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2023專八備考之改錯,一起努力吧

2023-03-02 16:18 作者:HollyDaily  | 我要投稿

關于我的改錯筆記1

改錯技巧:先略讀原文

1. 短語搭配錯誤、

2. 易混詞錯誤、

3.邏輯關系詞錯誤、

4. 代詞錯誤、

5. 冠詞錯誤、

6. 形容詞與副詞錯誤、

7. 成分殘缺或多余、

8. 時態(tài)錯誤、

9.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞誤用、

10. 從句引導詞的誤用




常錯題

any-any other其他的

any-either任一端(兩端)

a million/hundred/thousand/billion of book-books

life costs-living costs

interests-interest興趣沒有復數(shù)利益有復數(shù)

the very survival- the very+名詞,very 的這種用法表示加強語氣,可以譯為“同一的”、“正是的”、“恰好的”,它的前面通常用定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞等。例如:He died in this very room. 他就是在這個房間里去世的。That might provoke a riot, the very thing he was trying to avoid. 那可能會激起一場騷亂,而這正是他竭力想要避免的。(摘自《朗文當代高級英語辭典》第六版 very )

even if雖然-even(even if 在語法功能上相當于連詞,后面加句子。而even 是副詞,作狀語,后面不能直接加句子)

as about-as if /as though about好像要

make an act-perform/do an act

raise加賓語-rise起身提高

post郵遞-posture姿勢,態(tài)度

a few miles far-a few miles away還有幾英里遠

?Large numbers of us remains- Large numbers of us remain

firstly首先 hear-first初次 hear

holding a community-holding a community together是把社區(qū)團結(jié)在一起的工具

literal字面意思-literate有能力的(人)-literary文學的literacy讀寫能力-literature文學

the price of sth in- the price of sth with..以什么方法算錢

facial value-face value面值

small amount of-a small amount of/amounts of+單數(shù),the amount of sth…的數(shù)量(不可數(shù))+復數(shù) a large(great,good)amount of +不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù);但(large,great,good)amounts of + 可數(shù)名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。

some kind of 某種某些-some kinds of 有些種類

be unconscious with- be unconscious of

speak out大聲說-speak說出來

ask問-ask for請求(ask about詢問)

handle with-handle/deal with

all/some of 不可數(shù)可數(shù)單復數(shù),both of 可數(shù)復數(shù), neither of/either of 單數(shù)

per every day-per day/every day

on average of

將as 改為while或者whereas, sth as sth-sth while/whereas sth

provide for-provide/account for占

despite of- despite +n, in spite of

no more than僅僅,more than 不僅僅

whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever, however用法歸納 一、引導狀語從句它們都可用來引導狀語從句(讓步狀語從句),其大意為“無論什么(是誰、哪一個、什么時候、什么地方、如何)”等,相當于英語中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。二、除引導狀語從句外,whatever, whoever, whichever等還可引導名詞性從句三、用于加強語氣

含有“究竟”、“到底”之義。

一、Even though 用于總是做某事或提及事實時,even when 用于偶爾做某事時,even if 是指很少做或只是想象的事情,例如:

?

Even though Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.

?

盡管鮑勃學習很努力,但他的法語考試還是不及格。

?

解析:鮑勃總是努力學習。但不幸的是,他沒有通過測試。

?

Even when Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.

?

即使鮑勃學習很努力,他的法語考試還是不及格。

?

解析:鮑勃有時學習很用功,但實際上沒有什么不同。他每次學習都不及格。

?

Even if Bob studied very hard, he still failed his French tests.

?

即使鮑勃學習很努力,他的法語考試還是不及格。

?

解析:鮑勃平時學習不努力。但在他努力學習的罕見情況下,他仍然沒有通過考試。

二、However, but, yet, while, whereas 表轉(zhuǎn)折的區(qū)別

however:?然而,不過。位置句首、句中,用逗號隔開;語氣比but?弱,不直接引出相反意見。用作副詞較常見。

but:?但是,用來引出相反意見或不同情況,常用于口語中。連接兩個并列的成分或句子,語氣較強,在意義上構(gòu)成明顯的對比。與前分句可用(可不用)逗號,與后分句不用逗號。

but?一般不可與?yet, however,?nevertheless?等連接性狀語連用,但可以和on?the?contrary,?on?the?other?hand,?still?等連用

yet:?作連詞時,“然而,可是,卻,而”,與but相比,比較的意味較強,經(jīng)常以and yet形式出現(xiàn)。

while:?并列連詞時,while?conj.?然而?=??whereas???表示對比或用于引出相反的情況。只強調(diào)兩者之間的對比,并不強調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折。并列句、且兩個句子謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或結(jié)構(gòu)相同。

but?口語常用詞,語氣較強,泛指與前述情況相反,放句中。

however?表轉(zhuǎn)折關系,語氣稍弱于but,連接性也弱一些,因而常作插入語,放句中,常常在前面用逗號。

??  still?語氣強,多用于肯定句或疑問句。指盡管作出讓步,采取措施或表示反對,但情況仍然如故,無所改變。

? ??yet?常用于否定句,語氣比still稍強。指不管作出多大努力或讓步,仍達不到預期的結(jié)果。一般放在句末,前面一般不用加逗號。

?  ?nevertheless?指盡管作出完全讓步,也不會發(fā)生任何影響。

?  ?while?表對比,一般可與whereas換用,但程度弱一些。

?  ?whereas?表對比,一般可與while互換。

注4:only?用作表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞,只見于非正式文體。

?

You?may?go,?only?come?back?early.?(only?=but)?你可以走,但要早點回來。

He?wants?to?buy?the?watch,?only?he?can’t?afford?it.?他想買這塊表,但他買不起。

注5:however?釋義

?

adv.?無論如何;不管怎樣?However?hard?it?may?be,?do?your?best.

adv.?盡管如此;然而?Later,?however,?he?decided?to?go.

adv.?(表示驚奇)怎樣;怎么?However?did?you?find?it??你是怎樣找到它的?

conj.?不管怎樣;不管用什么方法?He?can?go?however?be?like.他想怎么去都行。?

?

whereas與while的區(qū)別

1.whereas = while

while前后句子之結(jié)構(gòu)要求并列相對,whereas 在結(jié)構(gòu)上則不一定不需要嚴格平行。(OG12-131)?

whereas/while這種連詞連接的比較成分不要求含義上絕對的平行??

2.whereas連接的平行比較只要求對比的核心邏輯上有對稱關系,不要求對稱位置必須是對稱名詞,下面句子中主從句的主語分別是energy和nuclear power并不是對稱名詞,但是對比的核心都是“核能發(fā)電占總產(chǎn)出能量的份額”,如OG12-131:

Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.?

*:

但是如果whereas后面接介詞短語,那么主句的開頭也必須需要是介詞短語(whereas后出現(xiàn)介詞短語或者狀語都會非常對稱)如OG-113:

?

Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.? 

如果whereas后接單純主謂賓(或主系表),主句也要盡量用單純的主謂賓(或主系表)來對應,如prep08 194:

?

Whereas the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used again.

3.while 引導的從句:?

1)意思是“當…時”,放句首或句中?

2)意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折對比contrast”時,多放在句中,也可以放在句首。while表示對比概念的時候,兩個事物要是同時發(fā)生(但是while本身并沒有at the same time的意思,所以while at the same time是可以prep 1-96)。?

3)意思是“雖然、盡管”(讓步)時,多放在句首。(=although)?

4)表示條件,意為"只要",其意思和用法相當于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。

*:While放在句中時要特別注意,像OG12-131的A選項,ETS說while 放在中間表示“同時發(fā)生”的意思大于對比的意思。

Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, while in Germany it is just over 33 percent.

2.1、更多例子:

從屬連詞whereas意為:“然而,但是,反之”(but,?in?constrast, on?the?contrary,?while)用于陳述相反的話,引出表示對比、對立或直接相反(Direct?Opposition)的狀語從句,是正式用法,語氣強并且書卷氣較重,通常多位于居中,也可置于句首;通常多用逗號隔開,也有語法學家和某些權威詞典主張不用逗號。如

(3)His?parents?were?rich,?whereas?mine?had?to?struggle.

(4)Many?small?birds?use?new?sites?for?each?nesting,?whereas?large?birds?often?reuse?the?same?nest.

(5)Whereas?it?is?day?with?us,?it?is?night?with?the?Americans.?(=It?is?day?with?us,?whereas?it?is?night?with?the?Americans.)

應該注意的是whereas引導的從句與主句在意義上不僅是對立和相反的,而且也是并列的(因此也有人認為whereas是并列連詞),兩者可以互換,無論主句在前,還是從句在前,其句意都不變。如

(6)Old?people?in?my?country?usually?live?with?their?children,?whereas?the?old?in?the?United?States?often?live?by?themselves. (=Whereas?old?people?in?my?country?usually?live?with?their?children,?the?ole?in?the?United?States.)?

即使主句和從句改變詞序,其實際意義也大體相同。如:

(7)They?want?a?house,?whereas?we?would?rather?live?in?a?flat. (=Whereas?we?want?a?flat,?they?would?rather?live?in?a?house.)

那么,whereas?與while可以換用嗎?兩者有何區(qū)別呢?

同樣,while也可意為:“(然)而,但是,反之”(but,?whereas),也可引出表示對比或相反情況的狀語從句,相當于whereas,兩者通??梢該Q用,但不如whereas正式,語氣也不如whereas強,是普通用語,更為多用。如:

(8)They?spend?all?their?money?on?their?house,?whereas(while)?are?prefer?to?spend?ours?on?traveling.

(9)While(Whereas)?some?newspapers?have?no?advertising?at?all?others?carry?many?advertisements.

與whereas一樣,主句和從句之間通常也用逗號隔開,但也可不用。如

(10)That?region?has?plenty?of?natural?resources?while?this?one?has?none.

同樣,也有人將while看作并列連詞。順便說一下,whilst?與while?同義,但比while正式,尤其多用在英國英語中,如:

(11)Raspberries?have?a?matt,?spongy?surface?whilst?blackberries?have?a?taut,?shiny?skin.?

最后,where作連詞用時,也可意為:“(然)而,反之”(but,?whereas),引出表示對比或與主句意思相反的狀語從句,相當于意思接近于whereas和while,但通常多用于口語,而whereas是正式用法,多用于書面語(但有時也可用于口語)。如句(7)中的whereas可換用where而意思不變。又如:

(12)Some?people?spend?their?spare?time?reading,?where?others?watch?television.

(13)She?is?very?diligent,?whereas(while, where)?he?is?very?lazy.

值得注意的是whereas和while也可引出讓步狀語從句(adverbial?clause?of?concession, 意為:“雖然,盡管”(although),多位于句首,比較文氣。如:

(14)Whereas?the?amendment?is?enthusiastically?supported?by?a?large?majority?in?the?Senate,?its?fate?is?doubtful?in?the?House.

(15)While?I?admit?that?there?are?problems,?I?don’t?agree?that?they?cannot?be?solved.你的問題或可得到解決。

?

一、fairly

?

fairly所表達的程度語氣是最輕的,雖然經(jīng)常與褒義詞連用,但是由于語氣比較弱,因此就算是恭維或者是贊賞都是不明顯的,程度比普通稍好,翻譯為‘還算’,‘相當’。比如說某一部剛上映的電影fairly good,評價就是勉強可以看,過得去,沒有給予否定。

?

例如:

?

At minimum, Library Schools do seem to be fairly good at doing this important task.

?

二、quite

?

quite在語氣上會稍稍加重,所表達的意思為‘頗’,‘相當’。就像我們剛剛打的比方,比如說某一部剛上映的電影quite good,那么就死說這一步電影相當不錯,雖然不是很好,但是也是值得看的。

?

例如:

?

The matter in your composition is quite good but the writing is not lucid enough.

?

三、rather/pretty

?

rather/pretty在語氣上又會在加重一點點,別看是兩個詞,但是它們在程度的表達上是一樣的,翻譯的意思為‘十分’,‘相當’,只是rather會比pretty顯得更為正式。比如說某一部剛上映的電影rather/pretty good,那么就是說這一部電影很不錯,在語氣上要重一點,表達出一種驚訝感,意只這個是要高出一般水平的,或是出乎你的意料之外的好。

?

例如:

?

I thought it was pretty good really, for a first attempt.

?

And besides, I felt rather good about myself.

?

這兩個詞都是可以與褒義詞或貶義詞進行連用的,與褒義詞連用,表示一種愉快的心情,而與貶義詞或中性詞連用的時候,表示的屙屎一種不滿意或不贊成的心情。

?

四、very

?

very這個詞不陌生吧,這個就是表程度里面語氣最強的,意為‘很’,‘非?!?。如果說某一部剛上映的電影very good,那就是說這部電影是真的很好,是精品之作。

?

例如:

?

You have to be a very good actor to play that part.

?

1.在這四個詞里面,能夠與比較級或too連用的只有rather,其他幾個是不能夠的。

?

2.而能夠用在冠詞前面的,或者是和動詞進行連用的,在這里就只有quite和rather,其他幾個則不能夠。

?

3.在名詞前面有形容詞的時候,fairly, quite, rather三者是可以放在a/an后面的。

?

4.沒有程度差別的詞只能夠與quite進行連用,是不能夠與其他幾個進行連用的,而沒有程度的詞比如:perfect,impossible,right,ready,unique等等。

?

5.rather可用在alike,like,similar,different等詞及比較級之前,這時它的含義是‘少許’,‘略微’。例如:Siamese cats are rather like dogs in some ways.

?

6.rather可以用在某些褒義的形容詞和副詞之前,如amusing,clever,good,pretty,well等,但其含義變了。這時它幾乎相當于very之意,沒有貶義,如She is rather clever(她很聰明)。這句含義相當于She is very clever。rather這樣用時顯然具有比fairly更深的褒義,如It is a fairly good play(這個戲還算可以)。這一說法會起到勸阻旁人去看戲的作用。但如果說It israther a good play(這個戲很好)則無疑是一種推薦。有時rather這樣用時含有“驚訝”之意

?

7.rather也可用在enjoy與like這兩個詞前,有時還可用在dis-like與object這一類動詞之前。例如:He rather enjoys queueing.

?

8.rather+like/enjoy主要用于表現(xiàn)一種‘喜愛’,而這種喜愛是出乎旁人或說話者本人意料之外的。但它也可以用來強調(diào)動詞,如I rather like Tom。這就要比I likeTom具有更強烈的感情色彩。


改錯

【1】固定搭配(箭頭右邊表示正確的搭配)

1. in return to → in return for 報答

2. substitute A with B → substitute A for B 用A代替B

3. account 20% → account for 20% 占據(jù)…比例

4. attitude on life → attitude towards/to life 對生活的態(tài)度

5. in a quick speed → at a quick speed 高速

6. with many respects → in many respects 在許多方面

7. considerations to… → considerations for… 考慮

8. become victims of … → become victims to … 成為犧牲品

9. the problems with the government → the problems for the government 政府的難題

10. resistance of → resistance to 抵抗

11. embark sth. → embark on sth. 著手做某事

12. at advance of sth. → in advance of sth. 提前,在…之前

13. interpret… to → interpret… as 把…解釋為…

14. take pride of → take pride in 引以為豪

15. leap out to… → leap out at… 撲過來

16. inject them lethal strains → inject them with lethal strains 注射

17. escape from him under questioning-escape him under questioningescape在作 “被某人情不自禁地說出來”講時,是及物動詞,而只在作 “逃跑”講時,才時不及物動詞.

18. imbalance of A and B → imbalance between A and B A與B間的不平衡

19. fortify sb. for sth. → fortify sb. against sth.with sth 加強…以抵御…

20. cast/ throw/ shed light to sth. → cast/throw/ shed light on sth. 給…提供線索

21. in proportion with → in proportion to 與…成比例

22. pay for it with dollars → pay for it in dollars 用美元支付

23. be in liberty to → be at liberty to 不受限制或支配

24. be contrasted to → be contrasted with 形成反差,對立

25. commit an offence to → commit an offence against 犯罪行為

26. ability of (doing) sth. → ability in (doing) sth. 做某事的能力

27. defend sth. against → defend sth. from 保護不受傷害

28. at the first place → in the first place 首先

29. take to do → take to doing 求助于,開始

30. yearn to → yearn for 渴望

31. at average → on average 平均

32. identify oneself to → identify oneself with 參加到…中

33. be successful on doing → be successful at/in doing 成功做某事

34. get one’s teeth on → get one’s teeth into 埋頭做,認真做

35. approach to do … → approach to doing … 做某事的方法

36. succeed doing sth. → succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事

37. demand of luxury goods → demand for luxury goods 對奢侈品的需求

38. differ A from B → distinguish A from B 把A和B區(qū)分開

【2】形近異義詞的區(qū)分

1. adapt v. 適合,改寫 – adopt v. 采納;收養(yǎng)

2. confirm v. 批準,確認 – conform v. 準守

3. former adj. 前者的 – formal adj. 正式的

4. diary n. 日記 – dairy n. 牛奶場

5. personal adj.私人的 – personnel n.人員

6. beside prep. 在…旁邊 – besides adv. 除了還有-except除外

7. principal adj. 主要的 – principle n. 原則

8. conscious n. 意識 – conscientious adj. 認真負責的,良心的

9. stationary adj.固定的,不動的 – stationery n. 文具,辦公用品

10. considerate adj. 體貼的 – considerable adj. 大量的

11. affect v. 影響 – effect n. 影響

12. contact v. 聯(lián)系 – contract v. 收縮

13. moral adj. 道德的 – morale n. 士氣

14. industrious adj. 勤奮的 – industrial adj. 工業(yè)的

15. desert n. 沙漠;v. 拋棄 – dessert n. 甜品

16. require v. 要求 – acquire v. 獲得,習得 – inquire v.咨詢

17. presence n. 出現(xiàn),出席 – presentation n. 展示

18. transformation n. 改變 – transmission n. 傳播

19. value n. 價值 – evaluate v. 評估,測評

20. tense n. 時態(tài);adj. 緊的 – tension n. 緊張

21. cooker n. 廚具 – cook n. 廚師

22. complexity n. 復雜性– complex n. 合成體

23. insurance n. 保險 – assurance n. 擔保

24. provide v. 提供 – provided/providing 如果

25. perceive v. 理解為,注意到 – conceive v. 構(gòu)想,設想

26. effective adj. 有效的 – affective adj. 受…影響的

27. latter adj. 后面的 – later adj. 后來

28. late adj. 遲的,已故的 – latest adj.最晚的,最新的

29. farther adj.距離更遠 – further adj.程度更進一步

30. healthy adj.健康的 – healthful adj.有益健康的

31. continual adj.連續(xù)的 – continuous adj.持續(xù)不斷的

32. respectable adj.可敬的; 體面的 – respectful adj.表示尊敬的

33. historic adj.有歷史意義的 – historical adj.有關歷史的

34. rise vi. 起立;升起;(聲音)提高 – raise vt. 舉起;種植;喚醒;提出;鼓起

35. producing v. 生產(chǎn) – productive adj. 產(chǎn)量高的

36. lonely adj.精神上寂寞 – alone adj.單獨,一個人

37. across prep. 從中間穿過(介詞) – cross v. 穿過(動詞)

38. permit n. 通行證 – permission n. 允許

39. memorizing v. 記住 – memorable adj. 值得紀念的

40. normal n.常態(tài),通常標準 – norm n. 規(guī)范,行為標準

41. acceptability n. 可接受性 – acceptance n. 接受

42. economical adj. 節(jié)儉的 – economic adj. 經(jīng)濟的

43. agent n. 代理人 – agency n. 代理機構(gòu)

44. reward n. 回饋 – award n. 獎賞

45. special adj. 特殊的 – specific adj. 特定的

【3】邏輯連詞:根據(jù)上下文邏輯關系,選擇正確的邏輯連詞

1. therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改為however)

2. and – but

3. but – because

4. moreover – however

5. after – before

6. since – although

7. that – if

8. from now on – from then on

9. all – none

10. if – unless除非除外

11. besides – except

12. therefore – because

13. so – because

14. that’s why +結(jié)果 – that’s because +原因

【4】冠詞:不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞

(1)冠詞多余

1. on the either side –> on either side

2. in the Europe –> in Europe

3. in the winter –> in winter (季節(jié)前不加冠詞)

4. take the issue –> take issue(對…持異議,不同意)

(2)冠詞缺漏

1. among most –> among the most

2. one of first –> one of the first

3. atmosphere –>the atmosphere(表示獨一無二的事物)

4. between us and rest –> between us and the rest

5. in minority –> in the minority

6. around floor –> around the floor

7. piano –>the piano (樂器前要有定冠詞)

8. English language –>the English language

9. at heart of –> at the heart of

10. in long run –> in the long run

【5】形容詞副詞混用:形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子

1. be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as

2. heavy industrialized –>heavily-industrialized

3. spread colossal –> spread colossally

4. similar strong –>similarly strong

5. feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted

6. comparative high proportion –>comparatively high proportion

7. in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years

8. culture embedded attitudes –>culturally embedded attitudes

9. increasing – increasingly

10. simple – simply

11. pure – purely

12. much – many

【6】成分殘缺、多余

1. a world which I could get… – a world in which I could get…

2. the idea shows – the idea that shows (先行詞在定語從句中作主語,關系代詞不可省略)

3. take for granted that – take it for granted that

4. one of the most glaring form – one of the most glaring forms

5. their jobs engage in their interest – their jobs engage their interest (engage單獨使用表示“占用(某人時間),吸引(某人注意力)”)

6. complain about sth. – complain sth.complain~ (to sb) (about/of sth)

7. work sth. – work out sth.

8. believe in – believe (believe單獨使用表示一般的“相信”,believe in表示“信任某人,信仰…”)

9. 20 percents – 20 percent

10. eyes contact – eye contact

11. seven – seventh

12. the process which it function – the process by which it function

13. communication service – communications service (通信服務、通訊服務)

14. average incomes – average income (income為不可數(shù)名詞)

15. the like of – the likes of (諸如此類的)像這樣的

16. be referred to XX – be referred to as XX

2023專八備考之改錯,一起努力吧的評論 (共 條)

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