三月份是考博季，相信不少人已經(jīng)結(jié)束了自己考博的初試戰(zhàn)斗了，不知道今年統(tǒng)考和各大院校的英語(yǔ)試題的難度和往年相比怎么樣呢，有考到多少自己重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)過的詞匯呢，又有多少人押中了作文題目。趁此時(shí)機(jī)， @考博英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)屋 貼出19年中科院考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解部分的真題吧，讓剛剛考完的考生對(duì)比一下兩者的難度，也讓準(zhǔn)備下一屆考博考試和還在觀望考博的人了解一下考博英語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容和難度吧。

PART II READING COMPREHENSION?

Section A( 60 minutes， 30 points )

Directions：Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A， B， C， and D. Read each passage carefully， and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet?

Passage One?

You may be reading this while on a conference call， pushing your child on a swing---or both. But is multitasking really a good idea， or does it make us do everything more slowly and less well than if we were concentrating on one task at a time?

Psychologists cite robust research that paying more attention to a task improves performance. Humans， they argue， are good at doing rapidly sequential tasks， rather than simultaneous ones. My teenagers insist it is fine to revise while texting and watching YouTube---but they are wrong. In 2009， a research team from Stanford， led by Clifford Nass， compared heavy versus light media multitaskers in a series of tests. Nass thought the heavier multitaskers would be better at organising and storing information and have superior memories， but it turned out that the opposite was true .When the groups were shown configurations of coloured shapes and asked to remember their positions and ignore others， the multitaskers couldn't do it. They were constantly distracted and their ability to switch between tasks， filter irrelevant information and remember what they had seen was worse than the lighter multitaskers.

A team led by David Strayer at the University of Utah looked at people who drive while using the phone and found that they were more than twice as likely to miss stop signs. In a later study， Strayer found that people who are most likely to multitask are those who think they are g real at it. Seventy percent of the 310 students in his study thought they were above average at multitasking. People who multi tasked the most had high levels of impulsive behaviour and were generally the most ill-suited to attempt more than one job at a time.

Nass's research led him to suggest that we should spend 20 minutes on one task and then switch to another， rather than filing any faster between the two. Tests that measure the ability to remember shapes arc less compelling than real-life multitasking research， but the evidence suggests that we delude ourselves if we think we can do more than one thing well at the same time. Limited research suggests that women maybe a teeny bit better at it but few of us are naturals. Strayer’s research suggests that around 3%of the population are “supertaskers” who do better the more they do. The rest of us， however， should stick to one thing at a time.?

36.. The author maybe suggesting in Paragraph 1 that?

A. babysitting slows down one's work?

B. multitasking is common?

C. multitasking is more effective?

D. concentration is a good idea?

37. According to Paragraph 2， research suggests that humans perform well when?

A. doing several tasks at a time?

B. doing thigs slowly?

C. doing tasks one by one?

D. doing thigs energetically?

38 Which of the following is true ah out heavy multitaskers??

A.They tend to ignore others.?

B.They are less likely to stay focused.?

C.They have superior memories.?

D.They manage time well?

39. Strayer's studies show that?

A.people overestimate their multitasking ability?

B.teenagers are better at multitasking?

C.students are more likely to multitask?

D.impulsive people are not suited to multitask?

40 What is the author's attitude towards women's multitasking ability??

A.Optimistic.?

B.Confident?

C.Critical?

D.Prudent?

41.A possible suggestion from the author is to?

A.work less than 20 minutes on one task?

B.think twice before taking action?

C.spend less time on social media?

D.do things sequentially

Passage Tow

Collapses this spring at a couple of ancient sites here caused weary archaeologists to warn， yet again， about other imminent calamities threatening Rome's precarious architectural birthright.?

Meanwhile，the smart set went crazy when a splendid national museum for contemporary art， Maxxi， opened recently， along with an expansion to the city-run new-art museum， Macro. That was just after Rome's mayor Gianni Aleman no， convened a conference for planners and architects to sketch a bid for the 2020 Olympics as an incentive to update Italy’s capital . Contemporary architecture now promises to he the engine and symbol of a new creative identity for Rome that， if development is done right for a change， would complement the city's glorious past?

“What does Rome want to be when it grows up? “is how Richard Burdett a planner from London with Italian roots. Put the situation the other day. He meant the situation of Rome at a crossroads. Struggling ahead， falling behind.

Change is never easy here. When a museum designed by Richard Meier， a glass and marble building to house the Ara Pacis， opened a few years ago， Romans howled. Maxxi， whose style presents a whole other set of problems has fared much better in terms of public approval， attracting some 74.000 visitors in its first month and accelerating talk by leaders like Mr. Aleman no about Rome in the 2lst century.?

But it's one thing for politicians to support a new headline-grabbing museum， The art crowd rolls into town bestows its blessing， then rolls out. It’s another to take on greater challenges like immigration， transportation and sprawl. Even culture：a nation whose identity and fiscal survival rests on it now devotes 0.2l percent of its state budget， which is about one-fifth of the percentage that France devotes， to theater， film， exhibitions， music and museums， not to mention the upkeep of all those thousands of historical sites for which there is still no master conservation plan .

?And there's nothing close to a thought-out approach to shaping this city's new ident ty， either， just a burst of mixed architecture creating facts on the ground and a fresh hunger for something better. The problems facing Rome are not going to be solved by a few big stars designing buildings but by a larger effort to rethink a city that has swiftly grown to 3.7 million inhabitants， almost all of them outside the historic center， where its past is crumbling.?

42.Paragraph l implies that?

A. the ruins of old houses ill-matched the modern Rom?

B.ancient buildings in Rome had difficulty surviving?

C.archaeologists wamed people not to destroy Rome?

D.another round of natural disasters threatened Rome?

43 According to the context， “the smart set”(hold faced in Paragraph 2) refers to?

A.the planners and architects?

B.the weary archaeologists?

C.the mayor and his officials?

D.the visitors to the museums?

44 What is Richard Burdett attitude towards a new creative identity for Rome??

A.Strongly supportive?

B.Barely con concemed?

C.Somewhat doubtful?

D.Completely opposed.?

45. According to the passage， the Roman politicians?

A.have yet to decide whether to keep up the historical sites?

B.have given first priority to immigration and transportation?

C.have favored museum-building more than anything else?

D.have yet to produce a right scheme to build a new Rome?

46 The last paragraph suggests that?

A.Rome's problems need abroad perspective to solve?

B.the 3.7 million inhabitants hope to live in the central Rome?

C.mixed architecture is important for building a new Rome?

D.big designers deem themselves as most valuable to Rome?

47 . What might be the best title of the passage?

Rome was not Built in One Day

B.As Rome Modernizes， Its Past Crumbles?

C.Contemporary Arts Bail Rome Out?

D.Rome's Past Shadows Its Present.?

Passage Three?

There are few habits as infuriating as someone making us wait. But， despite what maybe running through your mind as you're kept waiting again， it's unlikely your friends and colleagues are just being selfish look into the psychology of lateness offers a glimpse into a mind that maybe malfunctioning. But there's also more than one fix.?

Perceptions of un punctual people are almost always negative---even if misguided.

“It is easy to perceive them as disorganised， chaotic， rude and lacking in consideration for others， ”says Harriet Mellotte， a cognitive e behavioral therapist and a clinical psycho log it in training in London. “Outside of my clinical practice， others being late is something that can particularly get under my skin!”?

But， many late people are at least somewhat organised and want to keep friends， family and bosses happy. The punctually-challenged are often excruciatingly aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships， reputations， careers and finances.?

“While there are those who get a charge out of keeping others waiting， if you’re typical， you dislike being late， ”Diana DeLonzor z or writes in her book Never Be Late Again. “Yet tardiness remains your nemesis.”?

Some excuses， particularly for acute lateness， are fairly universally accepted---an accident or illness， for example. But others aren’t so easy to swallow. Some late people will pass it off as a symptom of being big-thinking and concerned with loftier matters than time-keeping， as an endearing quirk， a mark of doing one's best work under pressure， or having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark?

Joanna， a teacher in London who didn't want her sumame used， says her reputation for being unpunctual can sometimes be attributed to a difference in opinion. “A friend will ask me to come over， and they'll say ‘come any time from seven， ”she says. “But if I do turn up at eight cr later， they're annoyed.”?

Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics such as optimism， low levels of self-control， anxiety， or a penchant for thrill-sec king experts say. Personality differences could also dictate how we experience the passing of time?

48. . The word“infuriating”in Paragraph 1 most probably means?

A.annoying?

B exciting?

C.surprising?

D.terrifying?

49. Which one of the following is NOT true about nupur ctual people??

A.They are selfish.?

B.They are undesirable?

C.They are unfriendly?

D.They suffer from some mental illness?

50.According to Harriet Mellott e， un punctual people who are no this patients?

A.make him understand them better?

B.irritate him very much?

C.offer him a different perspective about lateness?

D.are likely to be successful in their careers?

51. According to Diana DeLonzor， unpunctual people?

A.feel ashamed of being late?

B.find it hard to change their habit of being late?

C.may get pleasure by keeping others wai?

D.do not expect others to be punctual?

52. Which of the following excuses for being late is LESS acceptable??

A.Doing work more efficiently under pressure?

B.Claiming oneself to be a morning person?

C.Explaining that he/she cats slowly

D.Having an accident?

53. What does the author think of consistent un punctuality??

A.It is understandable?

B.It is timewasting.?

C.It damages friendship?

D.It deserves our sympathy?

Passage Four?

The country in which I live has laws forbidding discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity， religion， sexuality or sex. We've come a long way since the days when the reverse was true---when homosexuality was illegal， for instance， or when women were barred from voting. But this doesn't mean that prejudice is over， of course Nowadays we need to be a sconce med about subtler strains of prejudice as the kind of loud-mouthed racism and sexism that makes us ashamed of the past.?

Subtle prejudice is the domain of unjustified assumptions， dog-whistles， and plain failure to make the effort to include people who are different from ourselves， or who don't fit our expectations. One word for the expressions of subtle prejudice is “microaggression”. These are things such as repenting thoughtless stereotype， or too readily dismissing someone's viewpoint---actions that may seem unworthy of comment， but can nevertheless marginalise an individual .

The people perpetrating these micro aggressions maybe completely unaware that they hold a prejudiced view Psychologists distinguish between our explicit attitudes---which are the beliefs and feelings we'll admit to---and our implicit attitudes---which are our beliefs and feelings which are revealed by our actions. So， for example， you might say that you are not as exist， you might even say that you arc anti-sexist， but if you interrupt women more than men in meetings you would be displaying as exist implicit attitude---one which is very different from that nonsexist explicit attitude you profess .

The thing about subtle prejudice is that it is by definition subtle---lots of small differences in how people are treated， small asides， little jibes， ambiguous differences in how we treat one person compared to another. This makes it hard to measure， and hard to address， and---for some people---hard to take seriously .

This is the skeptical line of thought：when people complain about being treated differently in small ways they are being overly sensitive， trying to lay claim to a culture of victimhood. Small differences are just that---small .

Now you will have your own intuitions about that view， but my interest is in how you could test the idea that a thousand small cuts do add up. A classic experiment on the way race affects sour interactions shows not only the myriad ways in which race can affect how we treat people， but shows in a clever way that even the most privileged of us would suffer if we were all subjected to subtle discrimination?

54. The first paragraph implied that prejudices?

A.have vanished?

B.have been implicit?

C.have been noticeable?

D.have been understandable?

55. “marginalise an individual"in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.forcing some on c to work?

B.stopping offending someone?

C.firing someone from workplace?

D.stopping associating with someone?

56. Someone would deny his true feelings and beliefs but?

A.his attitude could be hidden in his deed?

B.his prejudice might be conveyed consciously?

C.his prejudice might be displayed when talking to women?

D.his viewpoint could be revealed from his aggression towards others?

57. In Paragraph 4， the author implies that subtle prejudice?

A.tends to be neglected?

B.causes a lot of argument?

C.is sure to be scoffed at

D.makes people compete with each other?

58. According to Paragraph 5， sufferers of subtle di crimination?

A.should get more attention?

B.fall victim to their culture?

C.exaggerate their sufferings?

D.have the right to complain?

59. In the last paragraph， the author stresses that?

A.racial discrimination is clearly proved?

B.subtle discrimination inflicts serious damage?

C.people with high status get more protection?

D.people do not know how to test subtle discrimination?

Passage Five?

Remember the concept of“sisterhood"?That quaint relic of an idea that women owed it to other women to crash through ceilings and navigate a male world? It just might be taking new root in a most unexpected place-- among women with money. There are more women controlling more wealth in the U.S.than ever before. And unlike the women who preceded them---old-school patrons who gave to the museum and the symphony and their dead husbands ‘a(chǎn)lma maters---these givers are more likely to use their wealth deliberately and systematically to aid women in need.

To appreciate the magnitude of this change， goback150years or so to the women's struggle for the right to vote， or the suffrage movement. Back to the time when one of its leaders， Matilda Joslyn Gage， lamented：“We have yet to hear of a woman of wealth who has left anything for helping her sex get the vote. Almost every daily paper heralds the fact of some large bequest to colleges， churches and char ties by rich women， but it is well-known that they never remember the woman suffrage movement that underlies in importance all others.”?

Today， globally， more than 145 funds， with assets of nearly half a billion dollars， exist to improve the lives of women and girls. Many focus their efforts domestically； about a third work intemationally. Not one existed in 1972 when the Ms. Foundation， the first national fund for and by women， was established. Collectively they now form the Women's Funding Network and have plans to increase their joint coffers by another billion dollars by 2018， in concert with a drive called Women Moving Millions， which aims to encourage individuals， mostly women， to donate $ 1 million or more.?

Women Moving Millions began with the literal sisterhood of Helen Ta Kelly Hunt and Suwanee Hunt Daughters of the legendary oilman H.L.Hunt， they were raised “l(fā)ike Southern belles， ”Helen says---taught that mon cy was something a woman “shouldn't worry her pretty little head about As adults they discovered the power of philanthropy， and about three years ago Swanee called Helen with an offer. “She said she was going to leave me a lot of mon cy in her will， ”Helen says， “but I might dic first and ruin the surprisc， so why doesn’t she give it to me now?"Swanee's $ 6 million， and $ 4 million more from Helen， became the initial pledges to the campaign .

60.In the past， women needed“sisterhood”to?

A.be more competitive in a male world?

B.help free each other from home burdens?

C.become as wealthy as the majority males?

D.make a living in the male-dominated world?

61. The big change in the US mentioned in the passage is that?

A.more rich women are aiding their poorer sisters?

B.more rich women are stopping donating money to schools?

C.more females have won the right to vote in national elections?

D.more females have contributed money to museums and symphonies?

62. According to Matilda Joslyn Gage， the rich women failed to?

A.think about the wellbeing of their unfortunate sisters?

B.make investments in any exclusive women's projects?

C.realize what was crucial in helping those needy women?

D.recognize that political rights are more vital than their families?

63. Paragraph 3 mainly tells about

A.the individual females el torts for raising their own status?

B.the future plans of the Women's Funding Network?

C.the organized groups ‘systematic supports to women?

D.the funds used for improving the lives of women?

64 Women Moving Millions is?

A.a rich women's society?

B.a pro-women foundation?

C.a funds-raising campaign?

D.a women's funding network?

65 What can we lea mn about Helen and Swanee??

A.They made a large fortune from the campaign?

B.They kept their promise to donate S10milon?

C.They helped Women Moving Millions get going.?

D.They left each other mi ions of dollars in the will

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