英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)之橫杠（dashes）

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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自

"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"

第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）

第9章（9. Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling）

第124–126頁(yè)

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Dashes

橫杠

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The ? shortest dash is the hyphen (-); the en dash (–) is longer; and the em dash (—) ? is the longest. Hyphens are discussed in the section on hyphenation in Chapter ? 10, starting on p 135.

最短的是連字符（-），連接號(hào)（–）較長(zhǎng)，破折號(hào)（—）最長(zhǎng)。從第135頁(yè)開始，第10章中關(guān)于連字符的部分討論了連字符。

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En Dash

連接號(hào)

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?? Use ? an en dash to mean the equivalent of “and”, “to”, or “versus” in multiword ? concepts where the words are of equal weight.

?? 在多詞概念中，當(dāng)單詞權(quán)重相等時(shí)，用連接號(hào)表示“and”、“to”或“versus”的等價(jià)詞。

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示例

acid–base titration

bromine–olefin complex

carbon–oxygen bond

cis–trans isomerization

cost–benefit analysis

log–normal function

metal–ligand complex

metal–metal bonding

nickel–cadmium battery

oxidation–reduction potential

producer–user communication

pump–probe technique

dose–response relationship

ethanol–ether mixture

freeze–pump–thaw degassed

helix–coil transition

host–guest complexation

red–black dichroic crystals

structure–activity relationship

structure–property relationship

temperature–time curve

vapor–liquid equilibrium

winter–fall maxima

0–t–∞ sequence

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例外

Use ? a hyphen for color combinations such as blue-green. See Chapter 10, page 140.

對(duì)于顏色的組合如blue-green使用連字符。參閱第10章第140頁(yè)。

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?? Use ? an en dash to mean “to” or “through” with a span of three or more numerals or ? other types of ranges.

?? 使用連接號(hào)表示“to”或“through”，跨度為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上數(shù)字或其它類型的范圍。

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示例

12–20 months???????????????????????????????? Figures 1–4?????????????????????? 5–50 kg

sections 1b–1????????????????????????????????? fparts C–E???????????????????????? compounds A–I

Lyon and co-workers (23–26)???????? Lyon and co-workers23a–d

例外1

When ? either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the ? number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash.

當(dāng)一個(gè)或兩個(gè)數(shù)字都為負(fù)數(shù)或包含一個(gè)修改數(shù)字的符號(hào)時(shí)，請(qǐng)使用單詞“to”或“through”，而不是連接號(hào)。

示例

–20 to +120 K?????????????????? –145 to –30??????????????? °C ≈50 to 60

10 to >600 mL????????????????? <5 to 15 mg

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例外2

Do ? not use an en dash when the word “from” or “between” is used.

當(dāng)使用單詞“from”或“between”時(shí)，不要使用連接號(hào)。

示例

from 500 to 600 mL（而非from 500–600 mL）

between 7 and 10 days（而非between 7–10 days）

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?? Use ? an en dash to link the names of two or more persons of equal importance used ? as a modifier.

?? 使用連接號(hào)將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同等重要的人的名字連接起來，用作修飾語。

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示例

Bednorz–Müller theory

Beer–Lambert law

Bose–Einstein statistics

Debye–Hückel theory

Diels–Alder reaction

Fermi–Dirac statistics

Fischer–Tropsch effect

Fisher–Johns hypothesis

Flory–Huggins interaction

Franck–Condon factor

Friedel–Crafts reaction

Geiger–Müller effect

Henderson–Hasselbalch equation

Jahn–Teller effect

Lee–Yang–Parr method

Lineweaver–Burk method

Mark–Houwink plot

Meerwein–Ponndorf theory

Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Stern–Volmer plot

van’t ? Hoff–Le Bel theory

Wolff–Kishner theory

Young–Laplace equation

Ziegler–Natta-type catalyst

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Treatment ? of double surnames is covered in Chapter 10 (p 139).

第10章（第139頁(yè)）介紹了雙姓的處理方法。

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?? Use ? an en dash between components of a mixed solvent. (A slash can also be used.)

?? 在混合溶劑的成分之間使連接號(hào)。（亦可使用斜杠。）

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例1：The melting point was unchanged after four crystallizations from hexane–benzene.

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Em Dash

破折號(hào)

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?? Use ? em dashes to set off words that would be misunderstood without them.

?? 使用破折號(hào)來解釋沒有它們會(huì)被誤解的單詞。

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錯(cuò)誤示例1： All three experimental parameters, temperature, time, and concentration, were strictly followed.

正確示例1： All three experimental parameters—temperature, time, and concentration—were strictly followed.

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?? Do ? not use em dashes to separate phrases or nonrestrictive clauses if another ? form of punctuation can be used.

?? 如果可以使用其他形式的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，請(qǐng)不要使用破折號(hào)分隔短語或非限制性從句。

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錯(cuò)誤示例1：Knauth—not Stevens—obtained good correlation of results and calculations.

正確示例1：Knauth, not Stevens, obtained good correlation of results and calculations.

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錯(cuò)誤示例2：The singly charged complexes—which constituted bands 1 and 3—liberated maleate anion upon decomposition.

正確示例2：The singly charged complexes, which constituted bands 1 and 3, liberated maleate anion upon decomposition.

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