夏天是蚊蟲活躍的季節(jié)。被蚊子叮咬不僅讓人心煩意亂，還可能對(duì)健康構(gòu)成威脅。除了驅(qū)蚊劑、電子滅蟲燈以外，還有哪些可以防蚊、驅(qū)蚊的方法？本文介紹常見(jiàn)的防蚊和驅(qū)蚊措施。

詞匯：protection from insects 防蟲

Summer is a great time of year – but, unfortunately, it's not just us humans that enjoy it. Mosquitos seem to make the most out of the season by?biting?us, and as well as being annoying,?mosquito-borne diseases?can be dangerous. What can we do to avoid getting bitten?

夏天是一年中最美好的時(shí)光，但不幸的是，享受夏天的不僅僅是我們?nèi)祟?。蚊子似乎充分利用了這個(gè)季節(jié)，叮咬我們，蚊子傳播的疾病不僅令人討厭，而且可能很危險(xiǎn)。我們能做些什么來(lái)避免被咬?

The most obvious answer is to use?mosquito?repellent. Professor James Logan from the London School of Hygiene and?Tropical Medicine?explains that?DEET, the chemical used in many repellents, confuses the?insects' sense of smell, making it difficult to recognise humans. Though be careful – as biologist Roger Eritja points out – any bits of?skin?that aren't covered by repellent are still likely to get bitten. Logan also recommends using plug-in?insecticides?to kill or repel mosquitos in the room. However, it might be best to avoid using electric?bug?zappers. Daniel Markowski from the American Mosquito Control Association highlights that mosquitos are only a small proportion of the number of insects they kill, and that many of the others are beneficial.

最明顯的答案是使用驅(qū)蚊劑。倫敦衛(wèi)生和熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的詹姆斯·洛根教授解釋說(shuō)，許多驅(qū)蚊劑中使用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)避蚊胺會(huì)混淆昆蟲的嗅覺(jué)，使它們難以識(shí)別人類。盡管要小心——正如生物學(xué)家羅杰·厄里提亞指出的那樣——任何沒(méi)有被驅(qū)蚊劑覆蓋的皮膚都有可能被咬傷。洛根還建議使用插入式殺蟲劑來(lái)殺死或擊退房間里的蚊子。然而，最好避免使用電子滅蟲器。美國(guó)蚊子控制協(xié)會(huì)的Daniel Markowski強(qiáng)調(diào)，蚊子只占它們殺死昆蟲數(shù)量的一小部分，其他許多昆蟲都是有益的。

Clothing is another consideration that affects whether mosquitos choose to?attack?us. Amy Glover, writing in the Huffington Post, tells us that dark colours?attract?mosquitos. James Logan adds that loose clothing is preferable as it is harder for mosquitos to bite through – they're even able to?penetrate?jeans if they are worn tightly.?

衣服是影響蚊子是否選擇攻擊我們的另一個(gè)因素。艾米·格洛弗在《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》上寫道，深色會(huì)吸引蚊子。詹姆斯·洛根補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，寬松的衣服是最好的選擇，因?yàn)槲米痈y叮咬——如果牛仔褲穿得緊，它們甚至可以穿透。

Light, loose clothing also means people?sweat?less. A 2019 study showed that mosquitos are able to use the smell of human sweat to find their?victims. This is why Homes editor Katie Mortram recommends taking a shower before bed to avoid getting bitten. Another way to stop the smell of your sweat attracting mosquitos is to use?deodorant?to disguise the smell of your sweat. Masie Vollans – a researcher into mosquito ecology, points out that a compound found in deodorants has been shown to stop mosquitos?landing?on?the skin.

What we eat and drink may also have an impact on how attractive we are to mosquitos. Vollans mentions two studies that found drinking beer and eating bananas can make people more attractive to mosquitos.

輕便寬松的衣服也意味著人們出汗更少。2019年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，蚊子能夠利用人類汗水的氣味找到受害者。這就是為什么《家園》編輯凱蒂·莫特拉姆建議睡前洗澡以避免被咬傷的原因。另一種防止汗味吸引蚊子的方法是使用除臭劑來(lái)掩蓋你的汗味。蚊子生態(tài)學(xué)研究人員Masie vollan指出，在除臭劑中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種化合物已被證明可以阻止蚊子落在皮膚上。

So, as well as using repellents and insecticides, thinking about our clothing, reducing our sweat and changing what we eat and drink could help to reduce the risk of mosquito bites.

所以，除了使用驅(qū)蚊劑和殺蟲劑外，考慮一下我們的衣服，減少出汗，改變我們的飲食習(xí)慣，這些都有助于降低被蚊子叮咬的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

詞匯表

bite 叮，咬
mosquito-borne disease 由蚊子傳播的疾病
mosquito repellent 驅(qū)蚊劑
tropical medicine 熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)
DEET 避蚊胺（常見(jiàn)防蚊液成分）
insect 昆蟲
skin 皮膚
insecticide 殺蟲劑
bug zapper 滅蟲燈
attack 攻擊
attract 吸引
penetrate 穿過(guò)，穿透
sweat 出汗，流汗
victim 犧牲品
deodorant 體味除臭劑
land on 落在，停在

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1.?閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1. Why can mosquitos be dangerous?

2. How does DEET repel mosquitos?

3. What is important to remember when applying repellent?

4. True or False??Bug zappers are a good way to get rid of mosquitos.

5. According to the article, which colours are best to wear to avoid mosquito bites?

2. 選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來(lái)完成下列句子。

1. Mosquito-_______ diseases can be dangerous.

lifted? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?borne? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? taken? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? brought

2. Electric bug?_______ are not always effective.

repellent? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?insecticides? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? gels? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? zappers

3. Putting _______?on your skin can stop bites.

bait? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?sweat? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?repellent? ? ? ? ? ? ? protector

4. Mosquitos can bite _______?tight clothing.

at? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? through? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?over? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? towards

5.?_______ kills mosquitos.

Repellent? ? ? ? ? ? ? Tropical medicine? ? ? ?Insecticide? ? ? ? ? Sweat

答案

1.?閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。?

1. Why can mosquitos be dangerous?

Because mosquito-borne diseases can be dangerous.? ? ? ??

2. How does DEET repel mosquitos?

DEET confuses mosquitos' sense of smell.?

3. What is important to remember when applying repellent??????

It is important to cover every bit of skin.?

4. True or False??Bug zappers are a good way to get rid of mosquitos.? ? ? ??

False.?Mosquitos only make up a small proportion of the insects killed by zappers, and many of the others are beneficial.?

5. According to the article, which colours are best to wear to avoid mosquito bites?

The article says that it is best to wear light colours to avoid mosquito bites.

2.?選擇意思恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組來(lái)完成下列句子。

1. Mosquito-borne?diseases can be dangerous.

2. Electric bug?zappers?are not always effective.???????

3. Putting?repellent?on your skin can stop bites.

4. Mosquitos can bite?through?tight clothing.

5.?Insecticide?kills mosquitos.

文章來(lái)源BBC，侵權(quán)刪。