上外考研備考，英語MTI英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)外刊選材練習(xí)六

高譯教育專注上外考研輔導(dǎo)，由上外及北外碩博校友創(chuàng)辦。專注上外各個(gè)專業(yè)考研輔導(dǎo)，及上海其他院校外語專業(yè)考研。師資來自上外、復(fù)旦、華師大、北外、北語等名校優(yōu)秀碩博校友。

自2013年至今，已輔導(dǎo)包括英、法、德、俄、日、朝、阿、西、漢國教、語言學(xué)、金融、新聞、廣告、傳播、……三十多個(gè)專業(yè)門類近千名學(xué)員成功考取上外、復(fù)旦、對外經(jīng)貿(mào)、華師、同濟(jì)、上師、天師、北外、南大等高校研究生。

上外考研備考，英語MTI英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)外刊選材練習(xí)四

翻譯技巧,上外考研英語MTI筆譯小技巧

上外考研高翻MTI英語口譯/筆譯，漢譯英翻譯題失分點(diǎn)舉例講解

初試課程，上外考研高譯教育初試輔導(dǎo)課程詳情

外刊精讀的好處：

上外高翻MTI考研真題中，翻譯基礎(chǔ)和翻碩英語兩門科目的很多試題都是選自外刊，尤其是一些西方傳統(tǒng)大刊，如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人、紐約時(shí)報(bào)、金融時(shí)報(bào)等。

同學(xué)們平時(shí)的備考中，通過對外刊的閱讀和解析，可以幫助提高閱讀速度、積累詞匯和表達(dá)（包括縮略語）、增強(qiáng)語句理解力，了解中英思維差異，培養(yǎng)英語思維，掌握分析文章邏輯的能力，提高總結(jié)能力。

學(xué)習(xí)英文表達(dá)和句型，為漢譯英和作文積累地道表達(dá)、寫作素材、擴(kuò)展思路，提高寫作能力。

下面是高譯老師從本周的外刊中選取的一些題材，同學(xué)們在備考中也要多多涉獵哦。

【外刊選材一】

World in a dish

碟中世界

Confronting the dangers of ultra-processed food

正視深加工食物的危險(xiǎn)

A cocktail of additives and preservatives poses a risk to people's health

各種添加劑和防腐劑給人類健康帶來了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

語言點(diǎn)

pose a risk

l to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with

造成（威脅、問題等）；引起；產(chǎn)生

l to pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk

構(gòu)成威脅／挑戰(zhàn)／危險(xiǎn)／風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

The task poses no special problems.

這項(xiàng)任務(wù)不會(huì)造成特別的問題。

知識(shí)補(bǔ)充

additives

食品添加劑是為了保持味道或增強(qiáng)口感、改善外觀添加到食物中的物質(zhì)。 一些添加劑已經(jīng)使用了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)；例如，腌制、鹽腌來保存食物，糖果的保存以及用二氧化硫來保存葡萄酒。隨著二十世紀(jì)下半葉加工食品的出現(xiàn)，引入了越來越多的天然和人工合成的添加劑。

preservatives

防腐劑又稱保鮮劑，是指天然或合成的化學(xué)成分，用于加入食品、藥品、顏料、生物標(biāo)本等，以延遲微生物生長或化學(xué)變化引起的腐敗。

WHICHIS HEALTHIER: a bag of crisps or a kale salad? That is easy. Now which is healthier: a pizza made from scratch or one made from the same basic ingredients, with the same number of calories, pulled out of a box in the freezer?

一袋薯片和一盤羽衣甘藍(lán)沙拉，哪個(gè)更健康?這很容易回答。那么，一個(gè)現(xiàn)做披薩和一個(gè)使用相同的基本原料、包含同樣多的卡路里的速凍預(yù)制比薩，哪個(gè)更健康?

語言點(diǎn)

make from scratch

from scratch without any previous preparation or knowledge

從頭開始；從零開始

l I learned German from scratch in six months.

我從零學(xué)起，六個(gè)月學(xué)會(huì)了德語。

l They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.

他們決定拆掉機(jī)器，從頭再來。

【外刊選材二】

Many people concerned with what they eat would instinctively say the former, perhaps citing a vague concern with processed food”. Such food can often be delicious. (This columnist has a particular weakness for salty potato crisps.) And there is much to cheer about calories being cheap and abundant, when for most of human history they were neither. But as Chris van Tulleken's new book Ultra-Processed People” explains that cheapness and abundance come at a cost

許多關(guān)心飲食健康的人會(huì)本能地選擇前者。他們也許會(huì)說，聽說“加工食品”總歸不大好。加工食品通常都很美味。(筆者就對咸香薯片尤其沒有抵抗力。)而有廉價(jià)又豐富的卡路里很值得慶賀畢竟在人類歷史的大部分時(shí)間里這兩點(diǎn)都不可得。但是，正如克里斯·范圖爾肯 (Chris vanTulleken) 的新書《深加工人類》(Ultra-Processed People) 所解釋的那樣，這種廉價(jià)和豐富都是有代價(jià)的。

語言點(diǎn)

be concerned with

~ (about/with sth)interested in sth 感興趣的；關(guān)切的；關(guān)注的They were more concerned with how the1other women had dressed than with what the speaker was saying.

他們對其他女人的衣著打扮比對演講者的講話更加感興趣。

have a weakness for

~ (for sth/sb)difficulty in resisting sth/sb that you like very much

（對人或事物的）迷戀，無法抗拒

l He has a weakness for chocolate.

他愛吃巧克力。

l Stephen himself had a weakness for cats...

史蒂芬本人偏愛貓。

l His one weakness, apart from aeroplanes, is ice cream.

除了對飛機(jī)情有獨(dú)鐘，他還嗜好冰激凌。

come at a cost

l But all this quick progression has come at a cost.

但所有這些快速發(fā)展都是有代價(jià)的。

l It's led by the U.S. It's come at a cost of millions of dollars per day, but its effects have led to a ruin for much of the terrorist organization.

由美國牽頭，每天的花費(fèi)達(dá)數(shù)百萬美元，成果就是，搗毀了該恐怖組織的大量 基地。

【外刊選材三】

Mr van Tulleken, a doctor and television presenter, draws a distinction between “ultra processed food”(UPF) and “processed food”. Almost everything people consume is processed in some form: rice is harvested and hulled animals are butchered. He uses a definition proposed by Carlos Monteiro,a food scientist describing UPF as“formulations of ingredients mostly of exclusive industrial use, made by a series of industrial processes, many requiring sophisticated equipment and technology. A pizza made from scratch contains minimally processed food (wheat turned into flour, tomatoes into sauce, milk into cheese). The one in the freezer, with its thiamine mononitrate and sodium phosphate, is UPF.

醫(yī)生兼電視主持人范圖爾肯把“深加工食品”和“加工食品”做了區(qū)分。人們食用的東西幾乎都經(jīng)過某種形式的加工，比如稻米要經(jīng)過收割和脫殼動(dòng)物要經(jīng)過宰殺。他引用了食品科學(xué)家卡洛斯·蒙特羅(Carlos Monteiro)提出的定義，將深加工食品描述為“由各種成分配比而來，其中大多數(shù)成分僅用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)，并要經(jīng)過一系列工業(yè)過程，許多過程都需要用到先進(jìn)的設(shè)備和技術(shù)”?，F(xiàn)做的披薩只含有經(jīng)基本加工的材料(小麥加工成面粉，西紅柿做成醬，牛奶變成奶酪)。而速凍披薩含有硫胺素硝酸鹽和磷酸鈉，屬于深加工食品。

語言點(diǎn)

draw a distinction

~ (between A and B)a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related 差別；區(qū)別；對比

l Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.

哲學(xué)家過去不把人文科學(xué)和自然科學(xué)區(qū)別開來。

l We need to draw a distinction between the two events.

我們得把兩起事件區(qū)別開來。

in some form

C, U] the particular way sth is, seems, looks or is presented 形式；外表；樣子

l Help arrived in the form of two police officers.

來支援的是兩名警察。

l Most political questions involve morality in some form or other.

多數(shù)政治問題牽涉到這樣或那樣的道義性。

l We need to come to some form of agreement.

我們需要達(dá)成某種形式的協(xié)議。

l I'm opposed to censorship in any shape or form.

我反對任何形式的審查。

知識(shí)補(bǔ)充

深加工食品

深加工食品包括包裝好的烘烤食品和餅干、氣泡飲料、含添加劑食品、由脫水蔬菜做成的湯等，它們通常含有較高水平的糖、脂肪、鹽，但缺乏維生素和纖維。

相關(guān)報(bào)道：

聯(lián)合國新聞

過度加工食品可增加患癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)https://news.un.org/zh/story/2023/03/1115927

過去數(shù)十年間，飲食模式已經(jīng)從富含新鮮和最低限度加工食品的飲食轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭秤酶叨燃庸な称罚涮攸c(diǎn)是能量密度更高、存在食品添加劑和反式脂肪等加工污染物、營養(yǎng)價(jià)值更低。這類加速的飲食變化與全球出現(xiàn)的與飲食相關(guān)的非傳染性疾病有關(guān)聯(lián)。

BBC新聞Ultra-processed food linked to early death https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48446924

【外刊選材四】

The cocktail of additives and preservatives in UP Fharm people in ways both known and unknown. It seems to affect the gut microbiome, the trillions of bacteria that contribute to health in a range of ways. Calorie-rich but usually nutrient poor, UPF contributes to obesity in part because its palatability and soft texture foster overconsumption, overriding satiety signals from the brain.

深加工食品中的添加劑和防腐劑混合物以各種已知或未知的方式危害人類。它似乎會(huì)影響腸道微生物菌群，而這數(shù)以萬億計(jì)的細(xì)菌以多種方式維持著人體健康。深加工食品富含卡路里，但通常缺乏營養(yǎng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖，這一定程度上是因?yàn)樗鼈兛谖墩T人，口感松軟，會(huì)壓制大腦發(fā)出的飽腹感信號，容易讓人過量食用。

語言點(diǎn)

a range of

l ~ (of sth)a variety of things of a particular type 一系列The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.

這家酒店提供各種各樣的設(shè)施。

l There is a full range of activities for children.

這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動(dòng)

override

If one thing in a situation overrides other things, it is more important than them.

[用法] ?V n

l The welfare of a child should always override the wishes of its parents...

孩子的幸福安康應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)比父母的愿望來得更重要。

l Their work is frequently an obsession that overrides all other considerations.

他們對工作的癡迷常常超乎其他一切。

知識(shí)補(bǔ)充

satiety signals

飽腹感就是進(jìn)食后產(chǎn)生的不需要繼續(xù)進(jìn)食的感覺。人的饑餓感和飽腹感是由人腦調(diào)節(jié)控制的。在人的下丘腦中，有控制食欲的神經(jīng)中樞，分為飽腹中樞和攝食中樞兩部分。當(dāng)吃完飯后，血中的葡萄糖增多，飽腹中樞因受到刺激而興奮，人就產(chǎn)生了飽腹感，不想再吃了。

【外刊選材五】

Because this frankenfood is cheap to produce and buy, UPF displaces healthier alternatives, particularly for poor people. Extra weight was once a sign of wealth, but among British and American women today, obesity rates are higher at lower-income levels. (Curiously, rates do not vary for men, even though a greater share of American men than women are obese.

由于這種“科學(xué)怪糧”的生產(chǎn)成本低，價(jià)格便宜因此人們會(huì)用它替代更健康的食品，窮人就更是如此。體重超標(biāo)曾經(jīng)是財(cái)富的標(biāo)志，而在當(dāng)今的英國和美國婦女中，低收入群體的肥胖率更高。(奇怪的是，男性不同收入群體的肥胖率并沒有差異，盡管美國男性的整體肥胖率要比女性高。)

The reasons why UPF can be harmful are not always clear, even to scientists. Additives that may be safe in isolation or small quantities maybe harmful in combination with other chemicals or when consumed regularly. If we are what we eat, considering the impact of UPF is essential but too often Mr van Tulleken's case for clean food is accompanied by anti-capitalist preening: for instance, he nonsensically calls corporate-tax minimisation“part of ultra-processing'.

深加工食品為何可能有害，原因并不總是很清楚，即使對科學(xué)家來說也是如此。有些添加劑單獨(dú)或少量食用可能是安全的，但與其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)混合使用或經(jīng)常性食用就可能有害。如果真的“人如其食”，考慮深加工食品的影響就非常必要，但范圖爾肯對干凈食品的主張往往帶有一股反資本主義的自豪感，比如他莫名其妙地把公司稅最少化稱作“深加工過程的一部分”。

語言點(diǎn)

preening

? to feel very proud or satisfied with yourself because of an action or quality

感到得意，感到慶幸

l The government is publicly preening itself on the latest trade figures.

政府因?yàn)樽罱馁Q(mào)易數(shù)字在公眾面前洋洋得意。

l The company preened itself for having taken on so many new employees last year.

該公司為去年招收了那么多新員工而感到頗為滿意。

知識(shí)補(bǔ)充

clean food

l 天然食物，如：新鮮蔬果、五谷雜糧、豆類、果仁、雞蛋等。

l 經(jīng)過最低限度加工的食材包括：粗谷物（例如糙米、全麥、藜麥等）、冷凍蔬果、天然放養(yǎng)而并非糧食飼養(yǎng)而來的肉類、無激素乳制品、油類等。

l 若要選擇比較方便的食品， 一定要選擇天然有機(jī)、不添加任何調(diào)味、化學(xué)劑、防腐劑。

【外刊選材六】

Environment matters, too. People who live in what the author calls “food swamps”, where UPF is everywhere but real food is harder to reach”could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food, but that is not how most people live.There is nothing wrong with the odd fast-food trip, but any one who can afford to eat less UPF probably should.

環(huán)境也很重要。如果是居住在作者所說的“深加工食品無處不在，但很難吃到真正的食物”的“食物沼澤地”中，人們可能要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢來搜尋新鮮食物。但大多數(shù)人的生活環(huán)境并非如此。偶爾吃吃快餐無可厚非，但任何吃得起更健康食物的人或許都應(yīng)該適可而止。

語言點(diǎn)

seek out

If you seek out someone or something or seek them out, you keep looking for them until you find them.

[用法] ?V P n (not pron)

[用法] ?V n P

l Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe...

對于當(dāng)?shù)毓緛碚f，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候去歐洲尋求商機(jī)了。

l Ellen spent the day in the hills and sought me out when she returned.

埃倫在山里呆了一整天，并于回來后找到了我。

odd

? not happening often

不常發(fā)生的；不經(jīng)常的

l She does the odd teaching job but nothing permanent.

她有時(shí)教教課，但并不固定。

l You get the odd person who's rude to you but they're generally quite helpful.

你不巧遇到了一個(gè)對你粗魯?shù)娜?，不過他們這樣的人一般是相當(dāng)樂于助人的。

……

祝愿同學(xué)們都能圓夢上外，平時(shí)多多進(jìn)行積累，提高備考效率和針對性的復(fù)習(xí)，奮力向前，實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想！

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高譯教育-由上外及北外碩博校友創(chuàng)辦，專注上外各個(gè)專業(yè)考研、考博及上海院校外語專業(yè)考研、考博輔導(dǎo)。師資來自上外、復(fù)旦、華師大、北外、北語等名校優(yōu)秀碩博校友。

自2013年至今，輔導(dǎo)范圍涵括英語、法語、德語、俄語、日語、朝鮮語、阿拉伯語、西班牙語、漢語國際教育、語言學(xué)、金融學(xué)、新聞學(xué)、廣告學(xué)、傳播學(xué)等三十多個(gè)專業(yè)門類。近千名學(xué)員通過高譯教育成功考取上外、復(fù)旦、對外經(jīng)貿(mào)、華師、同濟(jì)、上師、天師、北外、南大等高校研究生。