?·單詞

monastery n.????寺院，修道院?

????·temple?n.????廟宇，寺院?

????·mosque?n.????清真寺

????·monk?n.????僧侶，修道士

????·nun?n.????修女，尼姑

????·nunnery/convent?n.????尼姑庵；女修道院

????·church?n.????教堂

????·cathedral?n.????大教堂，（主教控制的）教區(qū)總教堂

St. Bernard????圣伯納德

????·St. -> saint n.????圣者，圣徒

????·St.?Andrew's Road????圣安德魯路

????·St.?Paul's Cathedral????圣保羅大教堂

????·St. Valentine's Day????情人節(jié)

pass n.????關(guān)隘

watchdog n.????看門狗

rashly?adv.????莽撞地,冒失地

????·rash?adj.????輕率的，魯莽的

????????·a rash decision????輕率的決定

????????·Don't make rash promises.????別輕易承諾

????·reckless?adj.????魯莽的，不計后果的；粗心大意的

????????·He was fined $100 for reckless driving.????他因魯莽駕駛被罰款100美元

????·impulse n.????沖動；脈沖；推動力

????????·The door was open and?on (an) impulse?she went inside.????門開著，她一時心血來潮就走了進(jìn)去

????·impulsive?adj.????沖動的；脈沖的

????????·She's so impulsive — she saw the house for the first time and said she'd buy it straight away.????她太沖動了——她第一次看到這房子就說她馬上就買下來

????????????·straight?away????馬上；即刻

enclosure n.????圍場,圈地

????·enclosure movement????圈地運動：指英國從18世紀(jì)中葉到19世紀(jì)初期，貴族和地主將公共耕地和草地圈起來，使農(nóng)民失去了原有的土地使用權(quán)，導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)民的破產(chǎn)和無家可歸

????·be enclosed by ...????被 ... 環(huán)繞

????????·The garden was completely enclosed by a high wall.????花園被一堵高墻完全圍住了

????????·be surrounded by ...? ? 被 ... 包圍

????????????·She said that she wanted to die surrounded by the people she loves.????她說她想死在她愛的人身邊

????????·be besieged by ...????被 ...?包圍 (部隊，軍隊)

????????????·Troy was besieged by Greeks.????特洛伊被希臘人圍困

monk n.????和尚，僧侶

privacy n.????清靜,隱居,個人自由

? ? ·protect/respect/invade sb.'s privacy????保護(hù)/尊重/侵犯 某人的隱私

????·private?adj.????私有的，自用的

????????·a private conversation/collector????私人 談話/收藏家

skier n.????滑雪者

Easter n.????復(fù)活節(jié)

·課文講解

????The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

????During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.

????·connect A with/to B????連接 a 和 b

????????·The Channel Tunnel has connected Britain with mainland Europe for the first time.????英吉利海峽隧道首次將英國與歐洲大陸連接起來

????????·link A with/to B????連接 a 和 b

????????????·There is no evidence to link/connect him with the murder.????沒有證據(jù)將他與謀殺案聯(lián)系起來

????????·join A to B? ? 連接 a 和 b

????????????·The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island.????由Othmar Ammann設(shè)計的Verrazano大橋連接了布魯克林和Staten島

????????·associate A with B????連接 a 和 b (多表示頭腦中的聯(lián)系)

????????·relate A to B? ? 連接 a 和 b (多表示頭腦中的聯(lián)系)

????????????·There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate/relate snails with/to food.????從很小的時候起，無數(shù)的人就學(xué)會了把蝸牛和食物聯(lián)系在一起

At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.

????·at an altitude of ...????在 … 海拔上

????·(Being) at 2,473 meters, ...

????·模仿造句：4807米的勃朗峰(Mont Blanc)是阿爾卑斯山脈(the Alps) 的最高峰。

????????·At 4,807 metres, Mont Blanc is the highest peak of the Alps.

? ? ·模仿造句：因為只有35歲，他是這所大學(xué)里最年輕的教授

????????·At the age of 35, he is the youngest professor at the university.

The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies?about a mile away.

????·of 引出地點名稱

????????·the Aegean island of Kea????愛琴海的基亞島

????????·the promontory of Ayia lrini????阿伊亞里尼海角

????????·the tiny village of Perachora????波拉·考拉的小村莊

????????·entitled 引出報紙，小說，雜志的名字

????????????·the novel entitled Three Kingdoms????小說《三國》

????????????·the movie entitled Da Vinci Code????電影《達(dá)芬奇密碼》

????????·named/called 引出人名

????????????·the man named/called Vincent

????·be founded in????始建于

????????·可替換為下列

????????????·..., which dates from the 11th century, …????可以追溯到11世紀(jì)

????????????·..., which dates back to the 11th century,?…????可以追溯到11世紀(jì)

????????????·..., which can be traced back to the 11th century,?…????可以追溯到11世紀(jì)

????·lies?v.????躺臥 (位于)

For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.

????·cross + 賓語 + 方式狀語

????????·cross the pass on foot????徒步穿越山口

????????·cross the pass in cars????駕車穿過山口

????????·另一種表達(dá)：across?prep.????橫過，穿過

????????????·動詞 + across + 賓語

????????????·They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.????他們迅速把食物、火柴和啤酒罐頭裝進(jìn)一只小橡皮艇，在加勒比海劃了幾英里，直到到達(dá)一個小小的珊瑚島

????????????·In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.????1908年，諾斯克利夫勛爵懸賞1000英鎊，獎勵第一個飛越英吉利海峽的人?

????????????·cross the pass on foot = walk across the pass

????????????·cross the pass in cars = drive across the pass

????????????·row across the Caribbean = cross the Caribbean by boat

These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.

????·friendly?adj.????親切的，友善的

????????·environment-friendly?adj.????有利環(huán)境的

????????·ozone-friendly?adj.????不破壞臭氧層的

????·bring ... from ...? ? 從 ... 帶來 ...

????????·introduce ... from ...????從 … 引進(jìn) …

????????????·The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain from North America.????灰松鼠是從北美引入英國的

????????????·In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.????在澳大利亞定居的早期，有進(jìn)取心的定居者不明智地引進(jìn)了歐洲兔子

????·be used as ...????被用作

????????·可替換為：act/serve/function as ...

????????????·act/serve/function as?watchdogs even in Roman times.

Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.

? ? ·Now that conj.????既然，由于，同時表示時間和原因。引出原因狀語從句，后面跟現(xiàn)在時

????????·Now (that) you are a big boy you must behave better.? ? 現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)是一個大男孩，你必須表現(xiàn)得更好

????·tunnel n.????隧道，地道

????????·canal n.????運河

????????????·the Panama Canal????巴拿馬運河

????·whenever????無論何時，無論什么情況；每當(dāng)。引出讓步狀語從句

????????·溫故：疑問詞 + ever 的含義

????????????·1.表示“到底……”引導(dǎo)疑問句。

????????????????·'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.????“比爾，你在上面干什么?”牧師吃驚地問。

????????????·2.表示“無論……”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 = no matter+ 疑問詞

????????????????·Wherever/No matter where it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.????無論它走到哪里，都會留下一串死鹿和死兔子之類的小動物

????????·知新：“疑問詞 + ever” 表示 “無論” 時，可以用于名詞性從句，此時 ≠ “no matter + 疑問詞”，因為后者只能用于讓步狀語從句。

????????????·Whoever wants to sign up for the course is welcome.????√。歡迎任何想報名參加這門課程的人。????Whoerer 引導(dǎo)主語從句

????????????·No matter who wants to sign up for the course is welcome.????x。無論誰想報名參加這門課程都是歡迎的。????No mattr + 疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，所以本句話里沒有主語。

????????????????·No matter?who?wants to sign up for the course, he is welcome.????√。無論誰想報名參加這門課程，他都?xì)g迎

????????????·Whatever project he works on is always successful.????他做的任何項目都是成功的

????????????????·No matter what project he works on, it is always successful.????不管他做什么項目，總是成功的

Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

????·attempt to do sth.????試圖做某事

????????·try to do sth.????嘗試做某事

????????·make an attempt to do sth.????試圖做某事

????????·make an effort to do sth.????努力做某事

????????·seek to do sth. (fml.)????試圖做某事

????????????·But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.????但是，試圖重建遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的歷史學(xué)家總是面臨著一項艱巨的任務(wù)

????????????·I made an attempt to apologize, but Brian wouldn't even talk to me.????我試著向他道歉，但布萊恩根本不跟我說話

????????????·Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.????一年多以后才進(jìn)行了第一次嘗試

????????????·It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.????看來，人類在了解季節(jié)方面所做的真正努力比人們認(rèn)為的要早2萬年

????????????·... if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.????總而言之，如果美有某種意義，我們就不應(yīng)該試圖去解釋它的意義

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.

????·in cars = by car

????????·表示“使用某種交通工具”的介詞短語，“by”后要直接加單數(shù)名詞;“in”后的名詞要有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

????????·You can go to the airport in my car.????你可以坐我的車去機(jī)場

????????·We crossed the river in a boat.????我們坐船過河

As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.

????·about (英) = around (美) adv.????周圍

????·As there are?so many people?about, the dogs have to be ...?可改為獨立主格：(With) so many people (being) about, the dogs have to be ...

????·keep：?confine 把……關(guān)起來

????????·He was kept/confined in prison.????他被關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里

????????·You shouldn't keep/confine the bird in a cage.????你不應(yīng)該把鳥關(guān)在籠子里

In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.

????·at 的，在修道院的生活，不能用 of，因為 life 不是 monastery 的東西

????????·life on a desert island????荒島上的生活

????????·life in the army????軍隊生活

????????·life on campus????校園生活

????·quite?adv.?completely 完全，截然

????????·The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.????而另一方面則截然相反

????????·He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.????他白天睡覺，晚上工作，完全沒有意識到他已經(jīng)成了恩得利的幽靈

????????·Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.????長途汽車旅行就更不愉快了，因為甚至連閱讀都是完全不可能的

????????·We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.????我們生活在恐懼之中，不僅害怕像蜘蛛或黃蜂這樣令人討厭的昆蟲，而且害怕像飛蛾這樣完全無害的昆蟲

????????·No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; ...????沒有兩種鳥的飛行方式是完全相同的

The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.

????·drop v.????變?nèi)酰粶p少

????????·fall v.????減少

????????????·The temperature falls?to -30°????氣溫降至零下30度

????????????·Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero.????慢慢地，十一分鐘減到了零

????????·plunge v.????暴跌；驟降；突降

????????????·The order to abandon ship was given?and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.

????????????·The temperature plunges to -30°????氣溫驟降至零下30度

????????·dive to ...? ? 跳入水中，潛至

????????·increase to ...????上升

????????·rise to ...? ? 上升

????????·rocket to ...????暴漲

????????·soar to ...? ? 暴漲

????????·to 與 by 的區(qū)別

????????????·to 表示下降到了一個數(shù)值，by 表示下降了多少，還剩多少不知道

????????????·The temperature drops by 10°????氣溫下降了10度

????·?-30°

????????·minus 30 degrees????負(fù)/零下?30度

????????·30 degrees below zero????零下30度

????????·?-30°?C

????????????·minus 30 degrees Centigrade/Celsius????攝氏零下30度

? ? ????·?-30°?F

????????????·minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit????零下30華氏度

?The monks?prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.

????·prefer A to B????寧愿選 A 而不選 B?

????????·I prefer mutton to beef.????比起牛肉我更喜歡羊肉

????????·prefer doing to doing? ? 比起B(yǎng)更喜歡做A

????????????·I prefer standing to sitting down.????我喜歡站著不喜歡坐著

????????????·W: Didn't Marian go shopping with you yesterday?????瑪麗安昨天不是和你一起去購物了嗎

????????????·M: Even if she hadn't had a lot of studying, she would have preferred staying home to going shopping.????即使她沒有很多功課，她也寧愿呆在家里而不愿去購物

????????·prefer A rather than B????我喜歡A而不喜歡B

????????????·I prefer mutton rather than beef.

????????·prefer to do rather than do????我喜歡做A而不喜歡做B

????????????·I prefer to stand rather than sit down.????我寧愿站著也不愿坐著

????????·would rather do than do????兩個事我都不喜歡，比起B(yǎng)我更愿意去做A

????????????·I'd rather stand than sit down.????我寧愿站著也不愿坐著

????????????·... people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.????人們寧愿付大筆的錢也不愿畢生的心血被歹徒毀掉

????????????·M: It says here the next train is due in at 6:30.????這上面說下一班火車將在六點半到達(dá)

????????????·W: I know, but I don’t know whether l can make that one. I’d rather call you from the station than have you waiting around for an hour.????我知道，但我不知道我能不能做到。我寧愿在車站給你打電話，也不愿讓你在這兒等一個小時

The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

????·allow sb. to do????允許某人做某事

????????·permit sb. to do????允許某人做某事

? ? ????·give sb. permission to do????允許某人做某事

????·wander：to walk aimlessly = roam????漫無目的地閑逛

The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.

????·regular?visitors????常客 (書面語)

????????·regular?n.?????？?(口語)

????????????·He is one of our restaurant's regulars.????他是我們餐館的?？椭?/p>

????????????????·What'll it be?????點什么？(菜，飯)

????????????????·The usual, please.????老樣子

????·party?n.????同行者 (共同目的的一群人)

????????·a party of tourists????一群游客

????????·a search party????搜索隊

????????·a rescue party????救援隊

????????·After being absent from The Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.????姑媽離開“山墻莊園”已有一個星期了。一天下午，她突然帶著一群客人回來了，吩咐貝茜準(zhǔn)備晚飯。

????????·表示一群：group/bunch/crowd/band

????????????·Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in ltaly with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.????600年前，約翰·霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊士兵來到意大利，在佛羅倫薩附近定居下來

????????·team?n.????隊，小組

? ? ? ? ·gang?n.????幫派，團(tuán)伙

????????·delegation?n.????代表團(tuán)

????????·galaxy?n.????群英，人才薈萃

????????????·a galaxy of artists/scientists????一群 藝術(shù)家/科學(xué)家

????·at 在節(jié)日期間，on 在節(jié)日當(dāng)天

????????·on Christmas Day????圣誕節(jié)當(dāng)天

????????·on Easter Day????復(fù)活節(jié)

????????·on weekends????在周末 (美)

????????·at weekends? ? 在周末?(英)

These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

????·receive a warm welcome????地道英語表達(dá)

????????·..., are always warmly welcomed ...????中文表達(dá)

????????·Let's all extend a warm welcome to our visitors.????讓我們?nèi)w向來賓表示熱烈的歡迎

????·receive + n.????受到 ...; 得到 ...；遭到 ...

????????·No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.????沒有一種生物像普通的蝸牛一樣受到如此多的贊美和辱罵

????????·receive insults????受到侮辱

????????·receive support????得到支持

????????·receive adequate treatment????受到充分的治療

? ? ? ? ·receive good education????受到良好的教育

????????·This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, ...????這次展覽受到新聞界的極大關(guān)注