LESSON 1 (p1) :

Prefix = Beginning (前綴）

——> Description: Number/ amount, size, location, color, etc.

Root = Middle

——> Subject: Relating to a part of the body.

Suffix = Ending (后綴)

——> Condition: Pertaining (存在、適合用在...） to a process or a procedure; amount, location, etc.

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1) Prefixes - Size and Amount:

• Macro- : large; visible to the naked eye
• Micro- : small; not visible to the naked eye (microscope - 顯微鏡）
• Hyper- : high; above normal; elevated
• Hypo- : low; below normal; decreased
• Eu-/ Normo- : normal
• Pan-/ Omni- : all
• A-/ An- : absent; lacking
• Megalo- : large; larger than average

2) Prefixes - Numerical:

• Mono- : single; singular/ single
• Di- : two; double
• Tri- : three; triple
• Quad- : four; quadruple
• Poly- : many; a lot
• Oligo- : few; several; very little

3) Prefixes - Speed:

• Tachy- : rapid; fast
• Brady-/ Brachy- : slow

↑ (mostly used for the heart)

4) Prefixes - Location:

• Epi-/ Peri-/ Circum- : around
• Endo-/ Intra- : inside; inner; interior
• Exo-/ Extra- : outside; outer; exterior
• Inter- : between
• Trans- : across
• Dia-/ Per- : through; complete
• Medi (o/a)- : middle
• Para- : nearby
• Juxta- : next to; beside; adjacent

5) Prefixes - Movements:

• Ab- : away (abuction - 外展)
• Ad- : toward (adduction - 內(nèi)收)
• Dis- : to separate

6) Prefixes - Colors:

• Chromo-/ Chromato- : color (chromosome - 染色體)
• Leuko- : white (leukocyte - 白細(xì)胞)
• Erythro- : red (erythrocyte - 紅細(xì)胞)
• Cyano- : blue (cyanosis - 紫紺)
• Chloro- : green (chloroma - 綠色瘤（粒細(xì)胞內(nèi)瘤））
• Melan- : black (melanoma - 黑色素瘤)
• Flav- : yellow

7) Prefixes - Body (general):

• Homeo- : body (homeostasis - 體內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài))
• Cephalo- : head (cephalopathy - 腦病)
• Cerv- : neck
• Thoraco- : chest
• Abdomino- : abdominal
• Pelvo/i- : pelvic
• Periton- : peritoneum
• Derm- : skin/ dermis
• Neuro- : nerve
• Hemo- : blood (hemostasis - 止血)
• Arterio-/ Angio- : arteries (angiography - 血管造影）
• Veno-/ Vena- : venous
• Vascular- : vascular
• Musculo- : muscle
• Myo-/ Sacro- : muscle
• Skelet- : skeleton; bone
• Osteo- : bone (osteoporosis - 骨質(zhì)疏松)
• Cyto- : cell

8) Prefixes - Organs (general):

Neck & Thoracic Organs:

• Thyro- : thyroid (甲狀腺)
• Tracheo- : trachea
• Esophago- : esophagus
• Thymo- : thymus (胸腺)
• Masto-/ Mammo- : Mammary Gland
• Pulmo-/ Pneumo- : lung (pneumonia - 肺炎)
• Cardio- : heart

Abdominal Organs:

• Gastro- : stomach
• Hepato- : liver (hepatitis - 肝炎)
• Cholecysto- : gallbladder (cholesterol - 膽固醇)
• Spleno- : spleen
• Pancreato- : pancreas
• Adreno- : adrenal gland
• Nephro- : kidney
• Entero- : intestines
• Colo- : colon/ large intestine

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Common Suffixes:

• -cyte : cell; cellular
• -ology : study of
• -philia : love of
• -phobia : fear of
• -tension : pressure
• -xia : oxygen
• -capnea : carbon dioxide
• -pnea : air (dyspnea - 呼氣困難）

Lesson 1-5 的筆記在主頁