You've all been in a bar, right?

大家都去過(guò)酒吧，對(duì)吧？

But have you ever gone to a bar and come out with a $200 million business?

但你們有沒(méi)有去了酒吧，然后帶著兩億美金的生意出來(lái)了？

That's what happened to us about 10 years ago. We'd had a terrible day.

這就是十年前發(fā)生在我們身上的故事。那天我們過(guò)得特別糟糕。

We had this huge client that was killing us. We're a software consulting firm,

有個(gè)極其難搞的大客戶。我們是個(gè)軟件咨詢公司，

and we couldn't find a very specific programming skill to help this client deploy a cutting-edge cloud system.

卻找不到一個(gè)具體的編程技術(shù)來(lái)幫這位客戶配置一款新研發(fā)的云系統(tǒng)。

We have a bunch of engineers, but none of them could please this client. And we were about to be fired.

我們有一大幫工程師，但誰(shuí)都沒(méi)辦法讓客戶滿意。我們眼看就要被解雇了。

So we go out to the bar, and we're hanging out with our bartender friend Jeff, and he's doing what all good bartenders do:

于是就去了趟酒吧，和酒保朋友杰夫閑聊，他挺有職業(yè)操守：

he's commiserating with us, making us feel better, relating to our pain, saying,

一直在寬慰我們，想讓我們心里好受些，針對(duì)我們的煩惱，

"Hey, these guys are overblowing it. Don't worry about it."

他說(shuō)：“哎呀，這幾位想得太多了。別那么擔(dān)心?！?/p>

And finally, he deadpans us and says, "Why don't you send me in there? I can figure it out."

最后，他輕描淡寫地說(shuō)：“你要不讓我試試？我能解決。”

So the next morning, we're hanging out in our team meeting, and we're all a little hazy ...

第二天早上，我們團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)了個(gè)會(huì)，大家還都暈乎乎的...

and I half-jokingly throw it out there. I say, "Hey, I mean, we're about to be fired."

然后我半開(kāi)玩笑地說(shuō)，“反正我們都要被炒魷魚(yú)了?！?/p>

So I say, "Why don't we send in Jeff, the bartender?"

我就說(shuō)，“那要不就把杰夫，那調(diào)酒師請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)吧?！?/p>

And there's some silence, some quizzical looks. Finally, my chief of staff says, "That is a great idea.

會(huì)議室出現(xiàn)了令人尷尬的沉默，也有些人一臉茫然。終于，我們的人事主管說(shuō)，“這真是個(gè)好主意。

"Jeff is wicked smart. He's brilliant. He'll figure it out. Let's send him in there."

杰夫特機(jī)靈，他棒極了，他會(huì)想出法子的，請(qǐng)他來(lái)試試吧。"

Now, Jeff was not a programmer. In fact, he had dropped out of Penn as a philosophy major.

不過(guò)話說(shuō)，杰夫可不是個(gè)程序員。事實(shí)上，他從賓州大學(xué)輟學(xué)時(shí)主修的是哲學(xué)。

But he was brilliant, and he could go deep on topics, and we were about to be fired.

不過(guò)他的確很有卓見(jiàn)，可以聊一些非常深的話題更何況我們都要被解雇了。

So we sent him in. After a couple days of suspense, Jeff was still there.

于是我們就把他請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)了。過(guò)了讓人提心吊膽的幾天，杰夫依然在我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)里。

They hadn't sent him home. I couldn't believe it. What was he doing?

對(duì)方竟然沒(méi)讓他走。我完全不敢相信。他在干什么？

Here's what I learned. He had completely disarmed their fixation on the programming skill.

我了解到的是：他完全消除了客戶對(duì)編程技術(shù)的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。

And he had changed the conversation, even changing what we were building.

并且轉(zhuǎn)移了話題，甚至改變了我們的產(chǎn)品目標(biāo)。

The conversation was now about what we were going to build and why.

現(xiàn)在的話題成了“我們要做什么，以及為什么這樣做”。

And yes, Jeff figured out how to program the solution, and the client became one of our best references.

是的，杰夫找到了解決方案，并且這位客戶也成了我們后來(lái)最佳的參考案例之一。

Back then, we were 200 people, and half of our company was made up of computer science majors or engineers,

那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們團(tuán)隊(duì)一共有兩百人，公司一半的員工都是計(jì)算機(jī)背景的畢業(yè)生或工程師，

but our experience with Jeff left us wondering: Could we repeat this through our business?

但自從有了和杰夫的那次經(jīng)歷，我們就在想：“我們能在商業(yè)上重復(fù)這樣的模式嗎？”

So we changed the way we recruited and trained.

于是我們改變了以前的招聘和培訓(xùn)方法。

And while we still sought after computer engineers and computer science majors,

雖然我們依然需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的專業(yè)人員和工程師，

we sprinkled in artists, musicians, writers ... and Jeff's story started to multiply itself throughout our company.

我們還加進(jìn)了一些藝術(shù)家、音樂(lè)家、作家...杰夫的故事也在我們公司里傳開(kāi)了。

Our chief technology officer is an English major, and he was a bike messenger in Manhattan.

我們的首席技術(shù)官是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的，他在曼哈頓的時(shí)候還當(dāng)過(guò)自行車送貨員。

And today, we're a thousand people, yet still less than a hundred have degrees in computer science or engineering.

如今，我們一共有一千人，然而只有不到一百個(gè)人有計(jì)算機(jī)方面的專業(yè)背景。

And yes, we're still a computer consulting firm. We're the number one player in our market.

但我們依然是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)咨詢公司。我們是市場(chǎng)里的領(lǐng)頭企業(yè)。

We work with the fastest-growing software package to ever reach 10 billion dollars in annual sales. So it's working.

我們的軟件產(chǎn)品業(yè)務(wù)飛速發(fā)展，年銷售額達(dá)到了100億美元。新模式效果顯著。

Meanwhile, the push for STEM-based education in this country -- science, technology, engineering, mathematics -- is fierce.

同時(shí)，我國(guó)對(duì)理工科背景的教育--科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程、數(shù)學(xué)--非常重視，也在極力推廣。

It's in all of our faces. And this is a colossal mistake.

現(xiàn)狀就擺在我們面前。然而這是個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤。

Since 2009, STEM majors in the United States have increased by 43 percent, while the humanities have stayed flat.

自2009年起，在美國(guó)，具有理工科背景的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了43%，然而人文領(lǐng)域卻幾乎停滯不前。

Our past president dedicated over a billion dollars towards STEM education at the expense of other subjects,

我們的前任總統(tǒng)，從其他項(xiàng)目中抽出資金，向理工科領(lǐng)域投了十億美金，

and our current president recently redirected 200 million dollars of Department of Education funding into computer science.

而我們的現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)，最近從教育部門調(diào)了兩億美金的資金，投入計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。

And CEOs are continually complaining about an engineering-starved workforce.

許多公司的大佬們不停地抱怨勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)急缺工科背景的勞動(dòng)力。

These campaigns, coupled with the undeniable success of the tech economy

這些動(dòng)作都與科技界不可否認(rèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成果有關(guān)。

I mean, let's face it, seven out of the 10 most valuable companies in the world by market cap are technology firms

我們得面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，全球十強(qiáng)的企業(yè)中，有七個(gè)都是科技企業(yè)，

these things create an assumption that the path of our future workforce will be dominated by STEM.

這一件件的事導(dǎo)致了一種假想：我們未來(lái)的勞動(dòng)人口將被理工科所占領(lǐng)。

I get it. On paper, it makes sense. It's tempting. But it's totally overblown.

我懂。在字面上的確是這么一回事，這很有誘惑力。但一切都是被夸大的。

It's like, the entire soccer team chases the ball into the corner, because that's where the ball is.

就好比，一整個(gè)球隊(duì)的人都擠到一個(gè)角落，僅僅因?yàn)榍虮惶叩搅四莾骸?/p>

We shouldn't overvalue STEM. We shouldn't value the sciences any more than we value the humanities.

我們不該高估理工科。我們不該認(rèn)為科技高于人文。

And there are a couple of reasons.

下面就是一些原因。

Number one, today's technologies are incredibly intuitive.

第一，現(xiàn)今的科技都十分直接明了。

The reason we've been able to recruit from all disciplines and swivel into specialized skills

我們能從各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都招募到員工并且轉(zhuǎn)向特殊技能的原因，

is because modern systems can be manipulated without writing code.

就是當(dāng)下的系統(tǒng)可以在不需要編程的情況下搭建起來(lái)。

They're like LEGO: easy to put together, easy to learn, even easy to program,

他們就像積木：易搭、易學(xué)，

given the vast amounts of information that are available for learning. Yes, our workforce needs specialized skill,

甚至在如今大量的知識(shí)已經(jīng)觸手可及的情況下，編程也更容易了。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我們的勞動(dòng)人口是需要專門的技術(shù)，

but that skill requires a far less rigorous and formalized education than it did in the past.

但是這樣的技術(shù)不再需要以往那樣嚴(yán)格且形式化的教育。

Number two, the skills that are imperative and differentiated in a world with intuitive technology

第二，那些在科技世界里被迫切需要和細(xì)分過(guò)的技術(shù)，

are the skills that help us to work together as humans, where the hard work is envisioning the end product and its usefulness,

其實(shí)是幫助人類團(tuán)結(jié)合作的技術(shù)，辛苦的勞作可以映射出最后的產(chǎn)品以及它的實(shí)用性，

which requires real-world experience and judgment and historical context.

然而這些都需要真實(shí)世界的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、判斷力以及歷史基礎(chǔ)。

What Jeff's story taught us is that the customer was focused on the wrong thing.

杰夫的故事告訴我們的是：客戶們把關(guān)注點(diǎn)放錯(cuò)了地方。

It's the classic case: the technologist struggling to communicate with the business and the end user,

這是非常經(jīng)典的情況：科技人員與客戶和公司之間溝通的障礙，

and the business failing to articulate their needs. I see it every day.

導(dǎo)致公司無(wú)法滿足客戶需求，最終走向倒閉。我每天都看著這種事情發(fā)生。

We are scratching the surface in our ability as humans to communicate and invent together,

我們?cè)谌穗H溝通和協(xié)作創(chuàng)新方面的能力，還停留在膚淺的表面，

and while the sciences teach us how to build things, it's the humanities that teach us what to build and why to build them.

即使自然科學(xué)教會(huì)了我們?nèi)绾蝿?chuàng)造事物，卻是人文告訴了我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造什么以及為什么而創(chuàng)造。

And they're equally as important, and they're just as hard.

這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域缺一不可，但卻很難彼此融合。

It irks me ... when I hear people treat the humanities as a lesser path, as the easier path. Come on!

我對(duì)此很擔(dān)憂，特別是當(dāng)一些人把人文當(dāng)做一條門檻較低、較簡(jiǎn)單的道路。清醒點(diǎn)兒吧！

The humanities give us the context of our world. They teach us how to think critically.

人文讓我們能夠了解這個(gè)世界的來(lái)龍去脈，給予了我們做批判性思考的能力。

They are purposely unstructured, while the sciences are purposely structured.

它是無(wú)意構(gòu)造出來(lái)的，然而自然科學(xué)是有意構(gòu)造出來(lái)的。

They teach us to persuade, they give us our language, which we use to convert our emotions to thought and action.

它給予了我們說(shuō)服別人的能力，以及我們的語(yǔ)言工具，來(lái)幫我們把情緒轉(zhuǎn)換成思想和行動(dòng)。

And they need to be on equal footing with the sciences.

它必須和自然科學(xué)一樣被同等對(duì)待。

And yes, you can hire a bunch of artists and build a tech company and have an incredible outcome.

沒(méi)錯(cuò)，你可以招聘一大幫藝術(shù)家，來(lái)創(chuàng)立一家科技企業(yè)，然后日進(jìn)斗金。

Now, I'm not here today to tell you that STEM's bad. I'm not here today to tell you that girls shouldn't code. Please.

當(dāng)然，我并不是來(lái)這兒告訴你理工科弊大于利，也不是來(lái)宣傳女孩子不應(yīng)該學(xué)編程的。千萬(wàn)別誤會(huì)。

And that next bridge I drive over or that next elevator we all jump into -- let's make sure there's an engineer behind it.

我開(kāi)車要經(jīng)過(guò)的下一個(gè)高架橋，或是要踏入的下一個(gè)電梯--我們一定要確保背后是有個(gè)工程師在負(fù)責(zé)的。

But to fall into this paranoia that our future jobs will be dominated by STEM, that's just folly.

但陷入這樣一種執(zhí)念，即相信未來(lái)的工作將被理工科勞動(dòng)力所代替，是十分愚蠢的。

If you have friends or kids or relatives or grandchildren or nieces or nephews ... encourage them to be whatever they want to be.

如果你有朋友、孩子、親戚、孫輩、侄子、侄女...請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)他們追尋他們想要的未來(lái)。

The jobs will be there. Those tech CEOs that are clamoring for STEM grads, you know what they're hiring for?

工作總會(huì)有的。那些爭(zhēng)著吵著要招理工科畢業(yè)生的科技老總們，你知道他們招聘員工來(lái)做什么工作？

Google, Apple, Facebook. Sixty-five percent of their open job opportunities are non-technical:

谷歌、蘋果、臉書(shū)，這些公司65%的工作崗位，都是非技術(shù)類的：

marketers, designers, project managers, program managers, product managers, lawyers,

市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、項(xiàng)目管理、方案管理、產(chǎn)品管理、公司律師、

HR specialists, trainers, coaches, sellers, buyers, on and on.

人力資源、培訓(xùn)師、教練、銷售、買家等等。

These are the jobs they're hiring for.

這些才是他們大肆招聘的職位。

And if there's one thing that our future workforce needs -- and I think we can all agree on this -- it's diversity.

如果未來(lái)的勞動(dòng)人口需要一樣?xùn)|西--一樣大家都能認(rèn)可的東西--那就是多樣性。

But that diversity shouldn't end with gender or race.

但多樣性并不該止步于性別和種族。

We need a diversity of backgrounds and skills, with introverts and extroverts and leaders and followers.

我們需要多樣的背景和技術(shù)，包括內(nèi)向和外向的人，追隨者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

That is our future workforce. And the fact that the technology is getting easier and more accessible

這才是我們未來(lái)的勞動(dòng)力構(gòu)成。科技變得越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單、越來(lái)越容易獲得這一事實(shí)，

frees that workforce up to study whatever they damn well please. Thank you.

讓職業(yè)選擇也變得更加自由，你可以愛(ài)干什么就干什么。謝謝。