英文科技論文寫作樣式指南-數(shù)學概念

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本文英文內(nèi)容摘自

"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"

第二部分（Part 2. Style Guidelines）

第11章（11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure）

第210–211頁

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Mathematical Concepts

數(shù)學概念

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VARIABLE

變量

A ? variable is a quantity that changes in value, substance, or amount, such as V for volume, m for mass, and t for ? time.

變量是一個值、物質(zhì)或量發(fā)生變化的量，例如體積V，質(zhì)量m和時間t。

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CONSTANT

常量

A ? constant is a quantity that has a fixed value, such as h for the Planck constant and F ? for the Faraday constant.

常數(shù)是一個具有固定值的量，例如普朗克常數(shù)h和法拉第常數(shù)F。

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FONCTION

函數(shù)

The ? function f(x) = y represents a rule that assigns a unique value of y to every ? x. The argument of the function is x.

函數(shù)f(x) = y表示一個規(guī)則，該規(guī)則為每個x分配一個唯一的y值。函數(shù)的參數(shù)是x。

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OPERATOR

運算符

An ? operator is a symbol, such as a function (d, derivative; ln, natural ? logarithm; and ?, the Hamiltonian operator) or an arithmetic sign (+, –, =, ? ÷, and ×), denoting an operation to be performed.

運算符是一個符號，例如函數(shù)（d，導數(shù)；ln，自然對數(shù)以及?，哈密爾頓算符）或算術(shù)符號（+、–、=、÷和×），表示要執(zhí)行的運算。

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PHYSICAL ? QUANTITY

物理量

A ? physical quantity is a product of a numerical value (a pure number) and a ? unit. Physical quantities may be scalars or vectors, variables or constants.

物理量是一個數(shù)值（一個純數(shù)字）和一個單位的乘積。物理量可以是標量或向量、變量或常數(shù)。

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SCALAR

標量

A ? scalar is an ordinary number without direction, such as length, temperature, ? or mass. Any quantity that is not a vector quantity is a scalar quantity.

標量是一個沒有方向的常數(shù)值，例如長度、溫度或質(zhì)量。任何不是向量的量都是標量。

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VECTOR

向量

A ? vector is a quantity with both magnitude and direction, such as force or ? velocity. For the vector V = [a, b] ? (also denoted as ?= [a, ? b]), a and b are the components of ? the vector.

向量是一個同時具有大小和方向的量，例如力或速度。對于向量V = [a, b]（亦可表示為?= [a, ? b]），a和b是該向量的分量。

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TENSOR

張量

A ? tensor represents a generalized vector with more than two components.

張量表示具有兩個以上分量的廣義向量。

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MATRIX

矩陣

A ? matrix is represented by a rectangular array of elements; an array consists ? of rows and columns. The elements of matrix U are u11, u12, etc.

矩陣由元素的矩形陣列表示；陣列由行和列組成。矩陣U的元素是u11、u12等。

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DETERMINANT

行列式

The ? determinant of a matrix is a function that assigns a number to a matrix. For ? example, the determinant of the n × ? n matrix B is represented by

矩陣的行列式是為矩陣賦值的函數(shù)。例如，n × n矩陣B的行列式表示為

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INDEX

指數(shù)

An ? index is a subscript or superscript character in an element of a matrix, ? vector, or tensor; indices usually represent numbers. For example, i and j are indices in bij.

指數(shù)是矩陣元素、向量或張量中的下標或上標字符；指數(shù)通常代表數(shù)字。例如，i和j是bij中的指數(shù)。

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Do ? not confuse abbreviations and mathematical symbols. An abbreviation is ? usually two or more letters; a mathematical symbol is generally only one ? letter, possibly with a subscript or superscript. An abbreviation is used in ? narrative text but seldom appears in equations; a mathematical symbol is ? preferred in equations and may also be used in text. For example, in text ? with no equations, PE for potential energy is acceptable, but in mathematical ? text and equations, Ep is preferred.

切勿混淆縮寫和數(shù)學符號?？s寫通常是兩個或多個字母；數(shù)學符號通常只有一個字母，可能帶有下標或上標?？s寫在敘述性文本中使用，但很少出現(xiàn)在方程式中；數(shù)學符號在等式中是優(yōu)選的，并且也可以在文本中使用。例如，在沒有方程的文本中，PE表示勢能是可以接受的，但在數(shù)學文本和方程中，首選Ep。

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