英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-標(biāo)點符號之冒號（colon）

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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自

"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"

第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）

第9章（9. Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling）

第120–121頁

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Colon

冒號

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?? Use a ? colon to introduce a word, a phrase, a complete sentence, or several complete ? sentences that illustrate, clarify, or expand the information that precedes ? it. Capitalize the first word after a colon only if the colon introduces more ? than one complete sentence, a quotation, or a formal statement.

?? 使用冒號引入一個單詞、短語、一個完整的句子或幾個完整的句子，以說明、澄清或擴展其前面的信息。只有當(dāng)冒號引入了多個完整的語句、引文或正式陳述時，才將冒號后面的第一個單詞大寫。

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例1：The electron density was studied for the ground state of three groups of molecules: (1) methane–methanol–carbon dioxide, (2) water–hydrogen peroxide, and (3) ferrous oxide–ferric oxide.

例2：We now report a preliminary finding: no chemical shift changes were detected in the concentration range 0.1–10 M.

例3：The following are our conclusions: Large-angle X-ray scattering studies give us an accurate picture of structures up to 9 ?. They do not allow the specification of defects, such as random ruptures of the chains. The structural models defined are strongly supported by magnetic measurements.

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?? In ? figure captions, use a colon to introduce explanations of symbols or other ? aspects of the figure.

?? 在圖形標(biāo)題中，使用冒號介紹符號或圖形其它方面的說明。

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例1：Figure 1. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra of compound 12: top, 403 K; middle, 353 K; bottom, 298 K.

例2：Figure 3. Br?nsted-type plots for aminolysis in 1 M KCl at 25 °C: , 2-nitrophenyl acetate; , 3-chlorobenzoic acid; , 2,6-dinitrobenzoic acid.

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?? Do ? not use a colon (or any punctuation) between a verb and its object or ? complement or between a preposition and its object.

?? 不要在動詞和賓語、補語或介詞和賓語之間使用冒號（或任何標(biāo)點符號）。

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錯誤示例1：The rate constants for the reaction in increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide are: 3.9, 4.1, 4.4, 4.6, and 4.9.

正確示例1： The rate constants for the reaction in increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide are 3.9, 4.1, 4.4, 4.6, and 4.9.

錯誤示例2： The thermal decomposition was investigated with: gas chromatography, BET surface areas, and X-ray powder diffraction.

正確示例2：The thermal decomposition was investigated with gas chromatography, BET surface areas, and X-ray powder diffraction.

錯誤示例3： Transition-metal nitrides have many properties that make them suitable for industrial applications, including: high wear resistance, high decomposition temperature, and high microhardness.

正確示例3： Transition-metal nitrides have many properties that make them suitable for industrial applications, including high wear resistance, high decomposition temperature, and high microhardness.

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?? Use ? either a colon or a slash to represent a ratio, but not an en dash. Use ? either a slash or an en dash between components of a mixture, but not a ? colon.

?? 使用冒號或斜杠來表示比率，但不能使用短劃線。在混合物的成分之間使用斜杠或連字符，但不要使用冒號。

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例1：

dissolved in 5:1 glycerin/water

dissolved in 5:1 glycerin–water

例2：

the metal/ligand (1:1) reaction mixture

the metal–ligand (1:1) reaction mixture

the metal–ligand (1/1) reaction mixture

例3：

the methane/oxygen/argon (1/50/450) matrix

the methane/oxygen/argon (1:50:450) matrix

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