Alcohol causes one in 20 deaths worldwide, says WHO

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，每20人中就有一人死于酒精

Report finds 13.5% of deaths among people in their 20s are linked to alcohol

報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，在20多歲人群中有13.5%的死亡與酒精有關(guān)

Alcohol is responsible for more than 5% of all deaths worldwide, or around 3 million a year, new figures have revealed.

最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示全世界超過5%的死亡由酒精造成，每年約有300萬人死于酒精。

The data, part of a report from the World Health Organization, shows that about 2.3 million of those deaths in 2016 were of men, and that almost 29% of all alcohol-caused deaths were down to injuries – including traffic accidents and suicide.

該數(shù)據(jù)是世界衛(wèi)生組織報(bào)告的一部分。該報(bào)告顯示2016年約有230萬人死亡，其中近29%死亡原因是交通事故和自殺。

The report, which comes out every four years, reveals the continued impact of alcohol on public health around the world, and highlights that the young bear the brunt: 13.5% of deaths among people in their 20s are linked to booze, with alcohol responsible for 7.2% of premature deaths overall.

這份報(bào)告每四年發(fā)布一次，揭示了酒精對世界各地公共衛(wèi)生的持續(xù)影響，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了年輕人首當(dāng)其沖：在20多歲的人群中，有13.5%的人死于酗酒，而酒精導(dǎo)致的過早死亡占7.2%。

It also stresses that harm from drinking is greater among poorer consumers than wealthier ones.

它還強(qiáng)調(diào)，在較貧窮的消費(fèi)者中飲酒造成的危害要大于富裕消費(fèi)者。

While the proportion of deaths worldwide that have been linked to alcohol has fallen to 5.3% since 2012, when the figure was at 5.9%, experts say the findings make for sobering reading.

盡管自2012年以來與酒精相關(guān)的死亡比例已降至5.3%，但專家表示這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓人聳然一驚。

A WHO alcohol-control expert, Dr Vladimir Poznyak, who was involved in the report, said the health burden of alcohol was “unacceptably large”.

世衛(wèi)組織酒精控制專家Vladimir Poznyak博士參與了該報(bào)告，他說，酒精對健康的負(fù)擔(dān)“大得令人無法接受”。

“Unfortunately, the implementation of the most effective policy options is lagging behind the magnitude of the problems,” he said, adding that projections suggested both worldwide alcohol consumption and the related harms were set to rise in the coming years.

他說：“不幸的是，積極有效控酒政策的實(shí)施遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)滯后于現(xiàn)實(shí)。”他還說，預(yù)測表明未來幾年，全球范圍內(nèi)的酒精消費(fèi)和相關(guān)的危害將會(huì)持續(xù)上升。

“Governments need to do more to meet the global targets and to reduce the burden of alcohol on societies; this is clear, and this action is either absent or not sufficient in most of the countries of the world,” said Poznyak.?

“各國政府需要采取更多措施來實(shí)現(xiàn)全球控酒目標(biāo)，并減輕社會(huì)層面酒精造成的負(fù)擔(dān);顯而易見的是在世界大多數(shù)國家，這種控酒政策要么不存在，要么力度不夠?！盤oznyak說。

Poznyak said the latest figures were likely to underestimate the true picture. “Alcohol use starts in many countries well before [age] 15, so that is why we can say that our estimates are quite conservative, because we don’t count at all the impact of alcohol consumption on kids below 15,” he said.

Poznyak表示最新數(shù)據(jù)很可能仍低估了真實(shí)情況。他說：“很多國家年輕人在15歲之前就開始飲用酒精，這就是為什么我們認(rèn)為我們的估計(jì)依舊相當(dāng)保守，因?yàn)槲覀儾涣私饩凭M(fèi)對15歲以下孩子的影響?！?br/>
But there is some cause for optimism. The report notes that the percentage of drinkers is falling in a number of regions, including Europe and the Americas. What’s more, while alcohol consumption per person (including non-drinkers) has remained steady overall, it has fallen from 10.9 litres of pure alcohol in 2012 to 9.6 litres in 2016 in Europe. The overall figure remains highest in Europe, although when only the drinking population is considered, the per person figure is higher in Africa and the eastern Mediterranean region.

但也有一些樂觀的結(jié)果。該報(bào)告指出在包括歐洲和美洲在內(nèi)的許多地區(qū)，飲酒者比例正在下降。更重要的是盡管人均酒精消費(fèi)量（包括非飲酒者）總體保持穩(wěn)定，但從2012年的10.9%降至2016年的9.6升。盡管只考慮飲酒人口，歐洲總體數(shù)字仍然最高，但在非洲和東地中海區(qū)域的人均飲酒數(shù)更高。

Perhaps surprisingly, worldwide almost 45% of recorded alcohol is consumed as spirits, with beer accounting for just over 34% and wine making up less than 12% of the total. That said, more than a quarter of all alcohol consumed falls outside the radar of official statistics.

也許令人驚訝的是，全世界有近45%的酒精飲料被制成烈酒，啤酒僅占34%，葡萄酒占總酒精的比例不到12%。也就是說，超過四分之一的酒精消費(fèi)都超出了官方統(tǒng)計(jì)范圍。

The report also takes stock of alcohol policies around the world, revealing patchy efforts to restrict advertising or make sure drinks carry health and safety warnings.

該報(bào)告還對全球范圍內(nèi)的酒精政策進(jìn)行了評估，發(fā)現(xiàn)了限制酒類廣告的努力仍不夠，或者說難以確保健康安全飲用酒類。

Dr James Nicholls, director of research and policy development at Alcohol Concern/Alcohol Research UK, said the figures confirm that alcohol consumption and harm is falling in Europe, showing that cultures and behaviour around alcohol can change.

英國酒精研究中心研究和政策發(fā)展主任詹姆斯尼科爾斯博士說，這些數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)了歐洲酒精消費(fèi)和危害正在下降，這表明酒精周邊文化可能也會(huì)隨之發(fā)生變化。

“Still, Europe remains the highest-consuming region globally, and we know that it is still a major cause of ill-health in the UK – especially in more deprived areas,” he said.

他說：“盡管如此，歐洲仍然是全球酒精消費(fèi)最高地區(qū)，我們明白它仍然是英國健康狀況不佳的主要原因，尤其在更貧困的地區(qū)?！?br/>
The report reveals that in the UK, the total alcohol consumed per person among drinkers aged 15 and over was 7.6 litres for women and 21.8 litres for men. What’s more, 13% of men and 4.7% of women in the UK were deemed to have alcohol-use disorders; the average for the European region was 8.8%.

該報(bào)告顯示，在英國15歲及以上的飲酒者中人均酒精消費(fèi)量為77.6升，男性為21.8升。更重要的是在英國，13%的男性和4.7%的女性被認(rèn)為有酗酒現(xiàn)象;歐洲地區(qū)酗酒平均概率才8.8%

Nicholls said the report flags that, overall, there is a growth in alcohol consumption in developed countries that reflects concerted efforts by alcohol producers to export a “European” drinking culture across the world.
Nicholls說，報(bào)告指出總的來說發(fā)達(dá)國家的酒精消費(fèi)增長反映了酒類生產(chǎn)商在全球范圍內(nèi)出口“歐洲”飲酒文化的共同努力。

Rajiv Jalan, professor of hepatology at University College London, said that among the key issues was the age of consumption, with almost 44% of 15-19 year olds in European region being active drinkers. “We allow our kids to drink from the age of 16, underage drinking, and I think that is a serious issue that we need to hit on the head,” he said. “Kids are going to casualty drunk from school parties.”

倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院肝臟病學(xué)教授拉吉夫賈蘭說，關(guān)鍵問題之一是在消費(fèi)時(shí)代歐洲地區(qū)15-19歲年輕人中有44%是日常有飲酒習(xí)慣的人。他說：“我們允
許我們的孩子從16歲開始喝酒，未成年人甚至也開始喝酒。我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)我們需要打擊的嚴(yán)重問題。”“孩子們會(huì)在學(xué)校聚會(huì)上喝得爛醉。”

Jalan called the report a wake-up call, saying it is “seriously worrying” that in Europe alcohol is responsible for more than 10% of all deaths.
He said: “The biggest problem that we have is that, certainly in Europe and if you focus more on the UK, there isn’t really a strategy which is all-encompassing in order to address this death rate. All the different elements that are known to work have not yet been implemented.”

吉夫賈蘭稱該報(bào)告是一記警鐘，稱其“嚴(yán)重?fù)?dān)憂”。在歐洲酒精造成的死亡占所有死亡的10%以上。他說：“我們面臨的最大問題是在歐洲，如果你關(guān)注英國就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有真正的戰(zhàn)略來解決這個(gè)死亡率問題。”所有已知的不同措施都沒有被實(shí)施過?！?br/>
Noting that while Scotland had recently introduced minimum alcohol pricing, England had not followed suit, Jalan said all eyes were now on Scotland to see if lessons could be learned for other countries from the policy.

他指出，盡管蘇格蘭最近引入了酒精最低定價(jià)制度，但英格蘭并沒有效仿。Jalan表示現(xiàn)在所有的目光都集中在蘇格蘭身上，看看是否能從這項(xiàng)政策中吸取其他國家的教訓(xùn)。

“Hopefully that will show a difference, but by that time many, many other people will be dead,” he said.

“希望這么做會(huì)有成效，但那時(shí)候很多人已經(jīng)死了?！?/p>