Introduction

Rob and Neil discuss the origins of the Cornish pasty. This traditional tasty snack is popular around the world but does it have to be made in this region of England to make it a genuine Cornish pasty and are there other versions of it that are made elsewhere?

This week's question

What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it:?

a) Chicken, avocado and brie

b) Beef, potato and turnip

c) Pork, onion and chorizo

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript?

Neil

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

Rob

And I’m Rob.

Neil

Fancy a game of ‘food connections’, Rob? I’ll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?

Rob

Yeah, sure, let’s go!

Neil

Italy.

Rob

Erm…’pizza’ – or ‘lasagne’.

Rob

New York?

Neil

‘Hot dogs’, of course. Or maybe ‘bagels’. How about… Cornwall from the UK?

Rob

If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous ‘Cornish pasty’, right?

Neil

That’s right! Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs. In this programme we’ll be finding out all about Cornish pasties. We’ll hear how it’s gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.

Rob

But what exactly is a pasty, Neil? Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…

Neil

… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob. What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it:

a)????Chicken, avocado and brie

b)????Beef, potato and turnip

c)?????Pork, onion and chorizo

Rob

Well, chorizo is Spanish isn’t it? And avocado with brie doesn’t sound traditionally Cornish, so I’ll say b) beef, potato and turnip.

Neil

OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right. What’s for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme discovered. They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library. Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

There’s a lovely bit here where he’s describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does and he’s talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties: pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in?pewter dishes?or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties. So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it but also being made specifically for?labourers?- to be feeding labourers on a farm at?harvest time.

Rob

The earliest pasties were made in?pewter dishes?– a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called ‘pewter’.

Neil

And they were eaten by agricultural?labourers?– workers doing physical farm work during?harvest?time – the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.

Rob

But it wasn’t only farmers and labourers who ate pasties. As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:

Ruth Huxley, Cornish Pasty Association

Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of?mining.?And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.

Neil

Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the?mining?industry - digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.

Rob

So far we’ve been talking about Cornwall. But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil. How did that happen?

Neil

Well, that’s connected to the tin miners we just talked about. Here’s Polly Russell again:

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly?reminiscent?and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.

Neil

In the 19th century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life. Their pasty recipes were?replicated?– or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia.?

Rob

And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is?reminiscent of?pasties – meaning it reminds you of something similar, in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of… what’s was your quiz question again, Neil?

Neil

Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was? You said…

Rob

I said b) beef, potato and turnip.

Neil

And you were right! ‘Keslowena’, Rob – that’s Cornish for ‘congratulations’!

Rob

‘Heb grev’, Neil – that’s ‘no problem’!

Neil

In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie - really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri?empanadas?and spicy Jamaican?patties.

Rob

So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.

Neil

Today we’ve been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England, originally made in?pewter dishes?– a silver-coloured metal dish.

Rob

Pasties were eaten by agricultural?labourers?– farm workers bringing in the autumn?harvest?– the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields, and also by workers in the tin?mining?industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.

Neil

Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were?replicated?– cooked again in the same way.

Rob

In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today, almost every corner of the world has food?reminiscent of?– or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.

Neil

That’s all for today. Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

Rob

Bye.

Vocabulary

1. pewter dishes

traditional dishes made from a silver-coloured metal called pewter

2. labourers

people who do physical work, especially outdoors??

3. harvest

the time of year when crops like wheat or barley are cut and collected from the fields

4. mining

digging up materials such as coal, diamonds or metals like gold and tin from the ground

5. replicated

done again in exactly the same way

6. reminiscent (of)

making you remember a particular person, place or thing

雙語(yǔ)版Transcript

Neil

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Neil.

大家好我是尼爾，歡迎收聽英語(yǔ)六分鐘。

Rob

And I’m Rob.

嗨 我是羅伯

Neil

Fancy a game of ‘food connections’, Rob? I’ll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?

假設(shè)一個(gè)“食物聯(lián)想”游戲，我說(shuō)一個(gè)地方，然后你說(shuō)出第一個(gè)想到的食物。準(zhǔn)備？

Rob

Yeah, sure, let’s go!

當(dāng)然，開始吧！

Neil

Italy.

意大利

Rob

Erm…’pizza’ – or ‘lasagne’.

“披薩” –或“千層面”。

Rob

New York?

紐約？

Neil

‘Hot dogs’, of course. Or maybe ‘bagels’. How about… Cornwall from the UK?

當(dāng)然是“熱狗”或許 “百吉餅”。英國(guó)的康沃爾郡？

Rob

If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous ‘Cornish pasty’, right?

如果是康沃爾郡，那一定是著名的“康沃爾餡餅”吧？

Neil

That’s right! Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs. In this programme we’ll be finding out all about Cornish pasties. We’ll hear how it’s gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.

沒錯(cuò)！康沃爾是英國(guó)西南端的地區(qū)，以其餡餅而聞名，就像紐約的熱狗一樣。在這期節(jié)目中，我們將探尋關(guān)于康沃爾餡餅的一切。我們將了解它如何從不起眼的開始變成康沃爾的象征，并在世界上傳播到牙買加，阿根廷和巴西。

Rob

But what exactly is a pasty, Neil? Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…

到底是什么餡餅？介于派和三明治之間，對(duì)嗎？一塊油酥點(diǎn)心，翻轉(zhuǎn)并沿側(cè)面卷邊形成兩個(gè)角。

Neil

… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob. What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it:

a) Chicken, avocado and brie

b) Beef, potato and turnip

c) Pork, onion and chorizo

并且包含了不同的食材-這使我想起了測(cè)驗(yàn)問(wèn)題。正宗康沃爾餡餅的傳統(tǒng)餡料是什么？是：

a）雞肉，鱷梨和咸味乳酪

b）牛肉，土豆和蕪菁

c）豬肉，洋蔥和香腸

Rob

Well, chorizo is Spanish isn’t it? And avocado with brie doesn’t sound traditionally Cornish, so I’ll say b) beef, potato and turnip.

香腸不是西班牙的嗎？而且牛油果和布里干酪聽起來(lái)不像康沃爾語(yǔ)，所以我要說(shuō)b）牛肉，土豆和蕪菁

Neil

OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right. What’s for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme discovered. They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library. Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:

待會(huì)我們會(huì)知道你是否正確?？梢钥隙ǖ氖牵珺BC廣播電臺(tái)4的食物節(jié)目發(fā)現(xiàn)，康沃爾餡餅歷史悠久。他們與大英圖書館的公共生活館長(zhǎng)Polly Russell博士進(jìn)行了交談。這里，她讀出了17世紀(jì)晚期對(duì)餡餅的最早提及之一：

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

There’s a lovely bit here where he’s describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does and he’s talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties: pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties. So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it but also being made specifically for labourers - to be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.

在這里有個(gè)有趣的地方，他在描述赫特福德郡一名家庭主婦的所作所為，談?wù)撍鲐i肉派和豬肉餡餅的方式：餡餅可以用土鍋或白镴盤制作，或是折疊為兩角餡餅。因此，我認(rèn)為這是對(duì)餡餅的早期提及，我們知道它也是專門為勞動(dòng)者做的-在收獲時(shí)為農(nóng)場(chǎng)的勞工提供食物。

Rob

The earliest pasties were made in pewter dishes – a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called ‘pewter’.

最早的餡餅是用白镴盤制作的，這是一種由叫pewter的銀色金屬制成的傳統(tǒng)烹飪盤

Neil

And they were eaten by agricultural labourers – workers doing physical farm work during harvest time – the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.

他們被(農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)者)agricultural labourers吃掉了- 豐收期間從事體力勞動(dòng)的人 - harvest time是在秋天從田間砍下并收獲小麥等農(nóng)作物的幾周時(shí)間。

Rob

But it wasn’t only farmers and labourers who ate pasties. As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:

但是吃餡餅的不僅是農(nóng)民和勞動(dòng)者。除了康沃爾郡的農(nóng)場(chǎng)和漁業(yè)外，康沃爾郡還以錫礦聞名?？滴譅栶W餅協(xié)會(huì)的Ruth Huxley解釋說(shuō)：

Ruth Huxley, Cornish Pasty Association

Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of mining. And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.

餡餅會(huì)被很多人工作時(shí)吃掉，但在礦井下工作更好，康沃爾成為了世界礦業(yè)之都。于是制作了很多餡餅，吃了很多餡餅，然后采礦界遍及全球，攜帶的餡餅遍及全球。

Neil

Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the mining industry - digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.

餡餅被從事采礦業(yè)的饑餓的工人吃掉- the mining industry從地下挖出煤或金或康沃爾郡的錫。

Rob

So far we’ve been talking about Cornwall. But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil. How did that happen?

到目前為止，我們一直在談?wù)摽滴譅柨?。但是你說(shuō)過(guò)，康沃爾餡餅已經(jīng)遍布世界各地，尼爾。那是怎么發(fā)生的？

Neil

Well, that’s connected to the tin miners we just talked about. Here’s Polly Russell again:

這與我們剛才談到的錫礦工人有關(guān)。再聽聽Polly Russell：

Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library

This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.

這被復(fù)制，不僅在墨西哥，還隨著移民傳到美國(guó)，明尼蘇達(dá)，到加拿大，到澳大利亞。因此，現(xiàn)在前往那些地方的人都將看到令人回味和熟悉的食物，比如康沃爾餡餅。

Neil

In the 19th century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life. Their pasty recipes were replicated – or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia.?

在19世紀(jì)，許多康沃爾錫礦工人移居國(guó)外，開始了更美好的生活。從美國(guó)到澳大利亞，他們的餡餅食譜在他們登陸的新地方得到復(fù)制replicated。

Rob

And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is reminiscent of pasties – meaning it reminds you of something similar, in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of… what’s was your quiz question again, Neil?

這就是為什么在世界上的許多地方都能找到讓人聯(lián)想到的餡餅的食物- reminiscent意味著它使你想到類似的東西，這里指想到康沃爾餡餅......它的傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)陷是……你的測(cè)試問(wèn)題是？

?

Neil

Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was? You said…

我問(wèn)你傳統(tǒng)的康沃爾餡餅里面包的是什么？你說(shuō)…

Rob

I said b) beef, potato and turnip.

我說(shuō)過(guò)b）牛肉，土豆和蕪菁

Neil

And you were right! ‘Keslowena’, Rob – that’s Cornish for ‘congratulations’!

你說(shuō)得對(duì)！Keslowena，這是康沃爾的“祝賀”

Rob

‘Heb grev’, Neil – that’s ‘no problem’!

‘Heb grev’, 表示沒問(wèn)題

Neil

In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie - really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri empanadas and spicy Jamaican patties.

實(shí)際上，其他餡料（香腸，鱷梨和咸味乳酪）的確出現(xiàn)在今年年度世界餡餅錦標(biāo)賽---每年春季在康沃爾郡舉行。其他受到餡餅啟發(fā)的創(chuàng)意包括阿根廷chimichurri 肉餡卷餅和牙買加辣餡餅。

Rob

So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.

因此餡餅依然很流行，無(wú)論在康沃爾郡還是在世界范圍內(nèi)。

Neil

Today we’ve been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England, originally made in pewter dishes – a silver-coloured metal dish.

今天，我們一直在討論康沃爾餡餅--一種來(lái)自英格蘭西南部的含餡面點(diǎn)，最初是用白鑞餐具--- 一種銀色金屬餐具---制成的。

Rob

Pasties were eaten by agricultural labourers – farm workers bringing in the autumn harvest – the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields, and also by workers in the tin mining industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.

餡餅被農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)者agricultural labourers吃掉了–autumn harvest是從田地里收割農(nóng)作物的時(shí)間，也被錫礦開采業(yè)的工人吃掉–tin mining industry是從地下挖出錫等金屬。

Neil

Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were replicated – cooked again in the same way.

后來(lái)，當(dāng)這些礦工移民到新地方時(shí)，餡餅被復(fù)制replicated -用相同的方法再次烹飪。

Rob

In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today, almost every corner of the world has food reminiscent of – or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.

事實(shí)上，康沃爾礦工移居到這么多新國(guó)家，在今天，世界上幾乎每一個(gè)角落都有食物讓人聯(lián)想到reminiscent of康沃爾餡餅。

Neil

That’s all for today. Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary on 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

這就是今天的全部?jī)?nèi)容……再見！