劉意青簡明英國文學(xué)史筆記及題庫簡介：

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劉意青簡明英國文學(xué)史筆記及題庫部分摘錄：

I.Background Knowledge（背景知識）

ABrief Account of the History of the 17th Century（17世紀(jì)歷史狀況概述）

（1）The 17th century was one of the most tumultuous periods in British history.

17世紀(jì)是英國歷史上最為動蕩的時期。

（2）Queen Elizabeth remained unmarried and had no children，so after her death，the house of Tudor ended.James I of Scotland became King of England，ushering in the Stuart dynasty.

伊麗莎白女王終生未嫁，沒有子嗣，所以她去世后，都鐸王朝的統(tǒng)治就結(jié)束了，蘇格蘭的詹姆斯一世成為英國國王，開始了斯圖亞特王朝的統(tǒng)治。

（3）Monarchy stil represented the interests of feudal lords and hindered the development of capitalism.By the time of Charles I，the conflict between the two sides had intensified.

君主政體仍然代表著封建領(lǐng)主的利益，阻礙了資本主義的發(fā)展。到了查理一世時期，雙方矛盾激化。

（4）In 1649，Charles I was defeated by parliamentary forces led by Cromwell and sent to the guillotine.With the victory of the bourgeoisie，a republic was established in Britain.

1649年，查理一世被克倫威爾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的議會軍隊打敗，被送上斷頭臺。隨著資產(chǎn)階級的勝利，英國建立了共和國。

（5）There were more and more Puritans.

出現(xiàn)了越來越多的清教徒。

（6）In 1653，Cromwell began a military dictatorship in the country.On his death in 1658，he wassucceeded by his son，who was weak and lacked leadership.The restoration was achieved in 1660

when Charles I's son Charles II succeeded to the throne.

2、Chief Literary Achievements of the Century（本世紀(jì)的主要文學(xué)成就）A.The Bible（《圣經(jīng)》）

（1）The Bible，together with Greek and Roman mythology and philosophy，is considered one of the fountainheads of Western Civilization.

《圣經(jīng)》和古希臘古羅馬的神話和哲學(xué)一并成為西方文明的源泉。

（2）It has two divisions:the Old Testament and the New Testament.The former was first written in Hebrew，then into Greek，then Latin；the latter was first written in Greek and later translated into Latin.

《圣經(jīng)》有兩部分：《舊約》和《新約》?！杜f約》起初由希伯來語寫成，后翻譯成希臘語，再譯成拉丁語；《新約》起初由希臘語寫成，后譯成拉丁語。

（3）James I completed his translation of“The King James Bible”in standard English.

詹姆斯一世用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語完成了《欽定本圣經(jīng)》的翻譯。

3.Poetry（詩歌）

（1）There was a group of poets that John Dryden later called“metaphysical poets."The chief representatives are John Donne，Andrew Marvell，and George Herbert.

出現(xiàn)了一批詩人，后來被約翰·德萊頓稱為“玄學(xué)派詩人”。主要代表人物有約翰·多恩、安德魯·馬維爾和喬治·赫伯特。

（2）Another group of poets was called the Cavalier Poets.They were often courtiers and squires in support of King Charles I against Parliament and Puritans.

另一批詩人被稱為騎士派詩人。他們通常是查理一世的侍臣和鄉(xiāng)紳，反對議會和清教徒。

（3）The third is the epic by John Milton.

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