背景提要

在最新公布的《自然》雜志 Nature Index 高質(zhì)量研究成果排名榜單上中國(guó)大學(xué)的排名超越了牛津劍橋和加州理工學(xué)院。排名顯示中山大學(xué)過去一年對(duì)世界科學(xué)研究的貢獻(xiàn)超過牛津大學(xué)22%。

本文出自《SCMP 衛(wèi)報(bào)》Science專欄?0612期?Chinese universities ranked ahead of Oxbridge, Caltech in quality research output by Nature Index

全文共7段，預(yù)計(jì)??閱讀時(shí)間3分鐘。?

注：應(yīng)英語愛好者要求，文末將提供英中對(duì)照版本，譯文出自機(jī)翻，略有改動(dòng)

Rankings based on published scientific papers show Chinese institutions overtaking the US and other Western counterparts. ?South?China Morning Post

無譯文版

①Some universities that are little known outside China are rapidly surpassing their more established counterparts in the West – including Oxford, Cambridge, Princeton and Caltech – in high-quality scientific research, according to the latest Nature Index.?Seven of the top 10 university contributors were from China in the updated list –?maintained?by the academic journal Nature – that?tracks?contributions to research articles published in 82 of the world’s most influential natural science journals.

??surpass: 超過；勝過；優(yōu)于

【同義替換】“勝過/超過”除了我們常見的excel / beat / outperform外，可以嘗試使用“surpass”、“outshine”、“outstrip”等

①E.g.Within a year or two, coal will surpass oil as the planet's primary fuel, Mr. Catelin predicted.

譯：卡特蘭預(yù)測(cè)，煤炭將在一兩年內(nèi)超越石油，成為全球主要燃料。

②E.g.Ben Palmer easily outshone his rivals in the 200 metre freestyle.

譯：本?帕爾默在200米自由泳比賽中輕松戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手。

③E.g. Since the investigation, although the rises have been less marked, they have continued to outstrip inflation and earnings growth.

譯：自英國(guó)公平貿(mào)易局展開調(diào)查以來，盡管學(xué)費(fèi)上漲幅度有所放緩，但其速度仍高于通貨膨脹和收入增幅。

??more established counterparts: 成名更久的高校。“established”在本句中指的是“著名的；成名的；公認(rèn)的”

??maintain: 供養(yǎng)；扶養(yǎng)。本句中指的是“實(shí)時(shí)更新”，意同“update”

??track: 跟蹤（進(jìn)展情況）

②The index was based on scientific research?output?between February 1, 2022 and January 31, using “simple, transparent and current?metrics?that demonstrate high quality research and collaboration”, according to Nature.?The top five?spots?were?dominated?by large-scale institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Germany’s Max Plank Society and the French National Centre for Scientific Research, apart from Harvard University, which scored second place.?

??output: （人、機(jī)器、機(jī)構(gòu)的）產(chǎn)量，輸出量

??metrics: 度量；指標(biāo)

??spot: 排名位置（常用于競(jìng)賽）

??dominate: （在比賽中）占有優(yōu)勢(shì)，占據(jù)主動(dòng)，控制戰(zhàn)局

③Excluding large-scale institutions, Harvard was closely followed by the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) – which has a close relationship with the CAS – was in third place among university contributors.?Chinese?dominance?continued down the rankings, with Nanjing University – one of the oldest and most?prestigious?universities in China –?joining hands with?Beijing’s renowned Peking University and Tsinghua University to take fourth, fifth and sixth places, respectively.?

??dominance: 主導(dǎo)地位；優(yōu)勢(shì)

??prestigious: 有威望的；聲譽(yù)高的

??join hands with: 同…攜手；攜起手來；聯(lián)合

E.g. National University of Singapore has joined hands with University of California, Los Angeles.

譯：新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)（NUS）與加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校（UCLA）展開了合作。

④Stanford placed seventh while Zhejiang University, known for its engineering, computer science and technology programmes, was ranked eighth. Next was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.?In 10th place was Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, in the southern province of Guangdong.?Britain’s Oxford and Cambridge universities only?made it?to the 16th and 19th spots, respectively, despite being ranked second and fourth in this year’s QS World University Rankings,?compiled?by higher education analyst Quacquarelli Symonds.?

??make it to sth.: 做到；達(dá)到目的

E.g. If I make it to the Olympic final, it is going to be awesome.

譯：曼扎諾說，“如果我能取得奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍，那就太棒了。”

??compile: 編寫（書、列表、報(bào)告等）；編纂
⑤Sun Yat-sen University, which ranks 267 in the QS list, overtook the University of Oxford by making 22 per cent more contributions to the world’s published high-quality research, according to the Nature Index.?Some North American universities also received low scores from the Nature Index compared with their QS rankings.?The California Institute of Technology (Caltech), which is ranked sixth best in the world by QS, placed 47th in the Nature list. University of Chicago, in 10th place on the QS ranking, was in the 51st spot in terms of research output.

??overtake: 超過；趕上。

【拓展知識(shí)】“overtake”除了這層含義外，還有“（不愉快的事情）突然發(fā)生，突然降臨”的意思

E.g.The family was overtaken by tragedy several years ago, and they still haven't recovered.

譯：幾年前這家人突遭不幸，到現(xiàn)在還沒恢復(fù)過來。

⑥The highest placed Chinese universities in the QS rankings are Peking University at No 12 and Tsinghua University in 14th place. The QS list ranks Nanjing University at No 133, with USTC placed 94th. UCAS is not included in the QS ranking.?A look at the Nature Index between 2015 and 2023 shows how rapidly China has been closing the gap with the US in terms of high-quality research output.

??close the gap: 彌補(bǔ)差距；縮小差距

⑦China’s share of quality published research – a signature metric of the index – was 37 per cent of the US output in 2015. By 2020, that had risen to 69 per cent. In this year’s list, China’s share has overtaken the United States’ contribution by 20 per cent.?Among the four major disciplines tracked by the index – chemistry, Earth and environment, life sciences, and physical sciences – Chinese universities have a clear lead in chemistry.

??have a lead in: 處于領(lǐng)先地位

【補(bǔ)充知識(shí)】“處于領(lǐng)先地位”更常見的短語表達(dá)是“take a/the lead in”

E.g.Guangzhou Toyota took the lead in the opening of the dealer price limit, the Camry's price fell significantly.

譯：在廣州豐田率先放開對(duì)經(jīng)銷商價(jià)格限制后，凱美瑞的價(jià)格出現(xiàn)大幅度下降。

(523?words)

Source:https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3223810/nature-index-rates-chinese-universities-ahead-oxbridge-caltech-quality-research-output?

雙語對(duì)照版

Some universities that are little known outside China are rapidly?surpassing?their?more established counterparts?in the West – including Oxford, Cambridge, Princeton and Caltech – in high-quality scientific research, according to the latest Nature Index.?Seven of the top 10 university contributors were from China in the updated list –?maintained?by the academic journal Nature – that?tracks?contributions to research articles published in 82 of the world’s most influential natural science journals.

根據(jù)最新的《自然》指數(shù)，不少在中國(guó)境外鮮為人知的高校在高質(zhì)量科研方面正在迅速超越西方更加知名的高校，包括牛津、劍橋、普林斯頓和加州理工學(xué)院。?由學(xué)術(shù)期刊《自然》負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù)的最新榜單，在科研貢獻(xiàn)方面，前10所的高校中有7所來自中國(guó)，該榜單追蹤了高校對(duì)世界上最有影響力的82本自然科學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表的研究文章上做出的貢獻(xiàn)。

The index was based on scientific research?output?between February 1, 2022 and January 31, using “simple, transparent and current?metrics?that demonstrate high quality research and collaboration”, according to Nature.?The top five?spots?were?dominated?by large-scale institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Germany’s Max Plank Society and the French National Centre for Scientific Research, apart from Harvard University, which scored second place.?

據(jù)《自然》雜志報(bào)道，該指數(shù)基于2022年2月1日至2023年1月31日期間的科研成果，使用“簡(jiǎn)單、透明和最新的指標(biāo)來證明高質(zhì)量的研究和合作”。除哈佛大學(xué)位居第二外，前五名由中國(guó)科學(xué)院（CAS）、德國(guó)馬克斯·普朗克學(xué)會(huì)和法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)研究中心等大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)占據(jù)。

Excluding large-scale institutions, Harvard was closely followed by the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) – which has a close relationship with the CAS – was in third place among university contributors.?Chinese?dominance?continued down the rankings, with Nanjing University – one of the oldest and most?prestigious?universities in China –?joining hands with?Beijing’s renowned Peking University and Tsinghua University to take fourth, fifth and sixth places, respectively.?

除大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)外，緊隨哈佛其后的是中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)（USTC）。中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)（UCAS）與中國(guó)科學(xué)院關(guān)系密切在高校科研貢獻(xiàn)方面位居第三。在后續(xù)排名中，中國(guó)高校持續(xù)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)，中國(guó)歷史最悠久、最負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)之一的南京大學(xué)，與北京著名的北京大學(xué)和清華大學(xué)攜手分列第四、五、六位。

Stanford placed seventh while Zhejiang University, known for its engineering, computer science and technology programmes, was ranked eighth. Next was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.?In 10th place was Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, in the southern province of Guangdong.?Britain’s Oxford and Cambridge universities only?made it?to the 16th and 19th spots, respectively, despite being ranked second and fourth in this year’s QS World University Rankings,?compiled?by higher education analyst Quacquarelli Symonds.

斯坦福大學(xué)排名第七，而以工程、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和技術(shù)課程聞名的浙江大學(xué)排名第八。?麻省理工學(xué)院排名第九。?排在第十位的是位于中國(guó)南部廣東省廣州市的中山大學(xué)。?英國(guó)的牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)分列第16位和第19位，然而這兩所高校在今年由高等教育分析師Quacquarelli Symonds編制的QS世界大學(xué)排名中位列第二和第四。?

Sun Yat-sen University, which ranks 267 in the QS list,?overtook?the University of Oxford by making 22 per cent more contributions to the world’s published high-quality research, according to the Nature Index.?Some North American universities also received low scores from the Nature Index compared with their QS rankings.?The California Institute of Technology (Caltech), which is ranked sixth best in the world by QS, placed 47th in the Nature list. University of Chicago, in 10th place on the QS ranking, was in the 51st spot in terms of research output.

根據(jù)《自然》指數(shù)，在QS榜單中排名第267位的中山大學(xué)超越牛津大學(xué)，對(duì)全球已發(fā)表的高質(zhì)量研究的貢獻(xiàn)增加了22%。與QS的高排名相比，一些北美的高校在《自然》指數(shù)中的得分均不理想。QS全球排名第六的加州理工學(xué)院（Caltech）在《自然》榜單中僅僅排名第47位。芝加哥大學(xué)在QS排名中位列第10位，但在《自然》榜單的研究產(chǎn)出方面僅排名第 51 位。

The highest placed Chinese universities in the QS rankings are Peking University at No 12 and Tsinghua University in 14th place. The QS list ranks Nanjing University at No 133, with USTC placed 94th. UCAS is not included in the QS ranking.?A look at the Nature Index between 2015 and 2023 shows how rapidly China has been?closing the gap?with the US in terms of high-quality research output.

在QS榜單排名最高的中國(guó)高校是第12位的北京大學(xué)和第14位的清華大學(xué)。QS榜單中南京大學(xué)位列第133位，中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)位列第94位。中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)不計(jì)入QS排名。觀察一下2015年至2023年的《自然》指數(shù)，就可以看出在高質(zhì)量研究成果方面中國(guó)與美國(guó)的差距正在迅速縮小。

China’s share of quality published research – a signature metric of the index – was 37 per cent of the US output in 2015. By 2020, that had risen to 69 per cent. In this year’s list, China’s share has overtaken the United States’ contribution by 20 per cent.?Among the four major disciplines tracked by the index – chemistry, Earth and environment, life sciences, and physical sciences – Chinese universities?have a clear?lead in?chemistry.

2015年，中國(guó)發(fā)表的高質(zhì)量研究成果（也就是《自然》指數(shù)的標(biāo)志性指數(shù)）占美國(guó)的37%。到2020年，這一比例上升至 69%。在今年的榜單中，中國(guó)的指數(shù)已經(jīng)超過美國(guó)，超出了20%。在《自然》指數(shù)追蹤的四大學(xué)科（化學(xué)、地球與環(huán)境、生命科學(xué)和物理科學(xué)）中，中國(guó)高校的指數(shù)在化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中遙遙領(lǐng)先。

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