At the turn of the 17th century, Britain was in a period of transition from feudal system to capitalist system, which was a huge turning point in the process of British history. During the prosperous period under Elizabeth's rule, the bourgeoisie supported monarchy, while monarchy utilized it, forming a temporary alliance between the two sides. Due to the relatively stable political situation, social productivity has achieved rapid development. The development of this emerging capitalist production relationship, although accelerating the collapse of feudal society, remains essentially a cruel exploitation of farmers. After James I succeeded to the throne, authoritarianism and centralization were further strengthened, and the resistance of the bourgeoisie and the working people was comprehensively suppressed, further intensifying social conflicts. This fundamentally shook the feudal order and prepared the conditions for the 17th century British bourgeois revolution. Shakespeare's creation is a profound reflection of the art of this era. As the founder of British realistic literature, he had a significant impact on the development of world literature.

Hamlet attempts to reflect the social reality of England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, borrowing from the history of Denmark in the 8th century. At that time, Britain was an era of reverse chaos, and "Hamlet" was a microcosm of this era. The game between Hamlet and Claudius in the play symbolizes the struggle between emerging bourgeois humanists and reactionary representatives of feudal monarchy.

The plot of Hamlet's story is a story of revenge: while studying at the University of Wittenburg in Germany, Danish Prince Hamlet suddenly received the news of his father's death and returned home to mourn. He encountered a series of events: his uncle Claudius succeeded to the throne, and his mother Gertrude hastily remarried to the new king less than two months after his father's funeral, which made Hamlet both puzzled and dissatisfied. Soon after, the ghost of the old king appeared, Explain the truth about being harmed by a traitor and demand that Hamlet avenge himself. After experiencing a decision about survival or destruction, the protagonist was uplifted with grief and sighed deeply: This is an era of chaos and reversal. Alas! Unfortunately, I have to bear the responsibility of reconciling the world. From the beginning, he combined the task of avenging his father with transforming reality. The emergence of the soul of the old king was a crucial opportunity for the prince to evolve from a son to a warrior. Hamlet was determined to put on battle clothes and prepare to avenge his father. He used feigning madness to cover himself and through "play in play" The investigation obtained evidence to confirm that his uncle was indeed the enemy of his father's murder. In the desperate process of revenge, Hamlet accidentally killed the father of his beloved woman Ophelia, which directly led to her collapse and destruction. The newly established king threatened Hamlet over this matter and attempted to use the hand of the British king to kill him. However, Hamlet modified the secret letter in advance and was able to flee back to Denmark, but he also received the duel invitation from the Ophelia brothers. In the shadow of the sword and light, Gertrude died by mistakenly drinking poisoned wine. Hamlet was furious and filled with old and new grudges. He used a poisoned sword and poisoned wine to punish Claudius, punishing the culprit. With wisdom and courage, he completed his revenge mission, but he also died together due to the poison in his body.

????Firstly, from the perspective of characters, Hamlet is undoubtedly a great character in literary history. As a representative work of the Renaissance, Hamlet was also endowed with a humanistic color by Shakespeare. In Shakespeare's mind, human existence is undoubtedly great and should be independent and free, but no one can be perfect, which is reflected in Hamlet. He was deeply influenced by humanistic ideas, had a beautiful vision of humanity, and was a passionate young man with ideals and aspirations. He could have naturally become a wise monarch, but the cruel social reality forced him to avenge his father through the strategy of pretending to be crazy and foolish, which paralyzed the enemy. In the harsh situation of the enemy being strong and weak, isolated and helpless, Hamlet dared to engage in a tit for tat struggle and cleverly and keenly discerned the traps set by the treacherous king. But he also believed in the theory of ghosts and believed in God's invisible manipulation of the power of life and death in the world, so that he did not kill Claudius during his prayers and missed the opportunity. He is naturally kind and does not believe that his uncle and mother will betray his father; When facing the heavy burden of family and country, his melancholic personality also shows a weak side, making it difficult to bear the burden. He is a quick thinker but trapped in action. Although Hamlet ultimately completed his revenge, it was at the cost of sacrificing himself. Although the end of the burning of jade and stone showed that in Britain at that time, the feudal forces still had a powerful force that shook the earth, it also reflected the class limitations of the humanists themselves from another perspective.

Humanism, as a new ideology, advocates for the liberation and freedom of human personality, but there are still too many ordinary people who are oppressed by religion. They want to resist and escape this rule and oppression, but due to their inner anxiety and indecisiveness, they ultimately question the rationality of religion and cannot break free from its constraints, Having lived a life full of contradictions and doubts in such a situation. This is the fate of most liberation seekers, and it also corresponds to Hamlet in the text.

However, these people were not the only ones in society at that time. In the text, the simple Ophelia's life tragedy stems from her simple and ignorant thinking, even if it becomes a tool for her father and the king to frame Hamlet, she is not aware of it. Even after Hamlet stabbed his father Polonius and was exiled, she still didn't understand the reason behind it and went crazy until she died. This fate also corresponded to the victims of the political struggles of the feudal aristocracy in Europe at that time. These people do not eat human fireworks, are chaste and beautiful, and are the embodiment of idealism. However, in such a chaotic society, they cannot live independently and can only become tools in the hands of others. Their tragedy, like Hamlet, was caused by the times and themselves.

Of course, Shakespeare also depicted characters of the ruling class, namely Claudius. Claudius was a symbol of the evil forces of the feudal system in British society at that time and the head of the reactionary monarchy. After he killed his brother, usurped the throne, and married his sister-in-law, he was treacherous and evil, indulging in debauchery and shamelessness, and committed every evil. On the surface, he falsely claimed that the old king had been bitten to death by a venomous snake, took care of Hamlet in every way, and even regarded him as his own, claiming that he would give way to him after death; In fact, he took away Hamlet's inheritance rights and made every effort to eliminate this potential threat. Therefore, in the insidious, vicious, and hypocritical Claudius, various ugly characteristics of feudal tyrants and bourgeois ambitious individuals during the primitive accumulation period are revealed. Shakespeare naturally has a deep aversion to such people, and his analysis of these people is actually biased towards subjective assumptions. Therefore, let's imagine whether the trend of humanism can also lead to the emergence of such people. The answer is actually yes. Humanism pursues the liberation of human personality, which leads to the continuous indulgence of many upper class people and their freedom from religious and legal constraints. They constantly vent their desires in this way, gradually becoming slaves to their desires, causing the upper class of European society to be once again corroded.

However, no matter what, everyone seems to have strengths and weaknesses, and personality flaws make the characters in Shakespeare's tragic works highly aesthetic. Shakespeare's high praise for humans who do not hide their flaws is aimed at restoring the true human race. This is also the author's unique brilliance. The characters he presents in front of us are not perfect divine beings, but ordinary people with flesh and blood, controlled by emotions, and flaws. It is precisely the existence of these flaws that make the character image rich and full, becoming fresh and lively. What makes people feel great about Hamlet is actually what makes people great. Everyone has a longing for freedom, a desire to satisfy their desires, a selfless pursuit of a cause, and a tendency to self doubt. Those innocent people will eventually become secular, and those greedy people will also have their own ending. Brave people may sacrifice, but cowardly people can live with it. We criticize those who are evil, we praise those who are kind. In fact, there are two types of personalities in us. However, choice, responsibility, love, and morality ultimately require us to make our own choices, and we will also lead to different endings.