Hannah's 醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)

本文章為我本人根據(jù)Hannah‘s醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行筆記匯總的，如有錯(cuò)誤麻煩指出，謝謝！

1.

root詞根

suffix后綴

prefix前綴

combinvowel結(jié)合元音

CV:

1）刪除：當(dāng)后綴以元音字母為詞首

2）保留：當(dāng)后接構(gòu)詞形以輔音字母為詞首；

兩個(gè)詞根之間必加連接元音

eg.gastroenterology

anesthesiology麻醉學(xué)cardiology心臟病學(xué)dermatology皮膚病學(xué)endocrinology內(nèi)分泌學(xué)hematology血液學(xué)nephrology腎臟學(xué)gynecology婦科學(xué)neurology神經(jīng)病學(xué)oncology腫瘤學(xué)ophthalmology眼科醫(yī)學(xué)radiology放射醫(yī)學(xué)pathology病理學(xué)psychology心理學(xué)

-logist某醫(yī)生 nephrologist

2.inflammation

-itis炎癥

eg.appendicitis闌尾炎arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎bronchitis支氣管炎cystitis膀胱炎colitis結(jié)腸炎dermatitis皮膚炎hepatitis肝炎gastroenteritis胃腸炎gastritis胃炎enteritis腸炎nephritis腎炎pancreatitis胰腺炎

3.

meningitis腦膜炎conjunctivitis結(jié)膜otitis耳炎rhinitis鼻炎tonsillitis扁桃體炎sinusitis鼻竇炎pharyngitis咽炎laryngitis喉炎gingivitis牙齦炎tendinitis肌腱炎u(yù)rethritis尿道炎vaginitis陰道炎

4.

abdominal bloating腹部脹氣

anxiety腹痛anxious焦慮不安的black out暫時(shí)失去知覺blackout昏厥a blister(s)水泡blood in my stool/poop血便blood in urine(hematuria)血尿 blood-tinged sputum血痰coughing up blood（hemoptysis）咯血bowel movement大便a bruise瘀傷can‘t concentrate不能集中精神 can’t crouch不能蹲下blurred vision/can‘t see clearly視覺模糊burping/belching打飽嗝hiccups打嗝chest discomfort胸部不適chest pain胸痛chills發(fā)冷a coma昏迷constipation便秘depression抑郁癥depressed抑郁的diarrhea腹瀉difficulty swallowing厭食困難dislocation脫臼speech disturbance語(yǔ)言障礙dizziness頭暈dizzy頭暈drool流口水drowsy昏沉沉的drowsiness睡意ear discharge 耳分泌物edema水腫fatigue疲倦fatigued a fever發(fā)燒a fracture骨折frequent urination尿頻sandy/gritty/scratchy feeling/sensation in the eyes沙粒入眼的感覺

5.

a flu/cold 區(qū)別fever,headache,aches,pains,fatigue,weakness,extreme exhaustion,chest discomfort

6.

-ectomy切除術(shù)

hysterectomy子宮切除術(shù)hysteria歇斯底里

mastectomy乳房切除術(shù)

lumpectomy腫塊切除術(shù)benign、cancerous

oophorectomy卵巢切除術(shù)

cervicectomy=trachelectomy子宮頸切除術(shù)

vasectomy輸精管切除術(shù)

prostatectomy前列腺切除術(shù)

7.

appendectomy闌尾切除術(shù)

adrenalectomy腎上腺切除術(shù)

adenoidectomy腺樣體切除術(shù)

tonsillectomy扁桃體切除術(shù)

thyroidectomy甲狀腺切除術(shù)

hemorrhoidectomy痔瘡切除術(shù)

gastrectomy胃切除術(shù)

pancreatectomy胰腺切除術(shù)

8.

hepatectomy肝切除術(shù)

splenectomy脾切除術(shù)

nephrectomy腎臟切除術(shù)

salpingectomy輸卵管切除術(shù)

mastoidectomy乳突切開術(shù)

polypectomy息肉切除術(shù)polyps息肉

9.

be going to+infinitive

vital signs生命體征：temperature、pulse、respiration、blood pressure

eg.i am gonna take/get/measure/do/check your vital signs/vitals,ok?.

cuff袖帶put the cuff around your upper arm

inflate the cuff 充袖帶

10.主要復(fù)習(xí)各種炎癥單詞

11.

cystostomy膀胱造口術(shù)

nephrostomy腎臟造口術(shù)

colostomy結(jié)腸造口術(shù)

cholecystostomy膽囊造口術(shù)

gastrostomy胃造口術(shù)

enterostomy腸造口術(shù)

jejunostomy空腸造口術(shù)

tracheostomy氣管造口術(shù)

12.二型糖尿病三種典型癥狀

increased appetite/excessive hunger多食

excessive urination/frequent urination/urinating more often than usual多尿

excessive thrist/increased thirst/feeling very thirst/feeling thirsty all the time 多飲

三癥：polyphagia多吃polyuria多尿polydipsia多飲

13.其他常見二型糖尿病癥狀

unexplained weight loss（losing weight without trying）體重不正常減輕

lose weight；weight loss

blurred vision/decreased vision視力模糊

slow healing wounds傷口愈合慢

tingling or numbeness in the hands or feet手或腳有刺痛、麻木感

fatigue/tiredness/feeling weak/shaky 疲乏無(wú)力

dry and Itchy skin 皮膚干燥和搔癢

frequent infections反復(fù)感染

14.身體部位的名詞1

shin脛部eg.she bumped/banged her shin against the shelf as she stood up.

calf/calves腓部

thigh 大腿inner thigh/outer thigh/ back thigh/front thigh tone up 增強(qiáng)

knee膝蓋eg.i scraped/skinned my knee in a bike acciedent.

toe/toes腳趾eg.lift/raise your toes up toward your shin. toe walking

heel腳后跟 high heels高跟鞋

15.身體部位名稱2

hand、fingers、thumb、index finger/pointer finger、middle finger、ring finger、litter finger/baby finger/pinky、fingernail、palm、back of the hand、knuckle、wrist

16.身體部位名詞3

stomach、pancreas、liver、gallbladder、small intestine/bowel、duodenum、jejunum、ileum、large intesetine/large bowel/colon、cecum、appendix、ascending colon、transverse colon、descending colon、rectum、anus

17.大便問診

constipation便秘eg.i have constipation

type1:separate hard lumps,like nuts

type2:Sausage-shaped but lumpy

type3:like a sausage but with cracks on the surface

type4:like a sausage or snake,smooth and soft

type5:soft blobs with clear-cut edges

type6:fluffy pieces with ragged edges,a mushy stool

type7:watery,no solid pieces,entirely liquid

18.大便問診

bowel movement腸蠕動(dòng)

poop排便、大便empty the bowel、poop、pass stool

how are your bowel movements?

how are your bowel habbits?

i have trouble going.

do you poop regularly?

how often do you poop?/how frequent are your bowel movements?

how mamy bowel movements do you have every day?/how many times are you pooping every day?

i go once a day/twice a day/three time a day.

i have a bowel movement...i go...

do you have any pain or bloating?

is there blood in your stool?

did you have a bowel movement today?

when was your last bowel movement?

what color is your stool?

what dose your stool look like?

does your stool normally look like that?

19.on+body part

lie on your back please.

lie on your stomach please.

lie on your tummy/belly please.

lie on your side please.

i will put a pillow to keep you on your side.

do you sleep on your stomach or your back.

sleeping on your back is known as one of the best positions.

does your toddler like walking around on their tiptoes?

please sit on yout bum and we'll read a story.

stand on your right foot with your left leg bent

the baby often crawls on all fours.

20.兩個(gè)專業(yè)名詞前綴

hyper-高，超過，亢奮的

eg.hypertension、hyperthyroidism、hyperactive thyroid、hyperglycemia、hyperlipidemia、hypercholesterolemia、hypertrilyceridemia、hyperuricemia、hypercalcemia

hypo-低，少，減退

eg.hypoglyemia（同上）

21.

digestive system

digestive tract/gastrointestinal tract/GI

tract/alimentary canal

digestive glands

oral cavity/mouth

pharynx-throat

esophagus/oesophagus food pipe

major salivary glands

parotid glands

sublingual glands

submandibular glands;mandible

sigmoid colon

22.看病實(shí)用詞匯

may/might+infinitive(動(dòng)詞不定式）

side effects 副作用

eg.you might suffer/experience dizziness.

23.thermometer體溫計(jì) temperature scales

digital thermometer

celsius/fahrenheit攝氏/華式

temporal artery/forehead thermometer

disposable forehead thermometer一次性的額溫儀

common temperature sites： mouth、underarm/armpit、ear、rectum、forehead

常用表達(dá)：i am gonna take your temperature.i am gonna take it orally.

24.量體溫對(duì)話

25.復(fù)習(xí)量體溫對(duì)話

26.pain scale

mild/moderate/severe/

how would you rate your pain on a scale of/from 1-10?with 1 being mild and 10 being the worst pain you've had in your entire life/you can imagine

can you tell me about your pain level?

27-30.問診常用開頭

1you look sick;你太酷了it‘s just an exoression

2you gave me a heart attack; my hands are equipped with defibrillators;clear!

3fist bump;pumped up=excited我太激動(dòng)了

4you have a sloght epidermal abrasion.i suggest an antibacterial spay.上面，表面

5how would you like to be addressed?miss smith is fine.

waht would you like me to call you?you call me a xx

what's your name?

how may i adress you?

what do you prefer to go by?

6what brings you in/here today?你哪兒不舒服

what seems to be the problem?

7shortness of breath氣短cardiac心臟的EKG/ECG心電圖

rule out sth 排除

hematocrit血細(xì)胞比容dietary history飲食史

do you have any questions?

31-32描述癥狀

1i have（i’ve got）+病名/癥狀

2i have （i’ve）been+Verb-ing

33婦科疾病

menstruation/menstruate

menstrual clots

menstrual cycle

heavy/light periods

heavy menstrual bleeding/flow

irregular periods

menstrual pain

menstrual/period cramps

menstrual bleeding

spotting between periods

abnormal vaginal bleeding

待續(xù)

34手術(shù)同意書informed consent

obtain/receive consent from sb

give/grant consent to sb./sth

withhold(your)consent(not give it)不同意

consent to sth:the patient has the right to consent to the surgery.

consent to do sth

investigation,treatment,operative procedure

order-lab tests/an ultrasound/an MRI/A CT scan

nature性質(zhì) ,anticipated effect預(yù)期的結(jié)果, propose提出,sinificant risks重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn), alternatives替代方案, available可用的

35高頻動(dòng)詞make

make a choice; make a promise; make up one's mind; make time; make a mistake/mistakes; make excuses; make things happen, make a wish; make someone's day; make a positive impact on someone;

36keep sth. in check 控制、調(diào)節(jié)、抑制

be responsiible for

metabolism, heartbeat, temperature, mood

37run down

hormone, take hormones服用激素

lousy不舒服，糟糕的

run-down筋疲力盡的

38猜詞技巧

guessing meaning from context

look for synonyms as context clues

look for antonyms as context clues

eg.lethargic; lethargy

lethargy can also be s side effect of taking certain medications.

39get one's hopes up

eg.i should have listened to Eric and not get my hopes up until everythind was confirmed.

be prepared for; miscarriage 流產(chǎn)

口語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式：

like/you know/well/Um/literally/seriously/basically

Ectopic pregnancy異位妊娠

40.突然停止（服藥）/喝咖啡/喝酒/吸煙/吸毒

first and foremo首先

（go/quit/stop）cold turkey 突然終止某種已經(jīng)成癮的習(xí)慣

you don't wanna你最好不要（建議）

obviously； trigger

you wanna建議你，你最好

go slow慢慢來(lái)

wean yourself off sth使某人逐漸戒掉

flat-out完全地

proton pump inhibitor(PPI)

taper off 逐漸停止

eg.you wanna taper off your antidepressant medication/you wanna wean off your antidepressants.

with some medications, quitting/stopping cold turkey/abruptly may cause withdrawal symptoms.