「釋義」

當(dāng)嫉妒成為社會(huì)常態(tài)，會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生極大的腐蝕與破壞作用。嫉妒將人的視線局限于對(duì)他人的負(fù)面攻擊上，而非集中于關(guān)注自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和發(fā)展。

在“嫉妒經(jīng)濟(jì)”中，人們生活在一個(gè)“零和游戲”中，有人成功就意味著有人失敗。

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「應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景」

最近，美國(guó)似乎開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)從夢(mèng)想時(shí)代退化到嫉妒時(shí)代的趨勢(shì)。不管是99%的人去嫉妒1%的人，還是53%的人去嫉妒47%擁有政府補(bǔ)貼的人，這個(gè)數(shù)字已不再重要，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)他人優(yōu)勢(shì)的關(guān)注已經(jīng)重于自身。這是我們應(yīng)該警覺(jué)的跡象。如果任由這種嫉妒之風(fēng)蔓延，它將對(duì)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生極大的腐蝕與破壞作用。它削弱了人的能動(dòng)性，將成功變?yōu)橐环N被動(dòng)的外力而非內(nèi)在的驅(qū)動(dòng)。它將人的視線局限于對(duì)他人的負(fù)面攻擊上，而非集中于關(guān)注自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和發(fā)展。在“夢(mèng)想經(jīng)濟(jì)”中，人們欣然看到他人的進(jìn)步，因?yàn)檫@意味著有一天他們也可以做到這點(diǎn)。但是在“嫉妒經(jīng)濟(jì)”中，情形恰恰相反，人們生活在一個(gè)“零和游戲”中，有人成功就意味著有人失敗。

?Lately there are signs that America is shifting from an orientation of ambition toward one of envy. Whether it is the 99% who envy the 1% or the 53% who resent the 47% who are receiving government distributions, we are beginning to show signs of focusing more on others than on ourselves. That’s a shift we want to avoid. Over time envy has a corrosive, pernicious effect on an economy. It reduces agency and encourages people to attribute outcomes to forces beyond their control. It shifts people’s gaze toward others in a negative way and takes their focus off their own goals. In an ambition economy, people generally enjoy watching others get ahead, because it reinforces their sense that they, too, can succeed. In an envy economy, in contrast, people often feel like they’re playing in a zero-sum game and that if someone else gets ahead, it comes at their own expense.

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《“嫉妒經(jīng)濟(jì)”取代“夢(mèng)想經(jīng)濟(jì)”？》

尼廷·諾里亞

2013年1月刊

“Envy and the American Dream”

by Nitin Nohria

編輯：馬冰侖