七七 | 閱讀理解方法論×2022新高考I卷精講

???

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

• Introduction to：……的導(dǎo)讀

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.

Group Assignments (30%) 【大學(xué)生最恨這個(gè)東西了】

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作業(yè)) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it?is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook.

B. An exam paper.

C. A course plan.?

D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?

A. Two.

B. Three.?

C. Four.

D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero.?【receive = earn】

B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test.

D. You will have to rewrite it.

• due date：到期日
• letter：字母

C

The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善組織) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

• wellbeing：幸福

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens?out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.

“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the?hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities,?and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,?and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

⑦Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on?the?project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We?are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in?the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative?activities.”

28. What is the purpose of the project?

【問目的：to do】

A. To ensure harmony in care homes.

B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.【笑死，還讓老年人做兼職】

C. To raise money for medical research.

D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.?

• harmony：和諧
• care homes：養(yǎng)老院
• welfare：福利

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills.

【形容詞是限定】

B. She has gained a sense of achievement.?

C. She has recovered her memory.

D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?

A. Improve.

B. Oppose.

C. Begin.?

D. Evaluate.

• evaluate：評(píng)價(jià)

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received.

B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable.

D. It takes ages to see the results.

• It is well received.：大受歡迎的

???

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away —?from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

• jaw-dropping：驚掉下巴的

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”

If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish?you won’t eat.” Curtin says.

• 【weather…or…：要么…要么…】
• side dish：配菜

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste.

B. We waste food unintentionally at times. ?

C. We waste more vegetables than meat.

D. We have good reasons for wasting food.

• unintentionally：不帶意識(shí)地

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline.

B. Environmental harm. ?

C. Energy shortage.

D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin’s company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment.

B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.

D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.?

• equipment：設(shè)備

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed.?

B. Reduce food consumption.【原文沒這樣說】

C. Go shopping once a week.

D. Eat in restaurants less often.?

原文是說A：不要買太多；B：不想吃的讓廚師不要做

D

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more?common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in?human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called?labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate?softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,?Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were?aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the?lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it?easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of?agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone?didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the?sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing?remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the?languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present?when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use / has?not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge?variety / of speech sounds / that we find today / is the product / of a complex interplay / of things?/ like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research?team.

• not necessarily：不一定
• rather：相當(dāng)

32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?

A. Its variety.

B. Its distribution.

C. Its quantity.

D. Its development.?

33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.

B. They could not open and close their lips easily.

C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.?

D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.

34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. Supporting evidence for the research results.?

B. Potential application of the research findings.

C. A further explanation of the research methods.

D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.

35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A. It is key to effective communication.

B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.【因果相反。原文是我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的語音是人們相互之間的產(chǎn)物。

人們相互之間→各種各樣的語音】

C. It is a complex and dynamic system.?

【dynamic = change】

D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

【也是因果相反。原文是各種各樣的語音是生物改變+文化演變等事物相互作用的產(chǎn)物。

是生物改變+文化演變→各種各樣的語音】

更多筆記可以在我的主頁→投稿→專欄里找到