Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)?

Directions：In this part there are six passages， each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A， B， C and D . Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET?

Passage One?

When Tony Wagner， the Harvard education specialist， describes his job today， he says he’s “a translator between two hostile tribes”-the education world and the business world， the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s argument in his book Creating Innovators：TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorldisthatourK-12andcollege tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace”.?

This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly no such things as a high-wage. middle-skilled job―the thing that sustained the middleclass in the last generation. Now， there is only a high-wage， high-skilled job. Every middle-class job today is being pulled up， out or down faster than ever That is， it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried一made obsolete―faster than ever Which is why the goal of education today， argues Wagner， should not be to make every child “college ready” but “innovation ready” 一 ready to add value to whatever they do?

That is at all task. I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate. “Today， ”he said via e-mail， “because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device， what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate―the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life―and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge. As on executive told me， “We can teach new hires the content. And we will have to because it continue to change， but we can't teach them how to think―to ask the right questions—and to take initiative.”?

My generation had it easy. We got to “find” a job. But， more than ever， our kids will have to *invent “a job. Sure， the lucky ones will find their first job， but， given the pace of change today even they will have to reinvent， re-engineer and re imagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it??

“Finland is one of the most innovative economies in the world， ”Wagner said， “and it is the only country where students leave high school “innovation-ready" .They learn concepts and creativity more than facts， and have a choice of many electives—all with ashore r school day， little homework， and a most no testing. There are a growing number of reinvented "colleges like the Olin College of Engineering， the M.I.T. Media Lab and the 'D-school' Stanford where students learn to innovate.”?

61. In his book， Wagner argues that?

A.the education world is hostile to our kids?

B.the business world is hostile to those seeking jobs?

C.the business world is too demanding on the education world?

D.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands?

62 2. What does the “tall task “refer to in the third paragraph??

A.Sustaining the middleclass.?

B.Saving high-wage， middle-skilled jobs.?

C.Shifting from “college ready”to“innovation ready”?

D.Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast?

63 What is mainly expressed in Wagner’s e-mail??

A.New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.?

B.Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices?

C.Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach?

D.Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge?

64 What is implied in the fourth paragraph??

A.Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation?

B.Jobs changed slowly in the author's generation?

C.The author's generation led an easier life than their kids?

D.It was easy for the author's generation to find their first jobs?

65 What is the purpose of the last paragraph??

A.To orient future education?

B.To exemplify the necessary shift in education?

C.To draw a conclusion about the shift in education?

D.To criticize some colleges for their practices in education.?

Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)?

Passage One?

【文章大意】 哈佛教育專家托尼·瓦格納在自己的著作《創(chuàng)造革新者：塑造會(huì)改變世界的年輕人》中 的論點(diǎn)是我們的K-12(從幼兒園到12年級(jí)的兒童教育)和大學(xué)教育軌道并非始終如一地“增 加價(jià)值并教授就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上最重要的技能”。當(dāng)諸如高收入的中等技能工作等日益減少時(shí)，這 種教育是非常危險(xiǎn)的。瓦格納認(rèn)為，今天教育的目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該讓所有小孩為“上大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備”， 而應(yīng)該為“進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新做好準(zhǔn)備”，即“準(zhǔn)備去為他們所做的任何事增加價(jià)值”。?

【答案詳解】 61.D 推理判斷題。由第一段中“Wagner's argument in his book Creating Innovators：The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace”.托尼·瓦格納在自己的著作《創(chuàng)造革新者：塑造會(huì)改變世界的年輕人》 中的論點(diǎn)是我們的K-12(從幼兒園到12年級(jí)的兒童教育)和大學(xué)教育軌道并非始終 如一地‘增加價(jià)值并教授就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上最重要的技能’?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可推知Ｄ項(xiàng)“教育界應(yīng) 該教授(勞動(dòng)力)市場(chǎng)需求的內(nèi)容”正確。A項(xiàng)“教育界對(duì)我們孩子懷有敵意”；B 項(xiàng)“教育界對(duì)那些找工作的人懷有敵意”；C項(xiàng)“商界對(duì)教育界要求高”。?

62.C 推理判斷題。由第二段中“Which is why the goal of education today， argues Wagner， should not be to make every child“college ready”but“innovation ready”―ready to add value to whatever they do.瓦格納認(rèn)為， 這是今天教育目標(biāo)的原因， 即不應(yīng)該讓所有小 孩為‘上大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備'，而應(yīng)該為‘進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新做好準(zhǔn)備'，也就是‘準(zhǔn)備去為他們所 做的任何事增加價(jià)值'。”的對(duì)應(yīng)可推知Ｃ項(xiàng)“從‘為上大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備’轉(zhuǎn)移到‘為進(jìn) 行創(chuàng)新做好準(zhǔn)備’”正確。A項(xiàng)“保持中產(chǎn)階級(jí)”；Ｂ項(xiàng)“挽救高收入的中等技能工作” D項(xiàng)“阻止中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工作迅速地變得過(guò)時(shí)”。?

63.D 推理判斷題。由第三段中“The capacity to innovate―the abilty to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life ：一and s skills like critical t hiking，communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge.創(chuàng)新能 力，即創(chuàng)新地解決問(wèn)題或?yàn)樯顜?lái)新的可能性的能力以及像批判性思考、交流和合 作一樣的技能比學(xué)業(yè)知識(shí)更重要?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可推知D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力和技能比知識(shí)更重要” 正確。A項(xiàng)“新雇傭者應(yīng)該被教授內(nèi)容而不是思考的方式”；B項(xiàng)“知識(shí)在與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連 接的設(shè)備上更容易獲取”；C項(xiàng)“學(xué)業(yè)知識(shí)仍然是最重要的教授內(nèi)容”。?

64.C 推理判斷題。由第四段中“My generation had it easy. We got to“find"a job.But， more than ever， our kids will have to“invent"a job.我們這代人生活很舒適。我們必須“找到' 一份工作。但是超出任何時(shí)候的是我們的孩子將不得不‘創(chuàng)造’一份工作?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng) 可推知C項(xiàng)“作者這代人相比自己的孩子過(guò)著更舒適的生活”正確。A項(xiàng)“工作青睞 每代人中的幸運(yùn)兒”；Ｂ項(xiàng)“在作者的這一代工作緩慢地改變著”；D項(xiàng)“作者這一代 人找到自己的首份工作是容易的”。?

65.B 推理判斷題。由最后一段主要針對(duì)教育目標(biāo)有必要的改變進(jìn)行舉例(如““Finland is one of the most innovative economies in the world， ”Wagner said， “and it is the only country where students leave highschool“innovation-ready”.瓦格納聲稱‘芬蘭是全球最具創(chuàng)新 的經(jīng)濟(jì)之一，該國(guó)也是唯一個(gè)讓學(xué)生高中畢業(yè)時(shí)就為‘創(chuàng)新做好準(zhǔn)備’ ' 的國(guó)家’?！? 可推知B項(xiàng)“例證教育方面有必要的改變”正確。A項(xiàng)“為未來(lái)的教育確定方向”：C 項(xiàng)“得出有關(guān)教育改變的結(jié)論”D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)一些學(xué)院在教育方面的做法”。?

【長(zhǎng)難句剖析】?

1.Wagner's argument in his book Creating Innovators：The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently“adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the marketplace”?

【參考譯文】托尼·瓦格納在自己的著作《創(chuàng)造革新者：塑造會(huì)改變世界的年輕人》中 的論點(diǎn)是我們的K-12(從幼兒園到12年級(jí)的兒童教育)和大學(xué)教育軌道并非始終如一地“增 加價(jià)值并教授就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上最重要的技能”。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“Wagner's argument is that our K-12 and college tracks are no consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills”， 這里that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句； “in his book Creating Innovators：The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World”為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；“that matter most in the marketplace”為that引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)“the skills”的后置定語(yǔ)?

2.This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly no such things as a high-wage middle-skilled job the thing that sustained the middleclass in the last generation.?

【參考譯文】當(dāng)諸如高收入的中等技能工作等(即維持上一代中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的東西)日益減 少時(shí)，這種教育是非常危險(xiǎn)的。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“This is dangerous”； “at a time when there is increasingly no such things as a high-wage， middle-ski led job”為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； ； “the thing”指代前面的“a high-wage middle-skilled job”； “that sustained the middleclass in the last generation”為that引導(dǎo)的從句充 當(dāng)“the thing”的后置定語(yǔ)。?

3.The capacity to innovate the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life—and skills like critical thinking， communication and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge?

【參考譯文】創(chuàng)新能力，即創(chuàng)新地解決問(wèn)題或?yàn)樯顜?lái)新的可能性的能力以及像批判 性思考、交流和合作一樣的技能比學(xué)業(yè)知識(shí)更重要。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“The capacity to innovate and skills are far more important than academic knowledge”； “the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life” 為插入語(yǔ)來(lái)對(duì)“The capacity to innovate”進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明； “l(fā)ike critical thinking， communication and collaboration”相當(dāng)于“skills”的后置定語(yǔ)

Passage Two?

Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the diease diagnosis and management， aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined， or even replaced in some cases， by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new cap ab ties， often termed “stratified(分層的) ， ” or “personalized” medicine， are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery?

Genetic medicine， which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way， has， until recently， been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic component， the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working?

Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect， so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. For some clinicians， particularly those involved in clinical research， these advances are already a reality. However， a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice， perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations， media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed， knowing one's entire genomic sequence is not the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be， and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype(鼓吹) and what is re at y for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful?

Finally， both professional and the public should have a realistic view of what is possible Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms， the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them?

66. Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with??

A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.?

B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past?

C.Physical examination remains essential in fine tuning a diagnosis.?

D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.?

67 What， according to the second paragraph， can be said of genetic medicine??

A.It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.?

B.It has been widely recognized among the physicians.?

C.It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.?

D.It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians?

68 The future of the genomic technologies， for the most part， lies in?

A.the greater potential of treating rare diseases

B.the greater efforts in the relevant clinical research?

C.the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ them?

D.the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals?

69. In the last paragraph， the author cautions against?

A.underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factors?

B.unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative power?

C.abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseases?

D.unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics?

70 0. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage??

A.Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians?

B.Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice?

C.Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine?

D.Genetic medicine is defined as “stratified”medicine

Passage Two?

【文章大意】 在諸如放射或生化檢驗(yàn)等的輔助下，作為疾病診斷和管理基礎(chǔ)的熟練記錄臨床病史和身 體檢查仍然至關(guān)重要。過(guò)去幾十年的技術(shù)進(jìn)步意味著這樣的檢驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)測(cè)量基因或基 因組生物標(biāo)記被完善或甚至在一些情況下被取代。(源于基因技術(shù)的)這些新的技術(shù)能力(經(jīng) 常被稱為‘分層'或‘個(gè)性化’醫(yī)療)有可能對(duì)行醫(yī)和醫(yī)療服務(wù)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。?

【答案詳解】 66.A 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中“These new capabilities， often termed “stratified(分層的) ， ”or “personalized” medicine， are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery. (源于基因技術(shù)的)這些新的技術(shù)能力(經(jīng)常被稱為‘分層’或‘個(gè) 性化’醫(yī)療)有可能對(duì)行醫(yī)和醫(yī)療服務(wù)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可知A項(xiàng)“個(gè)性化 醫(yī)療將大幅改變行醫(yī)”正確。B項(xiàng)“基因組生物標(biāo)記在過(guò)去已被大幅改善”；C項(xiàng)“身 體檢查在微調(diào)診斷方面仍然重要”；D項(xiàng)“記錄臨床病史在基因時(shí)代不再重要”。?

67.C 推理判斷題。由第二段中“In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population， physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.為 了在人群中公平地優(yōu)化(基因醫(yī)療的)好處，醫(yī)生和醫(yī)療服務(wù)需要做好準(zhǔn)備去改變和 適應(yīng)新工作方式?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可推知C項(xiàng)“它(即基因醫(yī)療)使醫(yī)療社區(qū)適應(yīng)性的改變 成為必要”正確。A項(xiàng)“它可以為所有遺傳疾病提供解決方案”；B項(xiàng)“它在醫(yī)生中 得到廣泛認(rèn)可”：D項(xiàng)“它被一小部分?？漆t(yī)生壟斷”。?

68.C 細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect， so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties.或許， 最大的挑戰(zhàn)是確保醫(yī)生愿意為了更好 的效果而使用這些基因技術(shù)， ，以便基因醫(yī)療成為主流醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的一部分?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可 知Ｃ項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生做更好的準(zhǔn)備去使用它們(基因醫(yī)療)”正確。A項(xiàng)“治療罕見(jiàn)病的更 大潛力”；B項(xiàng)“相關(guān)臨床研究方面更大的努力”；Ｄ項(xiàng)“在媒體描述中對(duì)它們的好處 進(jìn)行更大的宣傳”。?

69.B 推理判斷題。由最后一段中“Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms， the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low.盡管遺 傳(即基因)危險(xiǎn)因素在諸如心臟病和癌癥等常見(jiàn)病中的發(fā)現(xiàn)帶來(lái)了有關(guān)發(fā)病機(jī)理的 重要見(jiàn)解，但是個(gè)人遺傳變異的預(yù)測(cè)能力卻經(jīng)常很低?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)可推知Ｂ項(xiàng)“對(duì)遺傳 (即基因)預(yù)測(cè)能力的不現(xiàn)實(shí)期望”正確。A項(xiàng)“低估遺傳(即基因)危險(xiǎn)因素的重 要性”；C項(xiàng)“在治療常見(jiàn)病時(shí)濫用基因藥物”：D項(xiàng)“生物信息學(xué)意想不到的發(fā)展” 。?

70.C ： 主旨大意題。由文章第一段中“These new cap abilities， often termed “stratified(分層的) ， ” or “personalized" medicine， are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery. (源于基因技術(shù)的)這些新能力(經(jīng)常被稱為‘分層'或‘個(gè)性 化’醫(yī)療)有可能對(duì)行醫(yī)和醫(yī)療服務(wù)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響?！碧岢鑫恼轮行膬?nèi)容“基因醫(yī)療將對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)生重大影響”和后續(xù)段落圍繞這一內(nèi)容進(jìn)行可推知C項(xiàng)“基因醫(yī)療將對(duì) 醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)生重大影響”正確。A項(xiàng)“基因醫(yī)療應(yīng)該是醫(yī)生們的主流選擇”；B項(xiàng)“基因 醫(yī)療對(duì)行醫(yī)構(gòu)成巨大挑戰(zhàn)”；D項(xiàng)“基因醫(yī)療被定義為‘分層’醫(yī)療”。?

【長(zhǎng)難句剖析】

?1.Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management， aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests

【參考譯文】在諸如放射或生化檢驗(yàn)等的輔助下，作為疾病診斷和管理基礎(chǔ)的熟練記錄 臨床病史和身體檢查仍然至關(guān)重要。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential”； “as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management”為方式狀語(yǔ)； “aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests”為分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)“Skilled clinical h story-taking and physical examination”的后置定語(yǔ)。?

2.These new capabilities， often termed “stratified(分層的) ， ”or “personalized” medicine， are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.?

【參考譯文】(源于基因技術(shù)的)這些新能力(經(jīng)常被稱為‘分層’或‘個(gè)性化’醫(yī)療) 有可能對(duì)行醫(yī)和醫(yī)療服務(wù)產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“These new capabilities are likely to have profound effect”； “on the practice of medicine and service delivery”為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)； “often termed “stratified(分層的) ， ”or “personalized “medicine”為相當(dāng)于分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)“These new capabilities”的后置定語(yǔ)。 3.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect， so that g genetic c medicine ：is incorporated into mainstream specialties 【參考譯文】或許，最大的挑戰(zhàn)是確保醫(yī)生愿意為了更好的效果而使用這些基因技術(shù)， 以便基因醫(yī)療成為主流醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的一部分 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】句子主干為“the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies”； “for maximum effect”為目的狀語(yǔ)； “so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties”為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

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