【文獻(xiàn)速遞】【Nature】【2022年】【7月】
聲明：本專欄主要對生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一些期刊文章標(biāo)題進(jìn)行翻譯，所有內(nèi)容均由本人手工整理翻譯。由于本人專業(yè)為生物分析相關(guān)，其他領(lǐng)域如果出現(xiàn)翻譯錯(cuò)誤請諒解。
On 4 July 2012, researchers at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) made a long-awaited announcement: they had finally obtained evidence that affirmed the existence of the Higgs boson. In this week’s issue, teams from the two main experiments at the LHC present analyses of all the data collected on the particle since its discovery. The standard model of particle physics predicts that coupling between the Higgs boson and any given particle should be proportional to their mass — the results from CMS and ATLAS experiments show that, for the heavy particles they have been able to observe, the data are in line with predictions. A Perspective article goes on to offer an overview of what we have learnt about the particle so far — and how closer scrutiny of it might be key to some of the most important open questions in fundamental physics.
2012年7月4日，大型強(qiáng)子對撞機(jī)（LHC）的研究人員發(fā)布了期待已久的公告：他們終于獲得了證實(shí)希格斯玻色子存在的證據(jù)。在本周的期刊中，大型強(qiáng)子對撞機(jī)兩個(gè)主要實(shí)驗(yàn)的團(tuán)隊(duì)展示了自該粒子被發(fā)現(xiàn)以來收集到的所有數(shù)據(jù)的分析。粒子物理學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型預(yù)測，希格斯玻色子和任何給定粒子之間的耦合應(yīng)該與其質(zhì)量成正比——CMS和ATLAS實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明，對于他們能夠觀察到的重粒子，數(shù)據(jù)是與預(yù)測相符的。一篇看法文章接著概述了迄今為止我們對粒子的了解——以及對它的更深入研究可能是解決基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)中一些最重要的開放性問題的關(guān)鍵。
犬類直接的連接
Although the domestic dog can trace its origins to the grey wolf (Canis lupus), exactly when, where and how domestication happened has remained a source of debate. In this week’s issue, Anders Bergstr?m, Pontus Skoglund and their colleagues, take a step towards resolving this question. The researchers analysed the genomes of 72 ancient wolves from across Europe, Siberia and North America, and spanning the past 100,000 years. They found that dogs are most closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia but that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves. Although none of the genomes analysed was a direct match for either dog ancestry, the researchers say that it has narrowed down where next to look for the ancestors of domestic dogs.
盡管家犬的起源可以追溯到灰狼（Canis lupus），但馴化的確切時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方式仍然存在爭議。在本周的期刊中，Anders Bergstr?m、Pontus Skoglund 及其同事朝著解決這個(gè)問題邁出了一步。研究人員分析了來自歐洲、西伯利亞和北美跨越過去10萬年的72頭古狼的基因組。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗與歐亞大陸東部的古代狼關(guān)系最密切，但近東和非洲的狗有一半的祖先來自與現(xiàn)代歐亞大陸西南部狼相關(guān)的獨(dú)特種群。盡管所分析的基因組中沒有一個(gè)與任何一只狗的祖先直接匹配，但研究人員表示，它已經(jīng)縮小了下一步尋找家犬祖先的范圍。
The cover shows an artistic impression of marine life in Indonesia’s coral reefs. The question of whether there are limits to biodiversity in the seas is typically addressed by examining the fossil record. In this week’s issue, Pedro Cerme?o and his colleagues present a model that combines the fossil record with plate tectonics and Earth’s environmental conditions to offer insight into regional diversification of marine invertebrates. The researchers used the model to examine how biodiversity recovered after mass extinctions during the Phanerozoic eon, covering some 500 million years of Earth’s history. They found that throughout the Phanerozoic, less than 2% of area of the globe covered by water showed signs of diversity levels reaching saturation. The team also note that as Pangaea broke up into continents, the stability of Earth’s environmental conditions allowed the development of diversity hotspots that helped to drive an increase in biodiversity in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
封面展示了印度尼西亞珊瑚礁中海洋生物的藝術(shù)印象。海洋生物多樣性是否存在限制的問題通常通過檢查化石記錄來解決。在本周的期刊中，Pedro Cerme?o和他的同事提出了一個(gè)模型，該模型將化石記錄與板塊構(gòu)造和地球環(huán)境條件相結(jié)合，以深入了解海洋無脊椎動(dòng)物的區(qū)域多樣化。研究人員使用該模型研究了顯生宙期間大規(guī)模滅絕后生物多樣性如何恢復(fù)，涵蓋了大約 5 億年的地球歷史。 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在整個(gè)顯生宙期間，只有不到2%的地球被水覆蓋的區(qū)域顯示出多樣性水平達(dá)到飽和的跡象。該團(tuán)隊(duì)還指出，隨著盤古大陸分裂成大陸，地球環(huán)境條件的穩(wěn)定性允許多樣性熱點(diǎn)的發(fā)展，這有助于推動(dòng)中生代晚期和新生代生物多樣性的增加。
大寒冷
The cover shows an artist’s impression of a frozen microwave antenna surrounded by very cold molecules. Gases of polar molecules offer greater potential than atomic gases for probing quantum effects, but they first need to be cooled sufficiently, which is a challenge. In this week’s issue, Andreas Schindewolf and his colleagues present a method for cooling polar molecules to the point where the gas becomes degenerate and quantum effects dominate. To do this, the researchers use tailored microwave fields to introduce repulsive barriers that prevent loss-inducing reactions between molecules from occurring. The result is that the molecules are readily cooled through elastic collisions to 21 nanokelvin, generating a 3D dipolar quantum gas of interacting molecules.
封面展示了一位藝術(shù)家對被極冷分子包圍的冷凍微波天線的印象。極性分子的氣體在探測量子效應(yīng)方面比原子氣體具有更大的潛力，但它們首先需要充分冷卻，這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。在本周的期刊中，Andreas Schindewolf和他的同事提出了一種將極性分子冷卻到氣體降解且量子效應(yīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的程度的方法。為此，研究人員使用定制的微波場引入排斥屏障，防止分子之間發(fā)生損失誘導(dǎo)反應(yīng)。結(jié)果是分子很容易通過彈性碰撞冷卻到21納開爾文，產(chǎn)生相互作用分子的3D偶極量子氣體。
1.Cancer cells spread aggressively during sleep.
癌細(xì)胞在睡眠期間積極擴(kuò)散。
2.Topology turns the crank on a magnetoelectric switch.
拓?fù)浯蜷_了磁電開關(guān)上的曲柄。
3.From the archive: Shakespeare’s stage directions, and fern fever.
來自檔案：莎士比亞的舞臺指示和蕨類熱。
4.Touch-evoked itch pinned on Piezo1 ion-channel protein.
固定在Piezo1離子通道蛋白上的觸摸誘發(fā)瘙癢。
5.Synthetic molecular cluster hints at mechanism of nitrogen fixation.
合成分子簇暗示氮固定機(jī)理。
6.A cell atlas for migraine research.
偏頭痛研究的細(xì)胞地圖集。
7.The Higgs boson turns ten.
希格斯玻色子十歲。
8.Turbulent cold flows gave birth to the first quasars.
動(dòng)蕩的冷流誕生了第一個(gè)類星體。
9.A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery.
發(fā)現(xiàn)后十年，ATLAS實(shí)驗(yàn)的Higgs玻色子相互作用的詳細(xì)地圖。
10.A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery.
發(fā)現(xiàn)后十年，CMS實(shí)驗(yàn)的Higgs Boson肖像。
11.Entangling single atoms over 33?km telecom fibre.
糾纏超過33公里的電信纖維的單個(gè)原子。
12.Direct observation of vortices in an electron fluid.
直接觀察電子流體中的渦旋。
13.Topologically protected magnetoelectric switching in a multiferroic.
在多表情中受拓?fù)浔Ｗo(hù)的磁電交換。
14.Nitrogen reduction by the Fe sites of synthetic [Mo3S4Fe] cubes.
合成[MO3S4FE]立方體的鐵位減少氮。
15.Optimization of avian perching manoeuvres.
優(yōu)化禽棲息動(dòng)作。
16.Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19.
全基因組測序揭示了關(guān)鍵COVID-19的基礎(chǔ)宿主因素。
17.PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice.
小鼠中PIEZO1轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)機(jī)械瘙癢。
18.Biosynthetic potential of the global ocean microbiome.
全球海洋微生物組的生物合成潛力。
19.Characterization and antiviral susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2的表征和抗病毒敏感性。
20.Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA增強(qiáng)后，增加了記憶B細(xì)胞的能力和廣度。
21.cBAF complex components and MYC cooperate early in CD8+ T cell fate.
cBAF復(fù)合物成分和MYC在CD8+ T細(xì)胞命運(yùn)早期合作。
22.Ablation of cDC2 development by triple mutations within the Zeb2 enhancer.
Zeb2增強(qiáng)子內(nèi)三重突變的cDC2消融開發(fā)。
23.Deciphering the immunopeptidome in vivo reveals new tumour antigens.
分解體內(nèi)免疫肽組揭示了新的腫瘤抗原。
24.The metastatic spread of breast cancer accelerates during sleep.
乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移性在睡眠期間加速。
25.GREM1 is required to maintain cellular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer.
需要GREM1維持胰腺癌中的細(xì)胞異質(zhì)性。
26.OCA-T1 and OCA-T2 are coactivators of POU2F3 in the tuft cell lineage.
OCA-T1和OCA-T2是簇細(xì)胞譜系中POU2F3的共激活因子。
27.Compatibility rules of human enhancer and promoter sequences.
人類增強(qiáng)子和啟動(dòng)子序列的兼容規(guī)則。
28.eIF5B and eIF1A reorient initiator tRNA to allow ribosomal subunit joining.
eIF5B和eIF1A重新定向啟動(dòng)器tRNA允許核糖體亞基連接。
29.Cryo-EM structure of a type IV secretion system.
IV型分泌系統(tǒng)的冷凍電鏡結(jié)構(gòu)。
30.A path forward for analysing the impacts of marine protected areas.
分析海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的影響的前進(jìn)道路。
31.Reply to: A path forward for analysing the impacts of marine protected areas.
回復(fù)：分析海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的影響的前進(jìn)道路。
32.Sediment study finds the pulse of tropical glaciers.
沉積物研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了熱帶冰川的脈搏。
33.A gene-expression axis defines neuron behaviour.
基因表達(dá)軸定義神經(jīng)元行為。
34.100-year-old pandemic flu viruses yield new genomes.
100年大流行的流感病毒產(chǎn)生新的基因組。
35.From the archive: butterfly snacking habits and alpine maps.
來自檔案：蝴蝶零食習(xí)慣和高山地圖。
36.Odd living matter defies the golden rule of mechanics.
奇怪的生活問題無視力學(xué)的黃金法則。
37.Norovirus from the mouths of babes.
嬰兒嘴里的諾如病毒。
38.Inflammatory memory and tissue adaptation in sickness and in health.
疾病和健康中的炎癥記憶和組織適應(yīng)。
39.Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst.
在快速無線電爆發(fā)中的次秒周期性。
40.Nuclear moments of indium isotopes reveal abrupt change at magic number 82.
依賴同位素的核矩顯示神奇數(shù)字82的突然變化。
41.Optical observation of single spins in silicon.
硅中單自旋的光學(xué)觀察。
42.Measuring the knot of non-Hermitian degeneracies and non-commuting braids.
測量非Hermitian退化和非commuting braids的結(jié)。
43.Elastocaloric determination of the phase diagram of Sr2RuO4.
Sr2RuO4相圖的彈性測定。
44.Anti-reflection structure for perfect transmission through complex media.
抗反射結(jié)構(gòu)，可通過復(fù)雜介質(zhì)進(jìn)行完美傳播。
45.Odd dynamics of living chiral crystals.
活手性晶體的奇怪動(dòng)力。
46.Local nanoscale phase impurities are degradation sites in halide perovskites.
局部納米相雜質(zhì)是鹵化物鈣鈦礦中的降解位點(diǎn)。
47.700,000 years of tropical Andean glaciation.
700,000年的熱帶安第斯山脈冰河。
48.Life rather than climate influences diversity at scales greater than 40?million years.
生命而不是氣候影響超過4000萬年的尺度上的多樣性。
49.Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs.
灰狼基因組史揭示了狗的雙重血統(tǒng)。
50.Targeting thalamic circuits rescues motor and mood deficits in PD mice.
靶向丘腦電路可挽救PD小鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)和情緒缺陷。
51.A transcriptomic axis predicts state modulation of cortical interneurons.
轉(zhuǎn)錄組軸預(yù)測皮質(zhì)中間神經(jīng)元的狀態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)。
52.Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate.
增加植物免疫對溫暖氣候的彈性。
53.Enteric viruses replicate in salivary glands and infect through saliva.
腸道病毒在唾液腺中復(fù)制，并通過唾液感染。
54.Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination.
沒有疫苗接種的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron的跨變體免疫力有限。
55.Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons.
Omicron感染增強(qiáng)了接種人中的Delta抗體免疫。
56.Potentiating adoptive cell therapy using synthetic IL-9 receptors.
使用合成IL-9受體加強(qiáng)過繼細(xì)胞療法。
57.cGAS–STING drives the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally instable cancers.
cGAS–STING驅(qū)動(dòng)染色體不穩(wěn)定癌癥的IL-6依賴性生存。
58.A peroxisomal ubiquitin ligase complex forms a retrotranslocation channel.
過氧化物酶體泛素連接酶復(fù)合物形成逆轉(zhuǎn)錄通道。
59.Core control principles of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
真核細(xì)胞周期的核心控制原理。
60.De novo design of discrete, stable 310-helix peptide assemblies.
從頭設(shè)計(jì)離散，穩(wěn)定的310-螺旋肽組件。
61.Structure of the Dicer-2–R2D2 heterodimer bound to a small RNA duplex.
Dicer-2–R2D2異二聚體結(jié)合與小RNA雙鏈體結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)。
62.Structural insights into dsRNA processing by Drosophila Dicer-2–Loqs-PD.
果蠅Dicer-2–Loqs-PD對dsRNA處理的結(jié)構(gòu)見解。
63.Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people.
恢復(fù)優(yōu)先級必須由邊緣化的人告知。
64.Reply to: Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people.
答復(fù)：恢復(fù)優(yōu)先級必須由邊緣化的人告知。
65.Relocation sustains intestinal stem-cell numbers.
搬遷維持腸干細(xì)胞數(shù)。
66.Strain solves switch hitch for an antiferromagnetic material.
應(yīng)變求解開關(guān)掛鉤的抗鐵磁材料。
67.Location in the nucleus foretells chromosome anomalies.
核中預(yù)言染色體異常的位置。
68.Disease spread: heating and stirring the global viral soup.
疾病擴(kuò)散：加熱和攪拌全球病毒湯。
69.A microscopic electric motor made of DNA.
由DNA制成的微觀電動(dòng)機(jī)。
70.Extended far-ultraviolet emission in distant dwarf galaxies.
遠(yuǎn)處矮星系中擴(kuò)展的遠(yuǎn)紫外線發(fā)射。
71.Dynamical topological phase realized in a trapped-ion quantum simulator.
動(dòng)態(tài)拓?fù)潆A段在被困的離子量子模擬器中實(shí)現(xiàn)。
72.Digital quantum simulation of Floquet symmetry-protected topological phases.
Floquet對稱保護(hù)拓?fù)潆A段的數(shù)字量子模擬。
73.Perpendicular full switching of chiral antiferromagnetic order by current.
電流手性反鐵磁序的垂直全切換。
74.Giant pyroelectricity in nanomembranes.
納米膜中的巨型熱電。
75.Coherent interfaces govern direct transformation from graphite to diamond.
相干界面控制著從石墨到鉆石的直接轉(zhuǎn)換。
76.A DNA origami rotary ratchet motor.
DNA折紙旋轉(zhuǎn)棘輪電機(jī)。
77.Electrocatalytic metal hydride generation using CPET mediators.
使用CPET介質(zhì)生成電催化金屬氫化物。
78.Post-extinction recovery of the Phanerozoic oceans and biodiversity hotspots.
顯生宙海洋和生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)的滅絕后恢復(fù)。
79.A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress.
協(xié)同的心態(tài)干預(yù)可以保護(hù)青少年免受壓力。
80.Action suppression reveals opponent parallel control via striatal circuits.
動(dòng)作抑制揭示了對手通過紋狀體回路的平行控制。
81.Molecular landscapes of human hippocampal immature neurons across lifespan.
人類海馬不成熟神經(jīng)元的分子景觀跨越壽命。
82.A receptor–channel trio conducts Ca2+ signalling for pollen tube reception.
受體-通道三重奏會導(dǎo)致花粉管接收的Ca2+信號傳導(dǎo)。
83.Single-cell roadmap of human gonadal development.
人類性腺發(fā)育的單細(xì)胞路線圖。
84.Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine.
逆行運(yùn)動(dòng)決定了腸中的有效干細(xì)胞數(shù)。
85.Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk.
氣候變化增加了跨物種的病毒傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
86.Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation.
腸道病原體的主宿主進(jìn)化有助于肝易位。
87.C. elegans as a model for inter-individual variation in metabolism.
C.秀麗隱桿線蟲是代謝中個(gè)體差異的模型。
88.Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress.
在急性應(yīng)激期間，腦電動(dòng)機(jī)和恐懼回路調(diào)節(jié)白細(xì)胞。
89.The gut metabolite indole-3 propionate promotes nerve regeneration and repair.
腸道代謝物吲哚-3丙酸酯促進(jìn)神經(jīng)再生和修復(fù)。
90.Mitochondrial RNA modifications shape metabolic plasticity in metastasis.
線粒體RNA修飾在轉(zhuǎn)移中形成代謝可塑性。
91.Nuclear chromosome locations dictate segregation error frequencies.
核染色體位置決定隔離誤差頻率。
92.Structure of the nutrient-sensing hub GATOR2.
營養(yǎng)感應(yīng)輪轂GATOR2的結(jié)構(gòu)。
93.Biosynthesis of strychnine.
士寧的生物合成。
94.Trapped meltwater affects mass loss of Greenland ice sheet.
被困的融水會影響格陵蘭冰蓋的質(zhì)量損失。
95.Evolution of thermoregulation as told by ear.
耳朵講述溫度調(diào)節(jié)的演變。
96.Quantum entanglement provides a key to improved security.
量子糾纏為提高安全性提供了關(guān)鍵。
97.From the archive: library design and London’s Bloomsbury district.
來自檔案：圖書館設(shè)計(jì)和倫敦的布盧姆斯伯里區(qū)。
98.Eggs remodel energy production to protect themselves from harm.
雞蛋重塑能量生產(chǎn)以保護(hù)自己免受傷害。
99.Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation.
量子模擬中的實(shí)用量子優(yōu)勢。
100.Evaporation of microwave-shielded polar molecules to quantum degeneracy.
微波屏蔽的極性分子蒸發(fā)到量子退化。
101.Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell's theorem.
貝爾定理認(rèn)證的實(shí)驗(yàn)量子密鑰分布。
102.A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users.
遙遠(yuǎn)用戶的獨(dú)立于設(shè)備的量子密鑰分配系統(tǒng)。
103.Magnetic memory and spontaneous vortices in a van der Waals superconductor.
范德華超導(dǎo)體中的磁記憶和自發(fā)渦流。
104.Exceptional-point-based accelerometers with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.
具有增強(qiáng)信號噪聲比的基于特殊點(diǎn)的加速度計(jì)。
105.Atomic imaging of zeolite-confined single molecules by electron microscopy.
通過電子顯微鏡對沸石構(gòu)造的單分子的原子成像。
106.Dislocation-induced stop-and-go kinetics of interfacial transformations.
位錯(cuò)引起的界面變換的停止動(dòng)力學(xué)。
107.Threshold response to melt drives large-scale bed weakening in Greenland.
對融化的閾值反應(yīng)驅(qū)動(dòng)了格陵蘭島大規(guī)模弱化床層。
108.Competition for pollinators destabilizes plant coexistence.
授粉媒介的競爭破壞了植物共存。
109.Inner ear biomechanics reveals a Late Triassic origin for mammalian endothermy.
內(nèi)耳生物力學(xué)揭示了恒溫哺乳動(dòng)物的晚期三疊紀(jì)起源。
110.The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank.
英國生物庫中150,119個(gè)基因組的序列。
111.Hippocampal place cells have goal-oriented vector fields during navigation.
在導(dǎo)航期間，海馬位置單元具有面向目標(biāo)的矢量場。
112.The neuronal logic of how internal states control food choice.
內(nèi)部狀態(tài)如何控制食物的神經(jīng)元邏輯。
113.Oocytes maintain ROS-free mitochondrial metabolism by suppressing complex I.
卵母細(xì)胞維持無ROS的線粒體代謝抑制復(fù)合物I。
114.Immune tolerance of food is mediated by layers of CD4+ T cell dysfunction.
食物的免疫耐受性是由CD4+ T細(xì)胞功能障礙層介導(dǎo)的。
115.ADAR1 mutation causes ZBP1-dependent immunopathology.
ADAR1突變導(dǎo)致ZBP1依賴性免疫病理學(xué)。
116.ADAR1 averts fatal type I interferon induction by ZBP1.
ADAR1通過ZBP1避免致命的I型干擾素誘導(dǎo)。
117.ADAR1 prevents autoinflammation by suppressing spontaneous ZBP1 activation.
ADAR1通過抑制自發(fā)的ZBP1激活來阻止自發(fā)性炎癥。
118.YAP/TAZ activity in stromal cells prevents ageing by controlling cGAS–STING.
基質(zhì)細(xì)胞中的YAP/TAZ活性通過控制cGAS–STING來防止衰老。
119.Mechanisms of APOBEC3 mutagenesis in human cancer cells.
人類癌細(xì)胞中APOBEC3誘變的機(jī)制。
120.Super-enhancer hypermutation alters oncogene expression in B cell lymphoma.
超增強(qiáng)劑超成年變化在B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤中的癌基因表達(dá)。
121.Mechanisms and inhibition of Porcupine-mediated Wnt acylation.
豪豬介導(dǎo)的 Wnt ?；臋C(jī)理和抑制。
122.Membrane-anchored HDCR nanowires drive hydrogen-powered CO2 fixation.
膜錨定的HDCR納米線驅(qū)動(dòng)氫供電的二氧化碳固定。
123.Concerns of assuming linearity in the reconstruction of thermal maxima.
在熱最大值重建中假設(shè)線性的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。
124.Reply to: Concerns of assuming linearity in the reconstruction of thermal maxima.
回復(fù)：在熱最大值重建中假設(shè)線性的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。
