
常見錯誤分析:
(1).定語從句中代詞或狀語與關(guān)系詞重復(fù)
(2).介詞誤用
(3).關(guān)系詞省略錯誤
(4).定語從句與強調(diào)句型弄混 作者:午茶Official https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv9714704?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0 出處:bilibili
定語從句的評論 (共 條)
