passage3

注解：標(biāo)題為紅色，翻譯為藍(lán)色，分析為綠色。

????????Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”

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1.第一句：least 在此處是little最高級，little在這里表示否定，故least，也就是翻譯成最不，在原文翻譯成“最不受控制的”。

2.harness=control

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????????Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic腦邊緣 system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex前額皮層,思維和推理的中心地帶?(the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

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1.limbic =marginal，但是limbic是解剖學(xué)專業(yè)詞，專指大腦邊緣的

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????????The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.

????????And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

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1.be left to?由……來決定

2.literally 按照字面意義地，逐字地；真正地（本文選這個意思，很重要，屬于熟詞辟意），確實地；=really

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????????At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.

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1.At the end of the day?說穿了，說到底，說白了

2.therapist專家，其實來源于詞therapy，療法，心理療法。而therapist就是掌握心理療法的人。

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一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這是一篇以夢為主題的科普性文章。

文章主要論說了夢可以被控制的現(xiàn)代觀點。

文章首段首先回顧了傳統(tǒng)的有關(guān)夢的觀點，然后在段末提出了夢的現(xiàn)代觀點，也就是本文的主題。

第二至四段用試驗研究實證這一觀點，并指出人可以通過練習(xí)來減少噩夢。

第五段就夢的性質(zhì)對不同的人提出相應(yīng)的建議。

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.

[A] can be modified in their courses

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

31．研究者逐漸認(rèn)為夢______。

[A] 在形成過程中可以被改變

[B] 容易受到情緒變化的影響

[C] 反應(yīng)了我們內(nèi)心深處的欲望和恐懼

[D] 是神經(jīng)修復(fù)中偶然產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果

32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.

[A] its function in our dreams

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex

32．作者提到腦的邊緣系統(tǒng)是為了說明__________。

[A] 它在我們夢中發(fā)揮的作用

[B] 快速動眼睡眠的機制

[C] 夢和情緒間的關(guān)系

[D] 它與前額皮層的區(qū)別

33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind

[B] develop into happy dreams

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep

[D] show up in dreams early at night

33．白天產(chǎn)生的不良情緒往往_________。

[A] 在潛意識中加重

[B] 演變成快樂的夢

[C] 會一直持續(xù)到我們睡著為止

[D] 在夜晚早期的夢中出現(xiàn)

34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

34．卡特賴特似乎在暗示_______。

[A] 及時醒來對于擺脫噩夢至關(guān)重要

[B] 設(shè)想噩夢有助于控制它

[C] 應(yīng)該讓夢自然推進(jìn)

[D] 做夢可能不完全屬于無意識行為

35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

[A] Lead your life as usual.

[B] Seek professional help.

[C] Exercise conscious control.

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

35．對那些有時作噩夢的人，卡特賴特可能給出的建議是什么？

[A] 像平常一樣生活。

[B] 尋求專家?guī)椭?/span>

[C] 練習(xí)有意識的控制。

[D] 避免白天產(chǎn)生焦慮。

二、核心詞匯與超綱詞匯

1. component n. 組成部分，部件，元件

2. suspend v. 懸掛；暫停，暫緩，使暫時無效

3. formulate v. 構(gòu)想出，系統(tǒng)地闡述

4. thermostat n. 自動調(diào)溫器

5. disguise 偽裝，掩飾

6. neurologist n. 神經(jīng)病學(xué)家，神經(jīng)科醫(yī)師

7. switch v. 轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)向

8. random adj. 隨機的，任意的

9. byproduct n. 副產(chǎn)品

10. regulate v. 調(diào)節(jié)；管理，控制

11. harness v. 治理，利用；支配，控制

12. recur v. 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，再發(fā)生

13. visualize v. 想象，設(shè)想；使形象化

14. at the end of the day 說穿了，說到底，說白了

15. limbic adj. 邊緣的，腦邊緣系統(tǒng)的

16. prefrontal adj. 前額的

17.?cortex?n. (植物的)皮層，樹皮，(腦或腎的)皮層，皮質(zhì)

三、閱讀答案：A C D D A

四、全文翻譯：?

????????在睡一個好覺的所有因素中，夢似乎是最無法控制的一個。在夢中，窗戶通向的世界里，邏輯暫時失去了效用，死人開口說話。一個世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識中的欲望和恐懼經(jīng)偽裝后的預(yù)示；到了 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代末期，神經(jīng)病學(xué)家們轉(zhuǎn)而認(rèn)為夢是“精神噪音”，即睡眠時進(jìn)行的神經(jīng)修復(fù)活動的一種雜亂的副產(chǎn)品。目前，研究人員猜想夢是大腦情感自動調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的組成部分，當(dāng)大腦處于“掉線”狀態(tài)時對情緒進(jìn)行調(diào)整。一名主要的權(quán)威人士說，夢這種異常強烈的精神活動不僅能被駕馭，事實上，還可以有意識地加以控制，以幫助我們更好地睡眠和感覺。芝加哥醫(yī)療中心心理學(xué)系主任羅莎琳德·卡特賴特說，“這是你的夢，如果你不喜歡，就改變它。”

????????大腦造影的證據(jù)支持了以上觀點。匹茲堡大學(xué)的埃里克博士說，在出現(xiàn)清晰夢境的快速動眼睡眠中大腦和清醒時一樣活躍。但并非大腦的所有部分都一樣，腦邊緣系統(tǒng)(“情緒大腦”)異?；钴S，而前額皮層(思維和推理的中心地帶)則相對平靜。斯坦福睡眠研究員威廉·迪蒙特博士說：“我們從夢中醒來，或者高興或者沮喪，這些情緒會伴隨我們一整天。”

????????夢和情緒之間的聯(lián)系在卡特賴特診所的病人身上顯露出來了。大多數(shù)人似乎在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢，而在快醒來前會逐漸做開心一些的夢，這說明人們在夢里漸漸克服了白天的不良情緒。因為清醒時我們的頭腦被日常生活瑣事占據(jù)著，所以并不總想到白天發(fā)生的事情對我們情緒的影響，直到我們開始做夢，這種影響才出現(xiàn)。

????????這一過程不一定是無意識的?？ㄌ刭囂卣J(rèn)為人們可以練習(xí)有意識地控制噩夢的重演。你一醒來就立刻確定夢中有什么在困擾你，設(shè)想一下你所希望的夢的結(jié)局，下次再做同樣的夢時，試圖醒來以控制它的進(jìn)程。通過多次練習(xí)，人們完全可以學(xué)會在夢中這樣做。

????????卡特賴特說，說到底，只要夢不使我們無法睡眠或“從夢中驚醒”，就沒有理由太在意所做的夢?？植乐髁x、經(jīng)濟不確定及通常的不安全感都增加了人們的焦慮。那些長期受噩夢折磨的人應(yīng)該尋求專家?guī)椭鴮ζ渌藖碚f，大腦有自動消除不良情緒的方法。安心睡覺甚至做夢，早上醒來時你會感覺好多了。