口譯概論

Interpreting is needed in every possible domain and setting.
the Oval Office 美國總統(tǒng)辦公室
prisoner interrogations 犯人審訊
NGO: non-government organization
corporate board 公司董事會(huì)
the UN Security Council 聯(lián)合國安理會(huì)

Definition
Interpreting is an oral form of translation, a service that lets people communicate across language barriers.
Interpreters mediate communication between people speaking different languages.
* mediate communication: Interpreters help speakers and listeners bridge cultural and cognitive gaps.
（spoken & sign language）

Characteristics
immediate & irreversible
extemporaneousness 即席
stressfulness 緊張
independence 獨(dú)立
comprehensiveness 綜合
miscellaneousness 多面

Modes of Interpreting
shorter or longer consecutive 交替?zhèn)髯g
simultaneous (SI) 同聲傳譯
simultaneous with text （SI-text）
sight translation（ST）視譯
whispered interpreting（chuchotage）耳語傳譯

交替?zhèn)髯g：新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，外交部發(fā)言，記者招待會(huì)等（CCTV NEWS)

community/conference/health or medical/liaison or escort（旅游，博物館等）/legal or judicial/sign language/trilingual interpreters

Process

source language??target language （listen/read/see??speak）good speaker & listener
immediate & irreversible
finish on the spot
live context
once-only production under pressure

Requirements （LKSP）
Language proficiency (source & target language)
Knowledge（general & local）
Skills（general & specific）
Professionalism（optimize the service）

read between the lines 體會(huì)隱含之意; 領(lǐng)會(huì)言外之意 ? ??

口譯定義：

Interpreting is an oral form of translation, a service that lets people communicate across language barriers.
Interpreters mediate communication between people speaking different languages.
* mediate communication: Interpreters help speakers and listeners bridge cultural and cognitive gaps.

KEY POINT：

communication | service targrt (source language??target language) | bridge

口譯類型：

consecutive interpreting 交替?zhèn)髯g?
simultaneous interpreting 同聲傳譯
sight interpreting 視譯
whispered interpreting 耳語傳譯
liaison interpreting 聯(lián)絡(luò)傳譯

conference/community/court/sign language interpreting 會(huì)議/社區(qū)/法庭/手語口譯

口譯的類型，可按照口譯的形式、方向，任務(wù)等進(jìn)行一下分類：

1、形式分類法：連續(xù)口譯、同聲傳譯、聯(lián)絡(luò)口譯、接力口譯、耳語口譯、視譯;

2、方向分類法：單向口譯、雙向口譯。

3、任務(wù)分類法：會(huì)議口譯、陪同口譯、技術(shù)口譯、外事口譯、軍事口譯、商貿(mào)口譯、醫(yī)學(xué)口 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 譯、展覽口譯、導(dǎo)游口譯等。

視譯練習(xí)：

現(xiàn)在是雙方改變僵硬立場、表現(xiàn)靈活態(tài)度的時(shí)候了。

Now, it’s time to change the rigid stand between the two sides, and to show flexible attitude.

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?