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Victoria 3 - Dev Diary #25 - The Cost of War (Part-1)

lachek Victoria 3 Lead Designer

Today marks the final entry in our 4-part overview of the warfare mechanics of Victoria 3. If you're just tuning in now, we have previously covered The Concept of War, Fronts and Generals, and Navies and Admirals which introduces many of the core concepts fleshed out in this diary.

今天是我們對維多利亞3戰(zhàn)爭機制四篇概述中的最后一篇。如果你現(xiàn)在才開始關(guān)注咱們，你可以回顧我們之前的戰(zhàn)爭的概念、前線與將軍以及海軍和海軍上將。這些日志中介紹了很多在此篇日志中的核心概念。

That war costs substantial money and resources is hardly a novel concept. Most strategy games impose a cost for creating military units, some have upkeep costs, and even in Pop-less Paradox GSGs a metric such as a Manpower pool often has to be regenerated in order to replenish damaged units. A few games even encourage you to peace-out of wars that are so costly your treasury can't bear the expense for as long as it takes to win, even if you still have armies left standing.

眾所周知，戰(zhàn)爭需要花費大量的金錢和資源。大多數(shù)戰(zhàn)略游戲建造軍事單位需要成本，有一些游戲有維護費用，甚至在沒有POP系統(tǒng)的P社大戰(zhàn)略游戲中還會設(shè)置例如人力池這樣的數(shù)值，通過可恢復(fù)的人力來補充受損的單位。一些游戲甚至鼓勵你在戰(zhàn)爭中求和，因為戰(zhàn)爭的成本太過高昂，以至于即使你有軍隊仍在前線支撐，但你的國庫不能支撐著你曠日持久的戰(zhàn)爭以達到最終的勝利。

In Victoria 3 we aim to take this to the next level by modelling the truly astronomical, often lasting expenses of war in the economic system. This includes letting players and Pops profit off of wars; employ economic tools such as trade disruptions to gain military leverage; encourage upgrading not only your military but also industrial output to match; reform your Laws to fit your military to your economy; ensure your Infrastructure is sufficient to maintain your country while at war; and invest in medical corps and medicine to treat your population traumatized by the frontlines.

在維多利亞3中，我們將在經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)中模擬真正天文數(shù)字且通常是持久的戰(zhàn)爭花費，把對戰(zhàn)爭代價的模擬提升到新的層面。這包括：讓玩家和Pops在戰(zhàn)爭中受益；使用經(jīng)濟工具例如阻斷貿(mào)易來獲得軍事層面上的力量；鼓勵你不僅升級軍事單位而且要升級工業(yè)產(chǎn)出來配合戰(zhàn)爭；改革你的法律從而讓你的軍事更加配合經(jīng)濟；保證你的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施足夠在戰(zhàn)爭中支撐你的國家；投資醫(yī)療隊和藥物來治療在前線受到傷害的人口。

The intention here is not only to give the player a lot of economic levers to pull to prepare their country for war, although that is certainly part of it. A big reason for making wars approach the real-life cost is to encourage the player to think hard about the opportunity cost of war - that is, what you're missing out on by spending your resources on war instead of something else - and incentivize solving your diplomatic conflicts before war breaks out. If war was a cost-effective way both of increasing your power and decreasing your enemy's power, diplomacy would be relegated to nothing but faux formalities before fighting begins. But if neither party truly desires a war, no matter the power discrepancy between them, that's when the Diplomatic Play intimidation game to see who blinks first can become real and tense.

這樣做的意圖，并不僅僅是給予玩家大量經(jīng)濟手段讓他們讓他們的國家去準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)爭，盡管這當(dāng)然是其中的一部分原因。另一個很大的原因是，讓戰(zhàn)爭花費更接近真實戰(zhàn)爭的花費，從而鼓勵玩家更多地思考戰(zhàn)爭的機會成本——也就是說，如果你花費資源在戰(zhàn)爭上而不是其他地方，會讓你錯過什么——并鼓勵你在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前解決你的外交爭端。如果戰(zhàn)爭是一個既能增加你的國力、又能降低敵人國力的高性價比途徑，那么外交就會淪為戰(zhàn)爭開始前的虛偽形式而已。但是如果雙方都不希望發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭（無論他們之間的實力差距有多大），外交博弈中看誰先眨眼的恐嚇游戲就會變得真實且緊張了。

It also means that it's a skill to know when to stop. If war was an all-or-nothing affair this would not be an issue, but in Victoria 3 wars rarely result in one side getting everything they asked for (as we will learn more about next week, when we cover the Peace Deals system). Once you have hurt your enemy enough you might accept a consolation prize and sign a truce, knowing you will recover better over the next five years than they will.

這也意味著，知道何時停下來是一個技巧。如果戰(zhàn)爭是一個全贏或全輸?shù)氖虑?，那么這不是一個問題，但是在維多利亞3中，戰(zhàn)爭很少會導(dǎo)致一方得到他們所要求的一切（我們在下周和平協(xié)議Peace Deals系統(tǒng)中會討論更多）。一旦你對你的敵人造成了足夠多的打擊，你可能會接受一個安慰性的條件然后簽下和平條約，因為你知道在接下來的五年你會恢復(fù)得比他們更快。

With that said, let's dig into the details.

咱們先說這么多，我們現(xiàn)在挖點細節(jié)。

Your ability to sustain your war machine is of crucial importance in peace as well as war. At the start of the game many countries can get away with maintaining an army of self-supporting Irregular Infantry to keep the costs of arms down, but this won’t be possible for long. And while wages might be affordable when your country is underdeveloped, increased productivity and labor competition will eventually raise expectations.

你維持戰(zhàn)爭機器的能力在和平和戰(zhàn)爭時期都至關(guān)重要。在游戲開始時，許多國家都可以通過維持一支自給自足的非常備步兵組成的軍隊來降低軍事開支，但這不可能持續(xù)太久。同時，雖然當(dāng)你的國家在不發(fā)達的時候支出工資還是可能可以承受的，但是生產(chǎn)率的提高和勞動力的競爭最終會提高人們對工資的期望。

Your country's Army Model is a type of Law that governs who makes up your military and how they are organized. We currently have four Army Models planned:

你國家的軍隊模式Army Model是一種法律，用來管理誰參加軍隊以及如何組織他們。我們目前計劃了四種軍隊模式：

Under a Peasant Levy model, a permanent military force supported by Barracks is non-existent or minimal in size. Instead the country may raise large numbers of conscripted levies of irregulars during wartime, led by Officers originating from the aristocracy. This model is cheap to maintain during peacetime but can get very expensive (particularly in lives) during war. Conscripted Battalions can also take a long time to organize, and provide no Power Projection that affects the country's Prestige.

在征召民夫Peasant Levy模式下，不存在或很少有由兵營支持的常備軍事力量。相反，國家可以在戰(zhàn)時召集大量的非正規(guī)征召兵，由來自貴族階層的軍官領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。這種模式在和平時期維持起來會很便宜，但是在戰(zhàn)爭期間代價會非常昂貴（特別是在生命損失方面）。征召兵的營也會花費很長時間才能組織起來，并且不會提供影響國家威望的力量投射。

The National Militia model limits your standing army and Power Projection in much the same way as Peasant Levies, but permits you to conscript a large part of your population into a well-rounded national defense force if needed. These conscripted troops cannot be mobilized and are therefore automatically assigned to their local garrisons, unavailable to Generals to use to advance Fronts. It's the model of choice for countries who want to focus on homeland defense, or countries desiring to democratize the military and limit the power of the Armed Forces.

和征召民夫模式非常類似，國家民兵National Militia模式限制了你的常備軍和力量投射，但是允許你在需要時征募很大一部分人口，組成一支全面的國防力量。這些征募兵不能被調(diào)動，而且會自動被劃分到當(dāng)?shù)氐鸟v軍中。將軍們不能用它們來推進前線。這種模式是那些希望專注于國土防御，或者希望實現(xiàn)軍隊民主化和限制武裝部隊權(quán)力的國家的首選。

Mass Conscription becomes available once you have unlocked the Society "tech" Nationalism. It lets you enlist the same large number of conscripts as National Militia but does not limit the size of your standing army, and all these conscripts are assigned under Generals as needed. In addition, conscripts are trained faster but are limited to infantry troops only. This is the correct choice for countries fighting no-holds-barred existential conflicts where sending regular waves of fresh meat to the frontlines is imperative.

一旦你解鎖了民族主義的社會“科技”，你就可以解鎖大規(guī)模征兵Mass Conscription模式。它可以讓你征募到和國家民兵模式一樣多的征召兵，但是不限制你的常備軍數(shù)量，而且所有這些募兵都可以按照需要分配到將軍手下。此外，這些募兵訓(xùn)練得會更快，但是只限于步兵部隊。這對于正在進行無限制生存沖突的國家來說是正確的選擇——定期向前線輸送一波又一波的新鮮血液是非常必要的。

A Regular Army model lets a country maintain an army of any size even in peacetime. While it also permits for conscription of a smaller number of civilians as needed, its standing army is the pride of the nation and confers considerable Prestige onto it. This model has the greatest flexibility in terms of military Production Methods, letting countries configure their armies without restrictions. Technologically advanced countries relying on more expensive crack troops rather than sheer numbers favor this Law.

常備軍Regular Army模式能讓一個國家即使在和平時期也能保持任意規(guī)模的軍隊。雖然它也可以根據(jù)需要征募少量的平民，但常備軍是國家的驕傲而且可以提供相當(dāng)可觀的威望。這種模式在軍事生產(chǎn)方式方面有著最大的靈活度，允許各國不受限制地配置他們的軍隊。技術(shù)先進的國家依靠更昂貴的精銳部隊而不是純粹的數(shù)量，可能更傾向于此種法律。

Like all Laws, changing your Army Model will be popular with some Interest Groups and not with others, and in most cases you need to have at least a semi-legitimate government that favors the Law in order to have a chance to pass it without major complications. The icons you see for these Laws are not yet finalized.

就像所有法律一樣，改變你的軍隊模式在某些利益集團中會很受歡迎，在其他利益集團中就未必了，而且大部分時候你至少得有一個傾向于這項法律的半合法政府，才有機會在不把事情搞得很復(fù)雜的情況下通過該法律。你看到的這些法律的圖標(biāo)還不是最終成品。

Conscripting the civilian population into military service is an option available to all countries, but only during wartime or when the country is at threat of war (i.e. when it is actively participating in a Diplomatic Play). Conscripted Battalions do not Project Power and therefore do not impart Prestige, and under some Army Models they do not have access to certain advanced Production Methods that require specialized training.

征募Conscription是讓平民人口進入軍隊服役的選項，對于所有國家均可用，但是僅限于戰(zhàn)爭時期或國家受到戰(zhàn)爭威脅時（也就是正在參與外交博弈Diplomatic Play時）。征募出來的營無法投射力量，因而不會產(chǎn)生威望，并且使用某些軍隊模式時無法采用一些需要專業(yè)化訓(xùn)練的先進生產(chǎn)方式。

Conscripts can be activated state by state or all across your country at once. Activating conscripts creates a Conscription Center in the state where civilians are recruited into temporary military service, and the cost of these conscripts are only incurred as they become active. This means relying on conscripting civilians as needed can be a compelling strategy to keep the military budget down, but it does not come without its own costs.

征募可以在每個地區(qū)內(nèi)單獨進行，也可以一次性在全國范圍內(nèi)啟動。啟動征募之后，會在地區(qū)內(nèi)創(chuàng)建一個征募中心Conscription Center，平民們就在此被招募去服臨時兵役，并且這些征募兵只在啟用他們時才需要費用。這意味著依靠按需征募平民在降低軍事開支上是個不錯的戰(zhàn)略，但這也是要付出代價的。

First and foremost, when the Conscription Center appears, recruited Pops will leave their regular places of work en masse which could cause major temporary disruptions to your nation's economy. If the conscripts in a certain state happen to primarily originate from the lower strata of its underpaying Lead Mines, this will reduce output and thereby affect the Glasswork and Munitions Plants that consume the lead produced in your market, which in turn will impact all its Urban Centers as well as your very military machinery. If you have enough Pops in search of labor this situation will correct itself over time as the Lead Mines rehire their lost workers, but in the long run this simple action of initiating conscription in a single state will still mean a shift in Wealth distribution, political allegiances, population distribution, industrial profitability, and so on. Even after a successfully prosecuted war those men returning home alive may need to look for new opportunities to regain their old Standard of Living. Everything has consequences.

首先，當(dāng)征募中心出現(xiàn)的時候，被征募的Pop會全體離開他們平時的工作崗位，這會對你的國家經(jīng)濟造成巨大的短期影響。如果某個地區(qū)的征募兵碰巧主要來自較低的階層，比如工資很低的鉛礦工人，這就會減少產(chǎn)出，從而影響到在你的市場上消耗鉛的玻璃廠和彈藥廠，然后又會影響到所有的城市中心以及你自己的軍工系統(tǒng)本身。如果你有足夠的Pop在到處找工作，那么情況就會逐步自行改善，鉛礦會重新招募一批工人來填補空缺，但從長期來看，僅僅是在某個地區(qū)內(nèi)開展征募就意味著財富分配、政治傾向、人口分布、工業(yè)利潤以及一系列其他方面的改變。即便是在成功進行了一場戰(zhàn)爭之后，這些活著回到家鄉(xiāng)的人或許也會需要尋找新的工作機會來重新獲得之前的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。每一件事都有代價。

Second, conscripted Battalions are always created from scratch which can take a lot of time. This means they lose any experience gained in the last armed conflict as they stand down, while your standing army units will get more and more impressive over time. Soldier for soldier, conscripts give you less bang for your buck.

其次，被征募的營總是從零開始創(chuàng)建的，這會需要很多時間。這也意味著他們卸甲歸田之后，會失去任何上次武裝沖突中積累的任何經(jīng)驗，而你的常備軍能夠隨時間推移變得越來越強。雖說都是當(dāng)兵的，但花在征募兵上的錢就不那么值當(dāng)。

Third, conscripted Battalions are distributed among your Generals by their normal Rank-based proportions and aren't automatically mobilized as soon as they emerge. So first the conscript Battalions need to be recruited and created from scratch, and then any conscript Battalions assigned to mobilized Generals must also mobilize in order to be able to leave for the front. As we explored in the Front and Generals diary, when such a large number of Battalions are raised all at once it is Infrastructure that governs how quickly they will be able to get ready, so this needs to be taken into account when choosing where to recruit your conscripts.

再次，被征募的營會根據(jù)你的將軍們的級別，分配到每個將軍麾下，而不是他們一出現(xiàn)就自動動員。所以一開始征募的營需要從零開始招募和創(chuàng)建，然后分配給已經(jīng)動員的將軍的征募營需要再經(jīng)過動員才能開往前線。正如我們在前線和將軍那篇日志里說的一樣，一下子組織起如此之多的營的時候，是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施決定了他們能夠多快準(zhǔn)備好，當(dāng)你選擇在哪里征募兵員的時候，也需要考慮到這一點。

While all of the above happens automatically with the press of a button, the impact can be complex and will be experienced over time. Choosing to activate conscripts in the populous but rural vineyard valleys of Rhone will have a very different effect on France than activating conscripts in industrialized, well-connected Paris.

雖然以上這些只要你按一下按鈕就都能自動完成，影響卻非常復(fù)雜，也會隨著時間推移逐步體現(xiàn)出來。選擇在人口眾多卻以生產(chǎn)葡萄酒的鄉(xiāng)村為主的羅納河谷地區(qū)啟動征募，和在工業(yè)化程度較高、交通便利的巴黎啟動征募會帶來非常不同的影響。

Mass Mobilization may provide access to vast numbers of fighting men, but redirecting up to 25 percent of your capable workforce to the war effort (in this case 60 Battalions, or the equivalent workforce required to staff about 12 levels of farms, mines, or manufacturing industries) could play a real number on your economy. These visuals are a work in progress, but demonstrates how the player functionally interacts with the map through the "lens" system either through clicking directly on regions of the map or by selecting options from a list.

大規(guī)模動員或許能提供許多能作戰(zhàn)的人，但是把你可用勞動力的最多25%弄去打仗（本例中是60個營，或者大概一共12級的農(nóng)場、礦山或制造業(yè)所需要的勞動力）會對你的經(jīng)濟帶來重大影響。圖像都還不是最終版，不過也能展現(xiàn)一下玩家如何通過“濾鏡”來和地圖進行互動，要么直接點選地圖上的區(qū)域，要么從列表中選中一些選項。

（篇幅所限，后半部分請移步下篇。）

翻譯：沒有V3玩我要死了 AntiAccess 口袋姚怪 Akiren

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