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經(jīng)濟學人精讀筆記 | 頻上熱搜的張雪峰,居高不下的青年失業(yè)率

2023-06-29 20:01 作者:CATTI一級翻譯小姐姐  | 我要投稿

公眾號:自由翻譯日記

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高考落下帷幕,最近一個人名頻頻上熱搜,他就是志愿規(guī)劃師張雪峰。圍繞張雪峰有關(guān)“報新聞專業(yè)打斷腿”的言論,大家也紛紛展開討論。有人認為他的言論過于偏激,也有不少人認為他是站在務實的角度給許多普通家庭的學子“避坑”。




The jury is still out. 不管怎樣,張雪峰的言論之所以能夠“一石激起千層浪”,歸根結(jié)底還是因為大家對眼下的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境和就業(yè)形勢缺乏信心。國家統(tǒng)計局發(fā)布全國城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率顯示,今年4月,我國16~24歲的年輕人失業(yè)率為20.4%。同時,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大廠此起彼伏開啟裁員潮。

本月,《經(jīng)濟學人》也將目光投向了中國青年失業(yè)率的問題。未來幾天,我們將拆解這篇文章。

開篇聲明:本文原文及譯文取自《經(jīng)濟學人商論》,筆記及講解文字由譯群人團隊原創(chuàng),非商業(yè)用途。


標題和導語部分是這樣的:

The job search goes on 繼續(xù)求職

China’s young want to work. For the government 中國年輕人想要工作。為政府工作

Youth unemployment is now?shockingly high當前青年失業(yè)率高得嚇人

Shockingly high,高得嚇人。我們曾經(jīng)總結(jié)過一些位置比較靈活的副詞的翻譯方法:

  • 如果副詞在句中作插入語,試著前置。比如:

Telecommunications means,?simply, communication from a distance.簡單說來,電訊就是遠距離通訊。

  • 如果英文的副詞在漢語中找不到對等的副詞,可以試著轉(zhuǎn)換詞性。比如:

They have not done so well?ideologically.他們沒有做好思想工作。

The attractive force between the molecules is?negilibly?small.分子間的吸引力可以小到忽略不計。

  • 翻譯成“在……上”、“在……方面”,比如:

What he asserts is only?theoretically?true.他的提法只是在理論上能成立。

  • 分句法,將副詞翻譯成一小句話

The Chinese seemed?justifiably?proud of their economic achievements.中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟上取得的成就而自豪,這是合乎情理的。

此處的shockingly high就是上述第2種情況。


來看第一段:

CHINA IS?A land of?remarkable statistics. But an official figure published on May 16th still managed to stand out. The unemployment rate among China’s urban youth, aged between 16 and 24, exceeded one in five in April.

中國向來不缺吸睛的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。但5月16日公布的一個官方數(shù)字還是格外引人注目:4月,中國16至24歲的城鎮(zhèn)青年失業(yè)率超過20%。

如果要做回譯,第一句“中國向來不缺吸睛的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)”,大家會怎么翻譯呢?

China has never been short of eye-catching statistics.

在看到原文之后,我們可以積累一個寫作詞組be a land of sth.用來強調(diào)某個地方具有某種特征或特質(zhì)。比如,寫某地風景秀美:... is?a land of?breathtaking natural beauty.

寫某個地方既保留了文化傳統(tǒng)又勇于創(chuàng)新:... is?a land of?ancient traditions and modern innovations.



第一段比較簡短,再看第二段:

The figure boggles the mind for a variety of reasons.?China is running short of young people. It is trying, without much success, to raise the birth rate. Its economic future?hangs on?increased education, which could improve the quality of its workers even as their quantity declines. China is also famous for mobilising resources, including manpower. Yet it is wasting large numbers of the best-educated?cohort?it has ever produced.

這個數(shù)字令人詫異,原因是多方面的。在中國,年輕人口開始短缺。政府在努力提高出生率,但成效不大。中國經(jīng)濟的未來有賴于人口受教育程度的提高,這樣可以提升勞動力的素質(zhì),以彌補數(shù)量的下降。中國也非常擅于調(diào)配人力等資源。然而,它正在浪費大批它有史以來受到最好教育的人群。

“吸睛”這個詞,在這兩段中出現(xiàn)了很多個選項,比如第一段的remarkable, 動詞詞組stand out。第二段第一句用了boggle the mind

來,再積累一個寫作詞組:sth. boggles the mind,表示if sth boggles the mind or the mind boggles at it, it is so unusual that people find it hard to imagine or accept 使人無法想象;使人難以接受,也可以寫成完整句the mind boggles,相當于that’s unbelievable.

來兩個例句:The vastness of space reallyboggles the mind. 太空之遼闊的確使人難以想象?!瓾e says he's married to his cats!’ ‘The mind boggles!’ “他說他和他的那些貓結(jié)婚了!”“難以置信!”

和這個動詞詞組相關(guān)的是mind-boggling形容詞,比如:a problem ofmind-bogglingcomplexity復雜得難以想象的問題

我們之前給金融方向相關(guān)客戶翻譯稿子的時候,經(jīng)常會遇到有關(guān)回報率很高的表述,就會用到mind-boggling。比如加密貨幣,最開始華爾街那些投資機構(gòu)是看不上加密貨幣的,但是近幾年隨著一些加密貨幣價格一路走高,華爾街也開始關(guān)注加密圈了,我們就會寫:Even many once-skeptical institutional investors have come around after seeing some ofthe mind-boggling returns.

同時,這段話的第一句話也給我們提供了議論文的模范結(jié)構(gòu)。開篇先列舉數(shù)據(jù)。然后說這個數(shù)據(jù)在意料之外,卻也在情理之中,是有幾個原因的:The figure boggles the mind for a variety of reasons.然后開始列舉原因To begin with... Secondly... blabla

Source: Getty Images

Hang on取決于,結(jié)合下面例句直接記吧:Much?hangs on?the success of the collaboration between the Group of Seven governments and Brazil.很多事情都取決于七國政府集團與巴西之間合作的成功。再來一個經(jīng)濟學人里的句子:

And yet cities are stronger and more resilient than they seem. As with so much else, the fate of cities?hangs on?the development of treatments and vaccines.然而,城市比它們表面上看起來那樣更強大、更有韌性,和很多其它事情一樣,城市的命運取決于治療方案和疫苗的進展。

回頭可以用hang on替換be determined by/depend on。

cohort這個詞有點難理解。cohort指的是一群具有共同特征或共同經(jīng)歷的人。通常情況下,cohort用來指代同一年份或同一時期出生的人群。在這個上下文中,它指的是中國所產(chǎn)生的受教育水平最高的人群。英文解釋是:a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour (有共同特點或舉止類同的)一群人,一批人,比如

the 1999 birth?cohort?的意思就是 all those born in 1999,1999年出生的同齡人口。

現(xiàn)學現(xiàn)用一下,比如今年畢業(yè)的大學生是史上規(guī)模最大的一屆,我們可以說:The cohort of students?graduating this year is the largest in China’s history.

下面是第三段

Youth unemployment is puzzling,?as well as?surprising. It has increased even as China’s economy has reopened after the sudden end of its zero-covid regime in December. It has jumped up while the overall unemployment rate has?edged?downwards (from 6.1% in April 2022 to 5.2% a year later). And it is likely to rise further in the next few months. This year, a record 11.6m students will graduate from university, an increase of almost 40% since 2019. They include Wang Lili, who will leave one of China’s top-100 universities this year with a degree in management. “The market is terrible,” she laments. “Many graduates are very anxious.”

青年失業(yè)率如此之高,令人驚訝也令人費解。中國在去年12月突然結(jié)束新冠清零政策,全面重啟經(jīng)濟,但在這樣的背景下,青年失業(yè)率竟然上升了。在整體失業(yè)率略微下降(從2022年4月的6.1%下降至一年后的5.2%)的同時,青年失業(yè)率卻躍升,而且很可能還會在接下來幾個月進一步上升。今年大學應屆畢業(yè)生人數(shù)將達到創(chuàng)紀錄的1160萬,比2019年增加近40%。管理學專業(yè)的王麗麗(音譯)就是其中一員,她今年將從一所排名中國前100位的大學畢業(yè)?!熬蜆I(yè)市場很糟糕,”她哀嘆,“許多畢業(yè)生都非常焦慮?!?/p>

我們之前提到過,as well as很多時候并不能完全等同于and,而是類似于not only but also的含義。不同的是,not only A but also B強調(diào)的是B,而A as well as B強調(diào)的是A。所以,puzzling as well as surprising更好的理解是,不但令人驚訝,也令人費解,側(cè)重puzzling。

edge表示to increase or decrease slightly 略為增加(或減少)Prices?edged up?2% in the year to December. 到12月為止的年度價格上漲了2%。

從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,這段話側(cè)重闡述了青年失業(yè)率是怎么個puzzling:

首先,清零政策結(jié)束之后,社會秩序恢復正常,按理青年失業(yè)率應該是有所下降的,但是it has increased?even as...

其次,整體失業(yè)率下降了,是不是也能帶動青年失業(yè)率下降呢?燃鵝并沒有:it has jumped up?while...

雪上加霜的是,青年失業(yè)率還會升高:it is likely to rise?further...為什么呢?看數(shù)據(jù),a record 11.6m students will graduate from university,是什么概念?An increase of almost 40% since 2019.

注意這幾句話的層層遞進,while, even as的用法,以及列舉數(shù)據(jù)對觀點論據(jù)的加持。

來到第四段:The number of unemployed youth (about 6.3m in the first three months of this year) is small relative to China’s 486m-strong?urban workforce. But they attract most of the attention, points out Xiangrong Yu of Citigroup, a bank, and his colleagues. The anxiety and disappointment felt by college students—and?spread through social media—could “affect the confidence of the entire society”, write Zhuo Xian and his co-authors at the Development Research Centre (DRC), a government think-tank.

相對于中國4.86億的城鎮(zhèn)勞動人口,失業(yè)青年的數(shù)量(在今年前三個月約為630萬)并不算多。但是,花旗銀行的余向榮及其同事指出,這個人群備受關(guān)注。大學生感到焦慮和失望,這種情緒通過社交媒體傳播,可能會“影響整個社會的信心”,政府智庫國務院發(fā)展研究中心的卓賢及合著者在一篇文章中寫道。

第一句中值得強調(diào)的是strong的用法,表示of a specified number,用于描述數(shù)量或強調(diào)規(guī)模。比如an army ten thousand?strong強調(diào)的是軍隊的規(guī)模之大。486m-strong urban workforce強調(diào)的是勞動人口數(shù)量之多。

大學生對就業(yè)的焦慮情緒會通過社交媒體傳播spread through social media, 進而affect the confidence of the entire society。這種感覺有點像ripple effectchain reaction

a situation in which an event or action has an effect on sth, which then has an effect on sth else 連鎖反應

其他可以表示這種“連鎖反應”的詞還有比如domino effect, knock-on effect。動詞可以搭配set off,引發(fā)連鎖效應。比如紐約時報的這個句子:

The fast-spreading coronavirus and a plunge in oil prices?set off a chain reaction?in financial markets on Monday, a?self-perpetuating?downward cycle that could inflict serious harm on the global economy.周一,冠狀病毒的迅速傳播和油價的暴跌引發(fā)了金融市場的連鎖反應,形成了一個不斷探底的下行周期,可能對全球經(jīng)濟造成嚴重損害。

再順嘴一提這個例句中的self-perpetuating,復合詞self-詞綴表示 of, to or by yourself or itself 自身的;對自身;由自身,構(gòu)成名詞和形容詞perpetuate:[ VN] ( formal ) to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time 使永久化;使持久化;使持續(xù)這兩個拼在一起,self-perpetuating,自己不斷持續(xù)的一個狀態(tài)。再結(jié)合后面的downward cycle,就是不斷跌落,不斷探底,你以為到底部了,要觸底反彈了,燃鵝并沒有,跌不停。

本專題未完待續(xù)。

公眾號:自由翻譯日記

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經(jīng)濟學人精讀筆記 | 頻上熱搜的張雪峰,居高不下的青年失業(yè)率的評論 (共 條)

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