Unit1 1、whereby; 2. Pursuit; 3. Inhibit; 4. Maintain; 5. Patriotic; 6. Transcended; 7.endeavors; 8. Dedication; 9. Prestige; 10.nominate 1. Most cities in the country have introduced（引進(jìn)） "Clean Air Zones" whereby（憑此；借以） factories（工廠） and households （家庭）are only allowed to burn（燃燒） smokeless fuel（無煙燃料）. 中國的大多數(shù)城市都設(shè)立了“清潔空氣區(qū)”，工廠和家庭只能使用無煙燃料。 2. He knows that the pursuit（n. 追求） of social status（地位） can consume（vt. 消耗） vast amounts of his time and effort（努力）. 他知道追求社會地位會耗費(fèi)他大量的時間和精力 3. The doctors are at a loss because so far（到目前為止，迄今為止） no medicine（藥物） has been found to inhibit the spread（傳播） of the disease（疾?。? 醫(yī)生們不知所措，因?yàn)榈侥壳盀橹惯€沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)能抑制疾病傳播的藥物。 4. We see many Special education directors（導(dǎo)演，主管，董事長） trying to maintain（維持）the quality（質(zhì)量） of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff（職員）. 我們看到許多特殊教育主管試圖用更少的錢和更少的員工來維持他們項(xiàng)目的質(zhì)量。 5. People there are told it is their patriotic（愛國的）duty（責(zé)任） to support the national economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)） by buying their own products. 人們被告知，通過購買自己的產(chǎn)品來支持國家經(jīng)濟(jì)是他們的愛國義務(wù)。 6. Darwin's thinking both drew upon（總結(jié)） and transcended（超越）the conventional（傳統(tǒng)的） ideas of his time. 達(dá)爾文的思想既借鑒又超越了他那個時代的傳統(tǒng)思想。 7. In spite of（盡管）all your endeavor（努力）, there may be times when you encounter （遭遇）difficulties in the training（培訓(xùn)） process. 盡管你做了很多努力，但在培訓(xùn)過程中你可能會遇到困難。 8. My advice to Mr. Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career（生涯；職業(yè)） in medicine, as this is a field（領(lǐng)域） which requires（需要） a lot of dedication（奉獻(xiàn)）and long working hours. 我給Stewart先生的建議是在進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域之前仔細(xì)考慮一下，因?yàn)檫@是一個需要大量奉獻(xiàn)和長時間工作的領(lǐng)域。 9. Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions（職業(yè)） that are stable（穩(wěn)定） and could bring prestige（聲望）and economic benefits. 大多數(shù)中國父母更愿意選擇一些穩(wěn)定、能帶來聲望和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的職業(yè)。 10. It is legally（adv. 合法地；法律上） possible for an elderly （adj. 上了年紀(jì)的；過了中年的；稍老的）person to nominate（vt. 推薦；提名；任命；指定） someone to act for them, should they become incapable（沒有能力的） of looking after themselves. 在法律上，如果一個老人沒有能力照顧自己，他就有可能提名一個人來為他們做事。 1. removed from; 2. Failed in; 3. in the pursuit of; 4. deviated from; 5. precludes, from; 6. triumph over; 7. work their way into; 8. written off 1. When Francis got back after Easter, he was far behind（被拋在后面） his classmates and he was removed from（被移除）the second into the third class at this own desire（要求）. 當(dāng)弗朗西斯在復(fù)活節(jié)后回來的時候，他遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于他的同學(xué)，他被按照自己的意愿從二等升到了三等。 2. The president acknowledged（v. 承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)） that he had somehow failed in（失?。﹉is ability to communicate to the American people. 總統(tǒng)承認(rèn)他在與美國人民溝通的能力上有些失敗 3. Unfortunately, as history has shown, some of the companies （n. 公司，企業(yè)；伙伴）are guilty （adj. 有罪的；內(nèi)疚的）of misconduct in thepursuit of（為了追求）profit（利潤）. 不幸的是，正如歷史證明的那樣，一些公司在追求利潤時存在不當(dāng)行為。 4. The ship deviated from（偏離）the agreed voyage（航線） and arrived about 10 days late and in the meantime（與此同時） the price of sugar（糖） had fallen（v. 落下；跌倒） and the merchants（商人） lost over $4000. 船偏離同意航行并且遲到了10天左右,在此期間糖的價格下降，商人損失了超過4000美元 5. Because the transcript（n. 成績單；抄本，副本；文字記錄） is still under seal（蓋上公章）, the law precludes them from reading and discussing the evidence（證據(jù)） in detail. 因?yàn)檫@份筆錄還蓋章，法律禁止他們詳細(xì)閱讀和討論證據(jù) 6. In carrying out（執(zhí)行） the plan we are likely to come across（v. 偶遇；無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)）difficulties, but we are determined（堅決的） to（下定決心）triumph over （擊敗）them all. 在執(zhí)行計劃時，我們很可能遇到困難，但我們決心要戰(zhàn)勝它們。 7. Without increasing investment（n. 投資；投入） in education, it will be increasingly （adv. 越來越多地；漸增地）difficult for low-income people to work their way into the middle class（中產(chǎn)階級）. 如果不加大對教育的投資，低收入人群進(jìn)入中產(chǎn)階級的難度將越來越大。 8. All the passengers（乘客） in the plane that crashed（墜毀） in the middle of the Andes Mountains a week ago were written off（被認(rèn)為） as dead（死亡）. 一周前在安德斯山中部墜毀的飛機(jī)上的所有乘客都被認(rèn)定已經(jīng)死亡。 Unit2 1. intervene; 2. underestimate; 3. recede; ;4. deem; 5. bleak; 6. appraise; 7. paralyzed; 8. symptoms; 9. dismay; 10. brink 1. Kids are more likely to intervene（干涉，介入） in a situation if they believe their parents expect（期望） them to help. 如果孩子們相信他們的父母希望他們幫忙，他們更有可能介入。 2. The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to underestimate（vt. 低估；看輕）degree of difficulty（難度系數(shù)） I would face in career advancement.（進(jìn)步，發(fā)展） 作為公司的新人，我學(xué)到的第一課就是永遠(yuǎn)不要低估自己在職業(yè)發(fā)展中所面臨的困難。 3. Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well（恢復(fù)健康）, the illness（疾病） began to recede.（減弱） 就在我開始認(rèn)為我永遠(yuǎn)不會康復(fù)的時候，疾病開始消退 4. Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I deem（認(rèn)為）it a great honor（榮譽(yù)） if I could study in your department. 無論決定是什么，我希望你知道你的部門是我的首選，如果我能在你的部門學(xué)習(xí)，我將感到非常榮幸 5. During one particularly（其中特別）bleak（荒涼的、暗淡的） moment（時刻） in my career, a senior colleague（同事） of mine（我的） said to me, "If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you'll lose your dreams." 在我職業(yè)生涯中一個特別黯淡的時刻，我的一位高級同事對我說，“如果你追逐夢想，錢就會來?！备X走，你就會失去夢想 6. Unless we can find a way to appraise（評價、評估）nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse（坍塌）. 除非我們能找到一種評估自然并投資保護(hù)自然的方法，否則我們的基本生命維持系統(tǒng)將會崩潰。 7. The blizzard（暴風(fēng)雪） moved south , turning into（轉(zhuǎn)變成） an icy（冰冷的） rain that paralyze（使癱瘓） the airports for three days. 暴風(fēng)雪向南移動，變成了一場冰冷的雨，使機(jī)場癱瘓了三天。 8. In this introduction we have diagnosed（被診斷為） some of the causes （原因）of the illness and, in the following chapters（下一章） , we will draw attention to（吸引對……的注意力） its various（adj. 各種各樣的；多方面的） unpleasant symptoms.（癥狀） 在這篇介紹中，我們已經(jīng)診斷出了一些致病的原因，在接下來的章節(jié)中，我們將注意到它的各種不愉快的癥狀。 9. In those days, divorce（離婚）under any circumstances（在任何情況下；無論如何）was socially unacceptable （adj. 不能接受的；不受歡迎的）and there was great dismay（沮喪）in the family who went through it（經(jīng)歷過這些）. 在那些日子里，任何情況下的離婚在社會上都是不可接受的，這讓經(jīng)歷過這一切的家庭非常沮喪。 10. Every time she talked about being rejected（拒絕） in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the brink（邊緣） of tears（淚水）, and I would quickly switch（轉(zhuǎn)換） the conversation（交談） to another topic. 每次她說自己在找工作時被拒絕時，她似乎都快哭出來了，我很快就把話題轉(zhuǎn)到另一個話題上。 1. pulled to a stop; 2. black out; 3. pop up; 4. stopped short; 5. plowed through; 6. threw himself into; 7. let yourself go; 8. grabbed for 1. When the bus pulled to a stop（停下） and I got off（下車）, I was relieved（如釋重負(fù)） because I had finished school and I had the weekend ahead of（在，，之前） me to enjoy myself. 當(dāng)公共汽車停了下來，我下了車，我如釋重負(fù)，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)完成了學(xué)業(yè)，而且我還有一個周末要去享受。 2. When my car crashed（撞上） into the big tree, I could feel the blood draining from my face and I wondered whether I was about to black out.（中斷，昏迷） 當(dāng)我的車撞到那棵大樹時，我能感覺到臉上的血在流，我不知道自己是不是要昏過去了。 3. All kinds of questions concerning（涉及） the soaring housing price（房價飆升） begin to pop up（突然出現(xiàn)）on cable television and the blogosphere (博客圈). 各種各樣的問題關(guān)于飛漲的房價開始出現(xiàn)在有線電視和博客圈(博客圈) 4. The soldiers' rapid（快速行軍） march was stopped short（打斷） by the general's command;（將軍的指令）they were uncertain whether to go back or forward（沖鋒）. 士兵們的快速行軍被將軍的命令打斷了。他們不知道是后退還是前進(jìn)。 5. A car crashed into the side of a house after the driver lost control and plowed through（費(fèi)力的通過）a hedge (樹籬). 一輛車撞到一所房子的側(cè)面后司機(jī)失去控制,費(fèi)力的通過樹籬。 6. Charles reappeared(再出現(xiàn)), after half an hour's absence（缺席）, and threw himself into（撲向）an armchair, where he lay back for some time with his eyes shut. 查爾斯離開半個小時后又出現(xiàn)了，他撲到一把扶手椅上，閉著眼睛躺了一會兒。 7. No special equipment is needed other than inspiring（鼓舞人心）, motivating（激勵的） music that you can dance passionately to and let yourself go.（放松自己） 沒有什么特別的設(shè)備是需要的，除了鼓舞人心的音樂，你可以激情地跳舞，放松自己。 8. As her door began to open , she grabbed for（抓住）the telephone, and then dropped（放下） the receiver（聽筒） as Luke walked in. 當(dāng)她的門再次打開時，她抓起電話，然后在盧克走進(jìn)去的時候把聽筒放下。 Unit3 1. integral; 2. cherish; 3. afflicted ; 4. noteworthy; 5. portray; 6. compliment; 7. domain; 8. anonymous; 9. conscientious; 10. perpetual 1. As a number of authors point out（指出，指明）, the urge （n. 強(qiáng)烈的欲望）to migrate（移民） is a(n)integral（部分）part of human nature. 正如許多作者指出的那樣，移民的沖動是人性不可分割的一部分 2. Children should be allowed tocherish（珍愛） those few years of innocence（天真） before they real world have to learn the truth about the real world. 應(yīng)該讓孩子們珍惜這幾年的純真，然后他們才能真正了解現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的真相。 3. He has been afflicted（折磨）by a horrible（可怕的） disease, from Which one of his best friends died two weeks ago. 他患有一種可怕的疾病，兩周前他最好的一個朋友死于這種疾病。 4. The results of the survey are noteworthy（adj. 值得注意的；顯著的） and useful despite（盡管） being from a small sample. 這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的結(jié)果是值得注意的和有用的，盡管是從一個小樣本 5. The director said that they needed a young actress（女演員） who could portray（扮演） someone who was both unbalanced and confident at the same time. 導(dǎo)演說他們需要一個年輕的女演員來扮演一個既不平衡又自信的人。 6. Praise（表揚(yáng)，稱贊） must be used wisely（明智地） to compliment（稱贊）students who perform （vt. 執(zhí)行；）up to expectations（期望） and to encourage students to perform to maximum level. 表揚(yáng)必須被明智地用來贊揚(yáng)那些表現(xiàn)達(dá)到期望的學(xué)生，并鼓勵學(xué)生發(fā)揮到最高水平。 7. In the domain（領(lǐng)域）of research, it is an accepted（公認(rèn)） fact that scientific publications（出版物） have to be written or translated into English to get published（出版）, acknowledged, and cited（引用）. 在研究領(lǐng)域，一個公認(rèn)的事實(shí)是，科學(xué)出版物必須被書寫或翻譯成英語才能出版、承認(rèn)和引用。 8. He received a(n) anonymous（匿名的）call threatening（恐嚇） to disclose（公開） details （細(xì)節(jié)）of his affair（私事） if he didn't pay the money. 他收到了一個匿名電話威脅披露他的細(xì)節(jié)如果他不支付這筆錢。 9. The movie presents Lincoln as a strong-willed, conscientious （盡責(zé)的）man who led the US through a moral, constitutional（憲法的） and political（政治的） crisis（危機(jī)）. 這部電影把林肯描繪成一個意志堅強(qiáng)、盡職盡責(zé)的人，帶領(lǐng)美國度過了一場道德、憲法和政治危機(jī) 10. It is understandable that the health and welfare（福利） of their family is a(n) perpetual（永久的）concern for this young couple. 可以理解，他們家庭的健康和福利是這對年輕夫婦永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)心的問題 1. embark on 2. be deprived of; 3. turn down; 4. taken captive; 5.live on; 6. share in; 7. was stricken by; 8. led by example 1. Clearly, most of the students there are full time workers（全職工） who would not otherwise （另外的）have sustained （維持）been able to embark on（從事）sustained further study. 顯然，那里的大多數(shù)學(xué)生都是全職工作者，否則他們無法繼續(xù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)的深造。 2. The court（法院） ruled that this man be deprived of（被剝奪） his political rights for a further four years after he has served（服役） his 13-year sentence（判決）. 法院裁定，在這名男子被判13年徒刑后，他的政治權(quán)利將被剝奪4年。 3. I would love to have kids. I would turn down（拒絕）an Oscar to see my boy at a baseball game or my girl at a song recital（演唱）. 我喜歡孩子。我會拒絕奧斯卡獎去看我的兒子在棒球比賽或我的女孩在歌曲獨(dú)奏會上。 4. Richard was finally released（釋放） on February 4, one year and six weeks after he'd been taken captive（關(guān)押） 理查德最終在2月4日被釋放，一年零六個星期后他被俘虜 5. She hoped Vincent would understand that her life had not been empty（adj. 空的；無意義的；無知的；徒勞的）, because her love would live on（繼續(xù)存在）. 她希望文森特能理解她的生活并不是空虛的，因?yàn)樗膼蹠^續(xù)存在。 6. All people, whether they be rich or poor, strong or weak, privileged（adj. 享有特權(quán)的；有特別恩典的） or deprived（adj. 缺少食物的；缺乏足夠教育的）, are interdependent（adj. 相互依賴的；互助的）, and share in（分擔(dān)） the common task of seeking to（追求） achieve（獲得） mankind's（人類的） full potential（潛能）. 所有人，不論貧富、強(qiáng)弱、貧富、貧富，都是相互依存的，都有實(shí)現(xiàn)人類全部潛力的共同任務(wù)。 7. In September 1944 he was able to（能夠） return to his academic（學(xué)術(shù)的） duties, but soon after the war ended he was stricken by（受災(zāi)，患?。゛ serious（嚴(yán)重的） illness and did relatively little research thereafter (從那以后). 1944年9月，他得以重返學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，但戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后不久，他患上了重病，此后幾乎沒有做過什么研究。 8. She retired from（從…..退休） the company where she has led by example（以身作則） and been a source（源泉，水源） of encouragement to others. 她從她所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的公司退休了，并成為了鼓勵他人的源泉。 Unti4 1.compulsory ; 2. contemplate ; 3. imprisoned; 4. globalize ; 5. offset 6. groan ; 7. stubborn ;? 8.cluster ; 9.ambiguity ; 10.consoled 1. Although secondary（中等的） education is compulsory（必修的）, parents are not required to send their children to state schools（公立學(xué)校）. 雖然中等教育是強(qiáng)制性的，但是父母不需要把孩子送到公立學(xué)校。 2. The economic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的） situation has been worsening（惡化）, causing economists（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著） to contemplate（沉思，注視）whether the present（當(dāng)前的） policies are sustainable. 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢一直在惡化，這讓經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們開始思考當(dāng)前的政策是否具有可持續(xù)性。 3. He was found guilty（被認(rèn)定為有罪） and was imprisoned（囚禁） in the Tower of London, where he died very quickly, aged only 47. 他被判有罪并被囚禁在倫敦塔，在那里他很快死去，年僅47歲。 4. It is obvious that the future of the Internet is to globalize（vt. 使全球化） more and more areas of the world, and that e-commerce(電子商務(wù)) and e-entertainment(電子娛樂) are going to go for more and more markets. 很明顯，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的未來是使世界上越來越多的地區(qū)全球化，電子商務(wù)和電子娛樂將走向越來越多的市場。 5. However, your current（現(xiàn)在的） losses should soon be offset（vt. 抵消；彌補(bǔ)） by gains; the fund（基金） will produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine month period.（n. 周期，期間；時期） 但是，你目前的損失很快就會被收益所抵消;該基金將在九個月內(nèi)產(chǎn)生11.6%的正回報。 6. Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous （adj. 了不起的；非凡的；令人驚異的；不平常的）on her and the other girls would groan their envy. 因?yàn)樗L得又高又瘦，所有的衣服在她身上都很好看，其他的女孩子都會羨慕她。 7. This can be a helpful approach（方法途徑） in discussion- someone may regard（看待） you as stubborn since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined. 這可能是一種有益的討論方式——有人可能認(rèn)為你很固執(zhí)，因?yàn)槟銖膩聿幌敫淖冏约旱南敕ǎ銋s認(rèn)為自己是堅定的。 8. On weekends, the school parking lot is almost empty（空的） except（prep. 除…之外） that a few cluster（vt. 使聚集） cars near the entrance（入口）. 周末的時候，學(xué)校的停車場幾乎空無一人，只有幾輛車停在門口附近。 9. In the photographer's finest（adj. 好的，出色的（fine的最高級）） pictures there is also a degree（程度） of ambiguity（n. 含糊；不明確；曖昧；模棱兩可的話） which allows them to be interpreted （v. 理解；解釋）in a variety of ways. 在攝影師最出色的作品中，也存在一定程度的模糊性，這使得它們可以以多種方式進(jìn)行解釋。 10. Tim stretched out（伸出） a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks（言辭） and was consoled（安慰） by a firm（堅定的） handshake（握手） from Mark. 蒂姆伸出一只手，為自己輕率的言論道歉，馬克堅定的握手安慰了他。 1、Settle for; 2.more often than not; 3.mingled with; 4.traded for; 5.was saturated with; 6.are open to; 7. Endowed with; 8. make up for 1、 Virginia was a perfectionist（完美主義者）. She was just not prepared（準(zhǔn)備） to settle for（無奈接受；勉強(qiáng)同意） anything that was second best. 維吉尼亞是一個完美主義者。她只是不準(zhǔn)備接受任何次等的東西。 2、 He could be quite（adv. 很；相當(dāng)；完全） casual（隨意的） in his attitude to his wife's anxiety（n. 焦慮；渴望）, and more often than not（通常；多半） failed to let her know when he would be back from a business trip（出差）. 對于妻子的焦慮，他的態(tài)度可以相當(dāng)隨意，而且常常會讓她知道他什么時候出差回來。 3、 "You'll kill yourself with those things," Arty said in a tone（語氣） in which disappointment （失望的）was mingled with（混合） disgust（厭惡）. “你會用這些東西自殺的，”亞蒂說，語氣中夾雜著失望和厭惡。 4、 Thanks to modern transportation, agricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的） products in these remote（遙遠(yuǎn)的） mountainous（多山的） regions（地區(qū)） can also be traded for（交易）goods. 由于現(xiàn)代交通，這些偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品也可以用來交換商品 5、 As the market was saturated with（被……所飽和） a wide variety of goods, the economy （經(jīng)濟(jì)）became more balanced and the competition（競爭） forced the prices down. 當(dāng)市場被各種各樣的商品飽和時，經(jīng)濟(jì)變得更加平衡，競爭迫使價格下降。 6、 Going with the flow doesn't mean that we don't know where we're going; it means that we are open to（是開放的）multiple（多重的） ways of getting there. 隨波逐流并不意味著我們不知道我們要去哪里;這意味著我們對實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的多種途徑持開放態(tài)度 7、 The athlete had been endowed with（被賦予） long legs and a persistent（adj. 固執(zhí)的，堅持的；持久穩(wěn)固的） temperament （性格）so he was very successful. 這位運(yùn)動員天生腿長，性情堅韌，所以他很成功。 8、 The wrongly accused man（被告人） asked for extra compensation（賠償） to make up for（補(bǔ)償） the stress he had suffered during the case. 被冤枉的人要求額外的賠償以彌補(bǔ)他在案件中所承受的壓力。 Unit5 1. gauged; 2. dedicate; 3. commonplace; 4. suffice; 5. revenue; 6.simultaneous; 7.incentive; 8.prone; 9. innovations; 10.fostered 1. The general considered all the information that had been gathered （集中）and gauged（v. 測量；判定；校準(zhǔn)）what possible moves the enemy（敵人） might make before issuing （發(fā)布）his orders. 將軍考慮了收集到的所有信息，并在發(fā)布命令之前估計了敵人可能采取的行動。 2. The new president said she would dedicate（vt. 致力；獻(xiàn)身；題獻(xiàn)）herself to protecting the rights（權(quán)利） of the old and the homeless, who are otherwise helpless and vulnerable.（adj. 易受攻擊的，易受…的攻擊；易受傷害的；有弱點(diǎn)的） 新總統(tǒng)說，她將致力于保護(hù)老年人和無家可歸者的權(quán)利，這些人本來就是無助和脆弱的。 3. Cell phone conversations（會話）, which are fairly（相當(dāng)?shù)兀ヽommonplace（常見的）on commuter trains, can be annoying to fellow commuters. 手機(jī)通話在通勤列車上相當(dāng)常見，但對其他通勤者來說可能很煩人。 4. Ask your doctor whether a low-fat diet（飲食） and a daily walk will suffice（足夠） to reduce your high blood pressure. 問問你的醫(yī)生，低脂飲食和每天散步是否足以降低你的高血壓。 5. The revenue（n. 稅收收入；財政收入；收益）from tourism（n. 旅游業(yè)；游覽） is the biggest single contribution to GDP in the Maldives; every year many tourists（游客） from all corners（角落） of the world spend their holidays there. 旅游業(yè)收入是馬爾代夫GDP的最大貢獻(xiàn);每年都有許多來自世界各地的游客在那里度假。 6. Since the beginning of this century, China has built many modern conference（會議） centers with underground（地下的） parking, air-conditioning and simultaneous（adj. 同時的；聯(lián)立的；同時發(fā)生的）translation systems. 自本世紀(jì)初以來，中國建立了許多現(xiàn)代化的會議中心，包括地下停車場、空調(diào)和同聲傳譯系統(tǒng)。 7. While advertising offers a stimulus(刺激) to buy, sales promotion（提升） offers a(n) incentive（動機(jī)）to buy, but consumers must have their own reason to buy. 而廣告提供了一個刺激購買,促銷提供了購買的動機(jī),但消費(fèi)者購買必須有他們自己的理由。 8. In general, smokers living in cities are slightly more prone（adj. 俯臥的；有…傾向的，易于…的）to lung cancer than smokers who are living in the country. 一般來說，住在城市的吸煙者比住在鄉(xiāng)下的吸煙者更容易得肺癌 9. A large proportion（比例） of important innovations（創(chuàng)新，改革） are brought（v. 帶來（bring的過去分詞）） about by people who step outside of conventional（傳統(tǒng)的） categories（類別） or traditional assumptions（假定）. 很大一部分重要的創(chuàng)新是由超越傳統(tǒng)范疇或傳統(tǒng)假設(shè)的人帶來的。 10. The habit of going to coffee houses was fostered（培養(yǎng)）by the city's relatively small size, safe streets, good public transportation, and moderate（溫和的） climate（氣候）. 這個城市相對較小的面積、安全的街道、良好的公共交通和溫和的氣候，養(yǎng)成了去咖啡館的習(xí)慣。 1. correlate with; 2. refrain from; 3. count down; 4. slaving away; 5.coincided with ; 6.contended with; 7. be designated 8. conformed to 1. The results of this experiment do not correlate with（找出一一對應(yīng)的關(guān)系；使…與…發(fā)生關(guān)系）those of the studies that the team of scientists had conducted previously（以前地）. 這個實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果與之前科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊所做的研究并不相關(guān)。 2. It was a moment of overwhelming（adj. 壓倒性的；勢不可擋的） excitement （興奮）when Steve was given the first prize; Tiffany couldn’t refrain from（克制） hugging and kissing him. 那是一個激動人心的時刻，史蒂夫獲得了一等獎;蒂凡尼忍不住擁抱和親吻他。 3. As we count down（倒數(shù)）to tonight's presidential debate, it's time to go over（回顧） the political agendas（議程） which the candidates（候選人） are trying to promote（推進(jìn)）. 當(dāng)我們倒數(shù)到今晚的辯論時，是時候回顧一下兩位候選人試圖推動的政治議程了。 4. she spent the next 10 years taking in washing, slaving away（埋頭苦干）to pay back（償還） the money they had borrowed from the bank. 在接下來的10年里，她負(fù)責(zé)洗衣服，努力償還從銀行借的錢。 5. Indeed, it seems that the upward shift（向上偏移） in the rate of economic growth in the mid-1990s coincided with（與此同時）a sudden（突然的）, substantial（大量的）, and rapid（急速的） decline（下降） in the prices of computers. 的確，上世紀(jì)90年代中期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率的上升似乎與計算機(jī)價格的突然、大幅和快速下降相吻合。 6. As Crawford contended with heartbreak in his private life, his career soared（急增到） to greater heights than he could have ever dreamed of. 當(dāng)克勞福德在他的私人生活中傷心欲絕時，他的職業(yè)生涯達(dá)到了他做夢也想不到的高度。 7. I am assuming（假的） that you have adequate（adj. 充足的；適當(dāng)?shù)模粍偃蔚模?health insurance（保險）, but someone should be designated（指定）successor（繼承者） to take your financial（adj. 金融的；財政的，財務(wù)的） and domestic affairs （家事）if you become unable to cope with（應(yīng)付） them yourself. 我假設(shè)你有足夠的健康保險，但如果你自己無法處理你的財務(wù)和家庭事務(wù)，就應(yīng)該有人指定接替你。 8. Formal consent for this new type of treatment was obtained（v. 獲得） from each patient and the study conformed to（符合）our institution's（制度的） guidelines（指導(dǎo)方針） concerning（關(guān)于） medical ethics(倫理) 正式同意這種新型的治療獲得每個病人和研究符合我們的機(jī)構(gòu)的指導(dǎo)方針有關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)(倫理) Unit6 1. evacuated; 2. stray; 3. diluted; 4. gigantic; 5. standpoint; 6. nutrition; 7. inflicted; 8. pervasive; 9. naive; 10. permeated 1. Much of the city was evacuated（疏散）before the storm but thousands remained, many of whom were trapped by the water for days. 在暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前，這座城市的大部分地區(qū)都已被疏散，但仍有數(shù)千人留在那里，其中許多人被困在水中達(dá)數(shù)天之久。 2. Located in the heart of the city, the Dogs' Home is open seven days a week, .36 S days a year to receive stray（迷路的）dogs. 位于市中心的狗之家每周開放七天，每年有36天接待流浪狗。 3. With the development of modern industries, a lot of traditional values that developed from a farm-based economy have been enormously diluted（稀釋）. 隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展，許多從農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而來的傳統(tǒng)價值被極大地稀釋。 4. There are gigantic changes in environmental conditions from freezing cold to extremely hot, and from dry to very humid. 環(huán)境條件有巨大的變化，從寒冷到極熱，從干燥到非常潮濕。 5. From a practical standpoint, how can you reduce production costs and at the same time minimize the risks involved? 從實(shí)際的角度來看，如何在降低生產(chǎn)成本的同時減少所涉及的風(fēng)險? 6. Child mortality decreased due to improvements in medical care and greater attention to problems related to proper nutrition（n. 營養(yǎng)，營養(yǎng)學(xué)；營養(yǎng)品）. 由于醫(yī)療保健的改善和更多地注意與適當(dāng)營養(yǎng)有關(guān)的問題，兒童死亡率有所下降。 7. The disaster is already set to be the world's worst for ground casualties inflicted by a crashing aircraft. 這場災(zāi)難已經(jīng)成為世界上最嚴(yán)重的地面?zhèn)鍪鹿省? 8. With Spring Festival drawing nearer, people are glowing with happiness, and are full of hope; this excitement is pervasive（adj. 普遍的；到處滲透的；流行的）before New Year's Eve. 隨著春節(jié)的臨近，人們洋溢著幸福，充滿了希望;這種興奮在除夕夜之前是很普遍的。 9. Don't be too naive! If the manager of the car dealership intended to give you the job, he would have called you by now. 不要太天真了!如果汽車經(jīng)銷店的經(jīng)理想給你這份工作，他現(xiàn)在就會給你打電話了。 10. To a large extent, computers have already permeated（彌漫）most aspects of our lives, from transportation and telecommunications to entertainment. 在很大程度上，電腦已經(jīng)滲透到我們生活的方方面面，從交通、電信到娛樂 1. flew at;2. wove her way through; 3. radiated from; 4. conceive of; 5. was lined with; 6. dive into; 7. next to nothing; 8. stayed down 1. Melanie got so upset by what Max had said to her that something inside her exploded, and him and hit him in she flew at a rage. 梅勒妮被麥克斯的話弄得心煩意亂，她心里有什么東西爆炸了，他打了他，她勃然大怒。 2. Barbara left Alice and wove her way through the crowd to the library to avoid a late fee and renew the books she borrowed two months ago. 芭芭拉離開了愛麗絲，在人群中摸索著去圖書館，以避免交滯納金，并為她兩個月前借的書續(xù)借。 3. Happiness radiated from Mary as she proudly told her parents about her remarkable success in achieving her career goals! 當(dāng)瑪麗自豪地告訴她的父母她在實(shí)現(xiàn)事業(yè)目標(biāo)上取得了巨大的成功時，她的幸福感從她身上散發(fā)出來。 4. For people who live in industrialized countries, it is hard to conceive of living without electricity and other modern conveniences. 對于生活在工業(yè)化國家的人來說，很難想象沒有電和其他現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施的生活。 5. The car was lined with steel to protect the occupants from attacks by angry residents, who were strongly against gambling being allowed in their community. 這輛車內(nèi)襯著鋼鐵，以保護(hù)居住者免受憤怒居民的攻擊。憤怒的居民強(qiáng)烈反對在社區(qū)內(nèi)賭博。 6. The boys stood at the shore of the river which was filled with water from the melting snow in the mountains, and they were hesitating to dive into the icy water below them. 孩子們站在河邊，那里滿是山上融化的雪水，他們正猶豫著要不要跳進(jìn)他們下面冰冷的水里。 7. I bought a second-hand pocket English dictionary; it's been very useful and cost me next to nothing. 我買了一本二手的袖珍英語詞典;它非常有用，而且?guī)缀醪换ㄎ乙环皱X。 8. It was a hot and humid night; all the soldiers stayed down out of sight, waiting for the orders to attack. 那是一個濕熱的夜晚;所有的士兵都呆在看不見的地方，等待著進(jìn)攻的命令。 Unit 7 Words in use 1.reclaim 2.spiral 3.termination 4.layoff 5.subsistence 6.comply? 7.donate 8.originate 9.expire 10.spectrum ? ?People donate（捐贈） canned（罐頭的） food and old clothes most frequently, but rarely（很少地） do they think about bringing in underwear?（內(nèi)衣 ）– it's one of the most obvious but overlooked（忽略的） needs of the homeless. 人們捐贈罐頭食品和舊衣服的頻率最高，但很少考慮帶內(nèi)衣——這是無家可歸者最明顯但被忽視的需求之一。 ?Brian Wood watched his financial（財務(wù)的） life spiral（螺旋式的） downward（向下的） just when he thought he had overcome the obstacles（障礙） which had been dominating（v.支配；控制；主導(dǎo)） his past. 布萊恩·伍德（Brian Wood）眼看著自己的財務(wù)生活螺旋式下滑，就在他認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)克服了過去一直占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的障礙時。 3.?They are to leave the house with only their personal possessions（n.個人財產(chǎn)；私人物品）, for （因?yàn)椋﹖hey have got a letter ordering the immediate termination（n.終止；末端） of their occupancy (居住). 他們只能帶著個人物品離開房子，因?yàn)樗麄兪盏搅艘环饷盍⒓唇K止居住的信(居住). 4.?The company was reportedly going bankrupt（破產(chǎn)） and this would result in the layoff （n.解雇；下崗）of thousands of employees（雇員）. 據(jù)報道，該公司即將破產(chǎn)，這將導(dǎo)致數(shù)千名員工下崗。 5.?The princess who was brought up in wealth understood（理解） that many things that are common and everyday to her are unimaginable（難以想象的） luxuries（奢侈） to people on subsistence（勉強(qiáng)維持生活的） wages（工資）. 這位在財富中長大的公主明白，對她來說，日常生活中常見的許多事情，對于靠微薄工資生活的人來說，都是難以想象的奢侈品。 6.?Young students should develop a broad（寬闊的；廣泛的） spectrum（譜；范圍） of interests, which their parents should encourage and support as best as possible. 年輕學(xué)生應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣，他們的父母應(yīng)該盡可能地鼓勵和支持他們。 7.?I asked the waitress（女服務(wù)員） to refill（再裝滿） my coffee cup and she happily complied （遵從；服從）repeatedly until I had consumed enough coffee to stay up all night and study for my exam. 我讓女服務(wù)員給我的咖啡杯重新斟滿，她高興地重復(fù)著，直到我喝了足夠的咖啡，熬夜準(zhǔn)備考試。 8.?Though she lost the title of female world swimming champion last year, she reclaimed（取回；拿回） it this year when she gave it all she could. 雖然去年她失去了世界游泳女冠軍的頭銜，但今年她盡全力奪回了冠軍。 9.?This type of system which originated in the United Kingdom has been widely used throughout Europe and is gaining in popularity in the United States of America and Japan. 這種起源于聯(lián)合王國的系統(tǒng)已在整個歐洲廣泛使用，并在美利堅合眾國和日本日益流行。 ? Failure to make the request（要求；請求） will be fatal（致命的） to the accuser's claim（宣稱；索要） if the relevant limitation period has expired（失效；到期）, unless an extension of time is granted. 如果相關(guān)的時效期限已經(jīng)到期，則未提出請求將對原告的索賠造成致命影響，除非批準(zhǔn)延期。 Expressions in use 1.scrape together 2.give way to ?3.wind up 4.be in a position 5.put down 6.deteriorate into 7.on the verge of? 8.in all likelihood ? 1. He put down（放下） $20,000 as a deposit（定金；存款） on the beautiful $200,000 villa（別墅） believing that his investment would increase over time. 他為這座價值20萬美元的美麗別墅付了2萬美元的定金，相信隨著時間的推移，他的投資會增加。 2. The parents who feel that their own lives are miserable and are failures can wind up（以...告終） doing an immense（極大的；巨大的） amount of damage to their kids. 覺得自己的生活很悲慘、很失敗的父母最終會給孩子帶來巨大的傷害。 3. Families that are paying for college or saving for college are trying to scrape together（湊齊；籌集） and save the money for their kids. 為大學(xué)買單或?yàn)榇髮W(xué)存錢的家庭正努力湊齊錢，為孩子攢錢。 4. Reporters were openly and aggressively（侵略地；積極地） questioning（質(zhì)疑） whether the party was on the verge of （將近；即將）being taken over by extremists（極端分子）. 記者們公開、積極地質(zhì)疑該黨是否即將被極端分子接管。 5. The factory had just started production and in all likelihood（十有八九；極有可能） it would take five to seven years to achieve full production. 工廠剛剛開始生產(chǎn)，很可能需要五到七年才能實(shí)現(xiàn)全部生產(chǎn)。 6. The conditions for the majority of the workforce（勞動力） will continue to deteriorate into （惡化為）widespread（普遍的） and extreme poverty if relief（救濟(jì)；寬慰；輕松） payment is late in coming. 如果救濟(jì)金遲遲不能發(fā)放，大多數(shù)勞動力的狀況將繼續(xù)惡化，成為普遍和極端貧困。 7. Only those who are weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each choice are in a position to know which one is best for them. 只有那些權(quán)衡每種選擇的利弊的人才能知道哪種選擇最適合自己。 Her romantic illusions（幻想；錯覺） of being married gave way to（讓位于；讓步于） recognizing her adult responsibilities that came with marriage. 她對結(jié)婚的浪漫幻想讓位于認(rèn)識到伴隨婚姻而來的成年責(zé)任。 Unit8 Words in use 1.cradle 2.hesitant 3.militant 4.confer 5.defiance 6.indignation 7.preach 8.provocative 9.milestone 10.overlap ? 1. He could hardly control his indignation（憤怒；憤慨） at the conditions under which the miners （礦工）were forced to work, without water and enough food. 他幾乎無法控制自己對礦工被迫在沒有水和足夠食物的情況下工作的憤怒。 2. Both sides were very careful when drafting（起草；草擬） the ceasefire（?；穑?agreements; they wanted to prevent any actions that could be considered provocative（挑釁的） by either side. 雙方在起草?；饏f(xié)議時都非常謹(jǐn)慎；他們想阻止任何一方認(rèn)為是挑釁的行動。 3. She has always had a(n) militant（好戰(zhàn)的） personality; she is always prepared and ready to do battle when she believes that the cause（事業(yè)；目標(biāo)；原因） is right. 她總是有好戰(zhàn)的個性；當(dāng)她相信事業(yè)是正確的時，她總是做好準(zhǔn)備，隨時準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗。 4. News stories overlap: Morning paper headlines（新聞?wù)淮笞謽?biāo)題） take account of the previous evening's radio and TV stories, and the electronic media（媒體） pick up items from the daily press（壓力；新聞；報道）. 新聞報道重疊：早報頭條考慮了前一晚的廣播和電視報道，電子媒體從每日新聞中獲取新聞報道。 5. Lucy stretched（伸展） up to kiss her dad's cheek（臉頰） lightly, and he patted（輕拍） his daughter as if he was conferring（授予） an honor to her. 露西伸手輕輕吻了一下她爸爸的臉頰，他拍了拍女兒，好像在給她授予榮譽(yù)。 6. Inspired by Martin Luther King's famous speech, "I Have a Dream", thousands of people went out onto the streets to support the civil（平民的；國家的） rights movement in defiance （違抗；反抗） of the curfew（宵禁）. 受馬丁·路德·金著名演講《我有一個夢想》的啟發(fā)，成千上萬的人不顧宵禁，走上街頭支持民權(quán)運(yùn)動。 7. Beth was hesitant（猶豫的） about visiting her ex-boyfriend（前男友）; she worried that he might refuse to talk to her.? 貝絲對拜訪前男友猶豫不決；她擔(dān)心他可能拒絕和她說話。 8. When humans first traveled into outer space, it was as revolutionary（革命性的） a(n) milestone（里程碑；轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)） in human culture as（像...一樣） the invention of the wheel. 當(dāng)人類第一次進(jìn)入外層空間時，它就像輪子的發(fā)明一樣是人類文化中的一個革命性里程碑。 9. Perplexed（困惑的）, she turned（轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)動；翻動） and noticed her husband had collapsed （坍塌；倒下；昏倒）and was slumped（因睡著或昏迷彎著身子坐） on the floor behind the counter（柜臺）. She rushed to him and cradled（輕輕抱著）his head in her arms. 她困惑地轉(zhuǎn)過身來，發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫已經(jīng)癱倒在柜臺后面的地板上。她沖向他，把他的頭抱在懷里。 10. Health experts are now preaching（宣傳；布道） that even a little exercise, such as doing housework or light gardening, is far better than none at all. 健康專家們現(xiàn)在正在宣揚(yáng)，即使是做一點(diǎn)運(yùn)動，比如做家務(wù)或做一點(diǎn)園藝，也比完全不做要好得多。 Expressions in use 1.provide for 2.insulate sb. From 3.have authority over 4.tiptoe around 5.for one’s part 6.irrespective of 7.get away with 8.at one’s disposal 9.dispense with 10.have a high opinion of ? 1. Our students have almost limitless（無限的） resources?at their disposal（任他們支配）: a well-equipped library, student workrooms, a large cafeteria（自助餐廳）, an undergraduate（本科生） office and a computer center. 我們的學(xué)生擁有幾乎無限的資源：設(shè)備齊全的圖書館、學(xué)生工作室、大型自助餐廳、本科生辦公室和計算機(jī)中心。 2. South Africa’s government imprisoned（監(jiān)禁） Nelson Mandela for 27 years, but never succeeded in its attempt to insulate him from（將他同...隔離）?his sacred（神圣的） cause（事業(yè)） against racial （種族的）separation（分割；隔離）. 南非政府將納爾遜·曼德拉監(jiān)禁了27年，但從未成功地將他與反對種族隔離的神圣事業(yè)隔離開來。 3. Please remember to keep a copy（復(fù)印件；副本） for yourself as we cannot return manuscripts（原稿）,irrespective of（無論） whether or not they are published. 請記住為自己保留一份副本，因?yàn)槲覀儫o法退回手稿，無論它們是否出版。 4. He won’t be able to make any progress if he always has a high opinion of（有很高的評價）?himself and criticism flows off him like water off a duck’s back. 如果他總是對自己有很高的評價，批評像鴨子背上的水一樣從他身上流下來，他就無法取得任何進(jìn)步。 5. Since Mary won the money and bought up the majority of the company’s stock（股票） shares（在多人參加的活動中占幾份）, she now has authority over（對...有控制權(quán)）the people she used to take orders（服從命令） from. 自從瑪麗贏得了這筆錢并買下了公司的大部分股票后，她現(xiàn)在對過去的人有了控制權(quán)。 6. Your new boss is nice and will be kind to you, provided（conj.假如；只要） that you, for your part,（對你來說）work diligently without complaining too much. 你的新老板很好，會對你很好，只要你努力工作，不會抱怨太多。 7. Despite（盡管） the measures put in place to prevent plagiarism（抄襲）, it is still not clear how students can get away with （逃脫懲罰）cheating in their exams. 盡管采取了防止抄襲的措施，但學(xué)生如何在考試中作弊仍然不清楚。 8. When the economic slump（下跌） hit the country, many people who had lost their jobs had to dispense with（摒棄）?a lot of luxuries. 當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退襲擊這個國家時，許多失業(yè)的人不得不放棄很多奢侈品。 9. The majority of people are not lazy; they want to work hard, want to have a better future, and want to provide for （贍養(yǎng)；供養(yǎng)；為...做準(zhǔn)備）their families. 大多數(shù)人都不懶惰；他們想努力工作，想有一個更好的未來，想為他們的家人。 10. In 1940, some people thought Franklin Roosevelt was tiptoeing around（小心翼翼）?the question of war, instead of confronting（直面；對抗） it, until the Japanese suddenly attacked the United States Navy（海軍） Pacific（平靜的;太平洋的） Fleet（艦隊） in Pearl（珍珠）Harbor（港口）. 1940年，一些人認(rèn)為富蘭克林·羅斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）在回避戰(zhàn)爭問題，而不是對抗戰(zhàn)爭，直到日本突然襲擊了珍珠港的美國海軍太平洋艦隊。