Prepositions

介詞

The most literal sense of a preposition is generally the correct word to use in Esperanto. Thus, one rides "in the train," not "on the train."

 世界語里，使用正確的單詞，介詞表達(dá)的意思也就越接近其本意。所以，是某個人坐"in the train"，而不是"on the train."（此句意為某人坐在火車?yán)铮?/p>

For example:

 例如：

 anta? can mean "in front of" or "before",depending on the context. In conjunction with time it can mean "ago".

 anta? 的意思有"in front of"(在…前面)和"before"(之前)，具體是什么意思取決于語境。和時間結(jié)合起來能夠有“ago”(以前)的意思

kontra? means "against", but also "at the cost/price of"; and can be used in the context of taking a medicine in order to treat an illness ("against" an illness)

 kontra? 意思是“against”（反對，違反），也有"at the cost/price of"（以…為代價），也能夠使用在為了治病而服用藥物的語境（因?yàn)槭菍辜膊。?/p>

In general, nouns following a preposition do not take the -n ending

 通常名詞跟在介詞后面不用加詞尾-n

The directional –n

表示方向的-n

In addition to its use for the direct object, the -n ending is also used to show direction:

 -n除了用來表示直接賓語，還能用來表示方向

?i saltas sur la tablo. = She jumps (up and down) on the table.(她在桌子上跳)

?i saltas sur la tablon. = She jumps onto the table (from anotherlocation).（她跳上了桌子）

Pro vs por

Pro和por

Pro = because of, on account of（因?yàn)?，由于?/p>

Por = for（為了）

Mi parolas Esperanton pro vi.

I speak Esperanto because of you.

 我為了你(所以)講世界語

La donaco estas por vi.

The gift is for you.

 給你的禮物

krom

Krom can mean either "except (for)" or "in addition to" depending on the context. For example:

Krom既能表示“除了”還能表示“另外”，具體的意思還有取決于上下文：

Mi ?atas ?ion, krom araneoj.

I like everything except spiders.

 我喜歡萬物，蜘蛛除外

Krom araneoj, ?i anka? amas abelojn.

In addition to spiders, she also loves bees.

 除了蜘蛛外，她也喜歡蜜蜂

manko de

 A lack of...（缺少）

Manko de...

A lack of something is not considered a quantity, so one says manko de and never manko da. For example: 

 缺少什么并不被認(rèn)為是屬于數(shù)量上的，所以，人們只說manko de 而非manko da

A lack of money

 Manko de mono（缺錢）

ver?i and ?uti

 ver?i和?uti

Ver?i means to pour a liquid such as water or oil,while ?uti means to pour a non-liquid such as sand or sugar.

 Ver?i 的意思是傾倒例如油和水一類的液體，而 ?uti指的是傾倒非液體（如沙子和糖）

tero and tero

tero和tero

Tero is the word for the planet Earth. We omit the article la whenwe speak of it in that context:

我們?nèi)绻雎晕恼轮械膌a的話，Tero就是地球的意思

Tero movi?as ?irka? la suno. 

(The) Earth moves around the sun.

（地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）

La Tero is the term for the Earth we live on:

 La Tero指的是我們生活的星球

Kie ni vivos, kiam la Tero estos tro varma?

Where will we live, when the Earth is too hot?

 如果地球太熱的話，那么我們將住哪里呢?

For earth or soil that plants grow in, we use tero without capitalization: 

如果我們使用首字母小寫的tero的話，這個tero就是指長植物的土地

En la tero kreskas plantoj.

Plants grow in the earth.

 植物長在土里

原文:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Prepositions

翻譯:vanilo

封面:是時候休息了