背景、符號(hào)標(biāo)記等見(jiàn)序言

33.1 "Deos hominesque testamur, imperator, nos arma neque contra patriam cepisse neque quo periculum aliis faceremus, sed uti corpora nostra ab iniuria tuta forent, qui miseri, egentes, violentia atque crudelitate faeneratorum plerique patriae, sed omnes fama atque fortunis expertes sumus. Neque cuiquam nostrum licuit more maiorum lege uti, neque amisso patrimonio liberum corpus habere: tanta saevitia faeneratorum atque praetoris fuit.

洛：“We call gods and men to witness, general, that we have taken up arms, not against our fatherland nor to bring danger upon others, but to protect our own persons from outrage; for we are wretched and destitute, many of us have been driven from our country by the violence and cruelty of the moneylenders, while all have lost repute and fortune. None of us has been allowed, in accordance with the usage of our forefathers, to enjoy the protection of the law and retain our personal liberty after being stripped of our patrimony, such was the inhumanity of the moneylenders and the praetor.

試：We make gods and humans witness, general, that we grasped weapons neither against our fatherland nor in order that we would make danger for others, but in order that our bodies should be safe from injustice, who are miserable and needy, the most people of fatherland, for violence and cruelty of the usurers, and also we are all without fame or fortune. It is neither allowed for anyone of us to use law as the custom of our ancestors, nor to have free body when our inheritance given up: such was the severity of usurers and praetor.

思考：

1. violentia atque...patriae一句，應(yīng)該是包括在之前的定語(yǔ)從句qui miseri...中的，因?yàn)関iolentia和crudelitate都是奪格表原因。plerique應(yīng)該是先行詞？

2. 接上一條，有的版本的patriae作patria，兩種版本的意思是plerique，試譯按此處理，或許可將plerique也理解為屬格，那樣一來(lái)構(gòu)成嵌套的的屬格結(jié)構(gòu)，這一句需要包括在前面的定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)；若作patria，則其為分離奪格，洛譯即按此處理（但其給出的原文是patriae，只是做了注釋）。

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33.2 Saepe maiores vostrum, miseriti plebis Romanae, decretis suis inopiae eius opitulati sunt; ac novissume memoria nostra propter magnitudinem aeris alieni volentibus omnibus bonis argentum aere solutum est.

洛：Your forefathers often took pity on the Roman commons and relieved their necessities by senatorial decrees, and not long ago, within our own memory, because of the great amount of their debt, silver was paid in copper with the general consent of the nobles.

試：Your ancestors, often pitying the Roman plebs, brought aid to the latter’s poverty with their decision; and very lately in our memory, because of the greatness of their debt, silver was paid in copper by all willing good men.

思考：

1. volentibus...bonis不是施事奪格，似乎是指定奪格？（“以所有良善之人希望的方式（支付）”）

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33.3 Saepe ipsa plebs, aut dominandi studio permota aut superbia magistratuum armata, a patribus secessit.

洛：Often the commons themselves, actuated by a desire to rule or incensed at the arrogance of the magistrates, have taken up arms and seceded from the patricians.

試：The plebs themselves, often excited by the eager of dominion or the haughtiness of magistrates, armed, withdrew from patricians.

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33.4 At nos non imperium neque divitias petimus, quarum rerum causa bella atque certamina omnia inter mortalis sunt, sed libertatem, quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittit.

洛：But we ask neither for power nor for riches, the usual causes of wars and strife among mortals, but only for freedom, which no true man gives up except with his life.

試：But we don’t seek power or wealth, of which the cause of war and all contests among humans are, but liberty, which no good man give up unless together with his soul.

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33.5 Te atque senatum obtestamur: consulatis miseris civibus, legis praesidium, quod iniquitas praetoris eripuit, restituatis neve nobis eam necessitudinem inponatis, ut quaeramus, quonam modo maxume ulti sanguinem nostrum pereamus!"

洛：We implore you and the senate to take thought for your unhappy countrymen, to restore the bulwark of the law, of which the praetor's injustice has deprived us, and not to impose upon us the necessity of asking ourselves how we may sell our lives most dearly."

試：We call you and the senate as witness: you should consider the interests of miserable citizens, the law of protection, which the inequality of praetor took away, you can restore that to us, or impose the necessity as we shall seek, in which way pray we shall perish, avenging our blood most greatly!”

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段落大意 (33)：

曼利烏斯表示，他們拿起武器不是為了傷害普通民眾與國(guó)家，而是為了對(duì)抗殘暴的高利貸者與官員。羅馬歷史上有過(guò)良心發(fā)現(xiàn)的貴族，也有過(guò)起兵反抗的平民，當(dāng)下解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵只在于元老院是否愿意憐憫悲慘的民眾。

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34.1 Ad haec Q. Marcius respondit, si quid ab senatu petere vellent, ab armis discedant, Romam supplices proficiscantur; ea mansuetudine atque misericordia senatum populi Romani semper fuisse, ut nemo umquam ab eo frustra auxilium petiverit.

洛：To this address Quintus Mucius made answer, that if they wished to ask anything of the senate, they must lay down their arms and come to Rome as suppliants; that the senate of the Roman people had always been so compassionate and merciful that no one had ever asked it for succour and been refused.

試：Quintus Marcius answered to this, if they wished to seek something the senate, they should lay down their arms, go to Rome in supplication; the senate of Roman people always has that mildness and sympathy, that not anyone would seek help from it in vain.

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34.2 At Catilina ex itinere plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique litteras mittit: Se falsis criminibus circumventum, quoniam factioni inimicorum resistere nequiverit, fortunae cedere, Massiliam in exsilium proficisci, non quo sibi tanti sceleris conscius esset, sed uti res publica quieta foret neve ex sua contentione seditio oreretur.

洛：But on the way Catiline sent letters to many of the consulars and to the most prominent of the other nobles, saying that since he was beset by false accusations and unable to cope with the intrigues of his personal enemies, he bowed to fate and was on his way to exile at Massilia; not that he confessed to the dreadful crime with which he was charged, but in order that his country might be at peace and that no dissension might arise from a struggle on his part.

試：But from the way Catiline sent letters to many consulars, besides to all the most honourable men: he was surrounded by false accusations, because he was unable to resist the party of enemies, he yielded to fortune, set out to Massilia in exile, not that he was conscious of such crime, but that the state should be peaceful and mutiny should not rise from his dispute.

思考：

1. non quo...esset是結(jié)果從句，而sed uti...oreretur是目的從句。

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34.3 Ab his longe divorsas litteras Q. Catulus in senatu recitavit, quas sibi nomine Catilinae redditas dicebat. Earum exemplum infra scriptum est:

洛：A very different letter was read in the senate by Quintus Catulus, who said that it had been sent him in Catiline's name. The following is an exact copy of this letter:

試：Quintus Catulus recited a different letter far away from this, which to him he said rendered in the name of Catiline. The copy of that letter has been written below:

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段落大意 (34)：

瑪爾奇烏斯·列克斯回復(fù)說(shuō)，他們要先放下武器，元老院自然會(huì)表示同情。與此同時(shí)喀提林向許多貴族寫(xiě)信表示自己是遭人誣陷，為了國(guó)家的和平才自甘流放。但克溫圖斯·卡圖路斯在元老院上讀了一封不同版本的信。

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35.1 "L. Catilina Q. Catulo. (Egregia tua) fides [re] (cognita), (grata) mihi magnis in meis periculis, fiduciam commendationi meae tribuit.

洛：Lucius Catilina to Quintus Catulus. Your eminent loyalty, known by experience and grateful to me in my extreme peril, lends confidence to my plea.

試：Lucius Catiline to Quintus Catullus. Your distinguished faith known by fact, dear to me in my great dangers, have granted the confidence of my recommendation.

思考：

1. cognita是fides的定語(yǔ)，而不是re的定語(yǔ)。后者是原因奪格，指Q.Catulus為Catilina辯護(hù)一事，而cognita指的是“為喀提林所知”。

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35.2 Quam ob rem defensionem in novo consilio non statui parare; satisfactionem ex nulla conscientia de culpa proponere decrevi, quam, me dius fidius, veram licet cognoscas.

洛：I have therefore resolved to make no defence of my unusual conduct; that I offer an explanation is due to no feeling of guilt, and I am confident that you will be able to admit its justice.

試：Because of that reason I have decided not to prepare defending in my recent plan to the situation; to display apology from no sense about the guilt, which, divine Fidius help me, it is allowed that you shall know true.

思考：

1. quam...cognoscas的先行詞應(yīng)該是satisfactio，或者應(yīng)該是上一個(gè)分句暗示的“ex nulla conscientia de culpa”這一情況？

2. me dius fidius是插入的感嘆詞。licet直譯可能略顯生硬，它與cognoscas搭配，意為“你可以知道”。

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35.3 Iniuriis contumeliisque concitatus, quod fructu laboris industriaeque meae privatus statum dignitatis non obtinebam, publicam miserorum causam pro mea consuetudine suscepi, non quin aes alienum meis nominibus ex possessionibus solvere non possem – et alienis nominibus liberalitas Orestillae suis filiaeque copiis persolveret – sed quod non dignos homines honore honestatos videbam meque falsa suspicione alienatum esse sentiebam.

洛：Maddened by wrongs and slights, since I had been robbed of the fruits of my toil and energy and was unable to attain to a position of honour,I followed my i usual custom and took up the general cause of the unfortunate; not that I could not pay my personal debts from my own estate (and the liberality of Orestilla sufficed with her own and her daughter's resources to pay off even the obligations incurred through others), but because I saw the unworthy elevated to honours, and realized that I was an outcast because of baseless suspicion.

試：I am excited by injustice and abuses, because I didn’t maintain a position of dignity when stripped away from the fruit of my labour and diligence, I supported the affair of state of miseries, not because I was not able to pay the debt with my names from the possession – and the generosity of Orestilla, for her own wealth, and of her daughter could pay the debt with others’?names – but because I saw not dignity men dignified with honour and felt that I was alienated by false suspicion.

1. non quin...non possem是原因從句，而不是quin引導(dǎo)的實(shí)詞性從句或結(jié)果從句，因?yàn)楹笳咝枰黠@的全稱否定條件或表示否定或猶豫的動(dòng)詞，這一點(diǎn)可參考A&G540.2、588、589條。因?yàn)閚on quin...本身就等價(jià)于not because...not...（不是因?yàn)闆](méi)有（做）），如果按此段文字的字面意思（non possem），則從句內(nèi)部會(huì)出現(xiàn)雙重否定，意思就變成了“不是因?yàn)槲夷苤Ц丁?。結(jié)合上下文意和多種譯本的解釋，筆者只能姑且認(rèn)為這個(gè)否定詞non是作者的失誤，實(shí)際并無(wú)此意，希望這一看法能得到更好的指正。

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35.4 Hoc nomine (satis honestas) pro meo casu spes (reliquae dignitatis conservandae) sum secutus.

洛：It is for this reason that, in order to preserve what prestige I have left, I have adopted measures which are honourable enough considering my situation.

試：With this reason, for my chance, I followed the quite proper expectations of preserving my rest dignity.

試（中）：因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，我追隨了非常合理的期望，那就是要保全我剩余的名譽(yù)，以此作為我的機(jī)會(huì)。

思考：

1. 洛譯將spes...sum secutus作為常見(jiàn)搭配來(lái)處理（“adopted measures”）。

2. 洛譯把casu譯為situation感覺(jué)過(guò)于牽強(qiáng)？Chambers Murray與Lewis&Short詞典均無(wú)此義。

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35.5 Plura cum scribere vellem, nuntiatum est vim mihi parari.

洛：When I would write more, word comes that I am threatened with violence.

試：When I wished to write more, it was reported that violence was prepared to me.

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35.6 Nunc Orestillam commendo tuaeque fidei trado; eam ab iniuria defendas per liberos tuos (rogatus)! Haveto!"

洛：Now I commend Orestilla to you and entrust her to your loyalty. Protect her from insult, I beseech you in the name of your own children. Farewell."

試：Now I entrusted and hand over Orestilla to your faith; please defend her from injustice when you are begged for the sake of your children! Farewell!”

思考：

1. rogatus的中心語(yǔ)是Q.Catulus，施事者是Catilina。這種結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該算是固定搭配？

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段落大意 (35)：

在這封信中，喀提林再次強(qiáng)調(diào)自己是遭人陷害。同時(shí)他還指責(zé)時(shí)局黑暗，暗示自己已采取進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)。

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36.1 Sed ipse paucos dies conmoratus apud C. Flaminium in agro Arretino, dum vicinitatem antea sollicitatam armis exornat, cum fascibus atque aliis imperi insignibus in castra ad Manlium contendit.

洛：Catiline himself, after spending a few days with Gaius Flaminius in the vicinity of Arretium, where he supplied arms to the populace, which had already been roused to revolt, hastened to join Manlius in his camp, taking with him the fasces and the other emblems of authority.

試：But this man stayed a few days near Gaius Flaminus in Arrentium, when he equipped the neighbourhood, the incited men with arms before, with fasces and other distinguished things of command, he hurried to Manlius in the camp.

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36.2 Haec ubi Romae comperta sunt, senatus Catilinam et Manlium hostis iudicat, ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere praeter rerum capitalium condemnatis.

洛：As soon as this became known at Rome, the senate pronounced Catiline and Manlius traitors and named a day before which the rest of the conspirators might lay down their arms and escape punishment, excepting those under sentence for capital offences.

試：When these things had been learned to Rome, the senate declared Catiline and Manlius as enemies, determined the day for the rest of the crowd, before which it was allowed to leave weapon without damage, except to the men condemned of capital crime.

思考：

1. condemnatis應(yīng)該是與格，因?yàn)閜raeter做介詞只能接賓格，此處應(yīng)該是副詞+與格。

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36.3 Praeterea decernit, uti consules dilectum habeant, Antonius cum exercitu Catilinam persequi maturet, Cicero urbi praesidio sit.

洛：It was further voted that the consuls should hold a levy and that Antonius with an army should at once pursue Catiline, while Cicero defended the capital.

試：Besides it decided that consuls should make a picking, Antonius should hasten to pursue Catiline with army, Cicero should be the defence of the city.

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36.4 Ea tempestate mihi imperium populi Romani multo maxume miserabile visum est. Cui cum ad occasum ab ortu solis omnia domita armis parerent, domi otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant, adfluerent, fuere tamen cives, qui seque remque publicam obstinatis animis perditum irent.

洛：At no other time has the condition of imperial Rome, as it seems to me, been more pitiable. The whole world, from the rising of the sun to its setting, subdued by her arms, rendered obedience to her; at home there was peace and an abundance of wealth, which mortal men deem the chiefest of blessings. Yet there were citizens who from sheer perversity were bent upon their own ruin and that of their country.

試：At that time the dominion of Roman People seemed to me to be the most pitiable to all. To it when all things from the rising and setting of the sun, conquered by arms, were ready, leisure of peace and wealth, which humans seek first, flowed towards, there were still some citizens, who went to a ruined self and state with their stubborn souls.

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36.5 Namque duobus senati decretis ex tanta multitudine neque praemio inductus coniurationem patefecerat neque ex castris Catilinae quisquam omnium discesserat: tanta vis morbi ac veluti tabes plerosque civium animos invaserat.

洛：For in spite of the two decrees of the senate not one man of all that great number was led by the promised reward to betray the conspiracy, and not a single one deserted Catiline's camp; such was the potency of the malady which like a plague had infected the minds of many of our countrymen.

試：And for, with two decisions of the senate, anyone of all from such a crowd neither induced by the reward, had brought the conspiracy to light, nor had left the camp of Catiline: such force of disease invaded the most souls of citizens, just like pestilence.

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段落大意 (36)：

喀提林此時(shí)已武裝起了他的人手并與曼利烏斯會(huì)合。元老院宣布這兩人為公敵，對(duì)于從犯宣布了最后投降的期限，同時(shí)開(kāi)始采取軍事行動(dòng)。作者認(rèn)為，此時(shí)的羅馬是可悲的：一方面它是世界上最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，另一方面它的公民如此愿意聽(tīng)信喀提林的煽動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)它。