====Chapeter2: Brain and Behavior

First, for the sake of simplicity, we have assigned functions to?

each “part” of the brain as if it were a computer. This is only a half-truth.?

-

Human experience also shapes the brain’s circuits /'s??k?t/回路.?

===Chapter3: Human Development

=Question 3.1: How do heredity遺傳 and environment affect development?

Parents are asking for failure when they try to force a child to learn skills?

too early or too late.

Events that occur during a sensitive period can permanently alter the?

course of development.

Adults who grew up in poverty often remain trapped陷入困境的 in a?

vicious cycle惡性循環(huán) of continued poverty.?

Many studies have shown that enriched environments?

improve abilities or enhance development.

=Question 3.2: What can newborn babies do?

=Question 3.3: Of what significance is a child’s emotional bond with adults?

=Question 3.4: How important are parenting styles?

=Question 3.5: How do children acquire language?

=Question 3.6: How do children learn to think?

Parents should avoid forced teaching, or “hothousing,” which is?

like trying to force plants to bloom prematurely.?

-

Forcing children to learn reading, math, gymnastics, swimming, or?

music at an accelerated pace can bore使厭煩 or oppress壓迫 them.?

-

True intellectual enrichment respects the child’s interests.?

It does not make the child feel pressured to perform.

=Question 3.7: Why is the transition from adolescence to adulthood?

especially challenging?

=Question 3.8: How do we develop morals and values?

=Question 3.9: What are the typical tasks and dilemmas through the life span?

=Question 3.10: What is involved in well-being during middle and later adulthood?

Psychologist Carol Ryff believes that well-being during adulthood has six elements:

?1. Self-acceptance

?2. Positive relations with others

?3. Autonomy (personal freedom)

?4. Environmental mastery

?5. A purpose in life

?6. Continued personal growth

★Sharing life’s joys and sorrows with others, coupled with加上 a better?

understanding of how the world works, can help carry people through?

midlife and into their later years.