正文翻譯

Scott Goldman
Take it seriously. Get those troops out of the Caribbean and move them to Boston.Work with John and Sam Adams toward a solution, rather than getting them to inspire a national rebellion.Employ/recruit the 1/2 of American colonists (exact numbers are unknown) that remained loyal to the Crown.Get better mercenaries. The Hessians from Germany were notorious for going AWOL. At least 1/4 shed their uniforms and walked away.
Save money for emergencies. Too much money had been spent recently on fighting France and Spain. Britain's debt was too burdensome throughout the war to launch the massive naval assault against the French fleet keeping them (literally) at bay.

1. 認真對待。把軍隊撤出加勒比海，轉(zhuǎn)移到波士頓。
2. 和約翰·亞當斯（美國第二任總統(tǒng)）和薩姆·亞當斯一起尋找解決方案，而不是讓他們激起一場全國性的叛亂。
3. 雇傭、招募1/2的美國殖民者(確切數(shù)字不詳)忠于英國王室。
4. 獲得更好的雇傭兵。德國黑森人擅離職守是出了名的，至少四分之一的人脫下制服，走了。
5. 存錢以備不時之需。最近在與法國和西班牙的戰(zhàn)爭中花費了太多的錢。在整個戰(zhàn)爭期間，英國的債務(wù)負擔太重，無法對法國艦隊發(fā)動大規(guī)模的海軍攻擊，使他們(字面上)陷入困境。

Stay out of the south. Britain decided to focus on the southern states that had been generally sympathetic to the Crown. Instead, their aggression inspired hatred and rebellion by the southern colonists.
Follow orders. The battle of Saratoga might have ended the war in 1777, but General Howe defied orders, going to Philadelphia instead.
Fight a stalemated war of attrition. Instead, Britain went for the jugular, time after time.
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9. 遠離南方。英國決定將重點放在南部各州，這些州通常對國王表示同情。相反，他們的侵略激起了南方殖民者的仇恨和反叛。
10. 服從命令。薩拉托加戰(zhàn)役本可以在1777年結(jié)束這場戰(zhàn)爭，但豪將軍違抗命令，前往費城。
11. 應(yīng)該打一場消耗戰(zhàn)。而不是像英國這樣一次又一次地把矛頭指向了要害。

評論翻譯

Scott Goldman
Excellent and accurate points.

優(yōu)秀和準確的要點。

James LaBare
It was controversial because to many Britons it was a war against other Britons. It wasn't like a war against France, but more like a civil war.

這是一場有爭議的戰(zhàn)爭，因為對許多英國人來說，這是一場針對其他英國人的戰(zhàn)爭。它不像是一場對法國的戰(zhàn)爭，更像是一場內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。

Willy Daglish
It was said of the war that a mostly British army beat a mostly German army, thanks to the French!

據(jù)說在這場戰(zhàn)爭中，一支以英國為主的軍隊打敗了一支以德國為主的軍隊，這要歸功于法國人！

Jacobo Moreno
Curious how everbody forgets, Spanish went earlier and with far more support than French to the rebels… Probably because years later the newborn country moved against their “allies “ taking Cuba and Filipines…

奇怪的是，為什么大家都忘記了，西班牙人比法國人更早地支持了叛軍……可能是因為多年后這個新生的國家反對他們的“盟友（美國）”占領(lǐng)了古巴和菲律賓……

Willy Daglish
My apologies to the Spanish. As you say: “curious how everybody forgets”
Mind the newly-minted Americans never showed any gratitude to the French, either.I think I first heard the above in France back in the 60’s/70’s. The French have never shown the Spanish any respect, either!

我向西班牙人道歉。就像你說的:“真奇怪，怎么會有人忘記”。要知道新崛起的美國人也從未對法國人表示過感激。我想我第一次聽到上述說法是在60、70年代的法國。法國人也從來沒有對西班牙人表示過任何尊重！

George Pringle
As a Canadian of Scottish heritage I am so glad we had the seven years years and France traded Quebec for Guadalupe

作為一個蘇格蘭血統(tǒng)的加拿大人，我很高興我們度過了七年時光，法國用魁北克換來了瓜達盧佩（注：美國新墨西哥東南部的瓜達洛普）。

Erik Orlow
What? The whole of Quebec for Guadalupe??

什么？用整個魁北克換取瓜達盧佩?

Curtis Kimball
Only if they (King and Parliament) had changed their world view, a highly unlikely event. They couldn’t imagine how to negotiate a peace that would result in a more independent America.“Here, then, was the crux. The king and his men believed that British wealth and status derived from the colonies. The erosion of authority in America, followed by loss of sovereignty, would encourage rebellions [elsewhere in the British Empire]” from The British are Coming - by Rick Atkinson; prologue, page 14.

只有他們（國王和議會）改變他們的世界觀，這是極不可能的。他們無法想象如何通過談判來實現(xiàn)和平，那將導致美國更加獨立，這就是癥結(jié)所在。國王和他的手下認為英國的財富和地位來自殖民地。在美國殖民地的權(quán)威受到侵蝕，隨之而來的將是主權(quán)的喪失，這將鼓勵叛亂（在大英帝國的其他殖民地）。

The distance, size, and level of resistance of the American colonies were never given sufficient thought by Britain in conducting its war. They couldn’t imagine how to prosecute a war of such magnitude with the other demands on their resources.The intervention of other European powers (primarily France) to broaden the conflict in 1778 ended Britain’s attempt to keep one third of its empire.Only a full-on effort would have worked. The British world view did not allow that.

英國在進行戰(zhàn)爭時從未充分考慮過美國殖民地的距離、面積和抵抗程度。他們無法想象如何發(fā)動一場如此大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭，同時還要滿足對他們資源的其他需求。1778年，其他歐洲列強（主要是法國）的介入擴大了沖突，結(jié)束了英國試圖保留帝國三分之一（殖民地）的企圖。只有全力以赴才能奏效，英國的世界觀不允許這樣做。

Peter Goggins
It’s funny because the wealthy and prestige of Britain increased with the independence of the US, partially due to the fact that they reaped all the trade benefits without the administrative costs.

有趣的是，英國的財富和聲望隨著美國的獨立而增加，部分原因是他們在沒有行政成本的情況下獲得了所有的貿(mào)易利益。

James Hickey
And a logistical nightmare for the Brits

對英國人來說是一場后勤噩夢。

William Klein
King George III was notoriously bullheaded, and that (and perhaps his rightful obsession with the French) was a major reason why the British did no implement the above - and possibly win the war.

英王喬治三世的固執(zhí)是出了名的，而這（也許還有他對法國人原有的迷戀）是英國沒有實施上述措施并可能贏得戰(zhàn)爭的主要原因。

Grey Gibson
The British won the War of 1812 with the peace treaty. The imperative of the wars with France was over, and they offered very favorable terms to make a lasting peace that would a future beneficial future.

英國通過和平條約贏得了1812年的戰(zhàn)爭。與法國的戰(zhàn)爭已經(jīng)結(jié)束，他們提出了非常有利的條件來建立持久的和平，這對未來是有利的。

Robert Marrow
At the time besides the problems with France, Spain and in the Caribbean weren’t the English also having Colonial problems in India spreading their troops even thinner to be able to combat the problems here in America? Though a lot of all England's problems (at the time) stems from the pure arrogance of the Crown and the Aristocracy of the time towards it’s Colonies.

當時除了法國，西班牙和加勒比海地區(qū)的問題，英國人在印度不是也有殖民地問題嗎？他們把軍隊分散了能應(yīng)對美國的問題嗎？盡管英國的很多問題(在那個時候)純粹是由于國王和貴族對其殖民地的傲慢。

Scott Goldman
Two excellent analogies, George. Thank you for showing the connections. Unfortunately, old lessons seem to be forgotten by each successive generation.

兩個很好的類比，喬治，謝謝你給出這些聯(lián)系。不幸的是，似乎每一代都遺忘了舊的教訓。

Pete Boland
Really interesting answer. Perhaps also the British parliament could have pushed back more strongly on the Crown’s taxation of the American colonies.

非常有趣的答案。也許英國議會本可以更有力地抵制國王對美洲殖民地的征稅。

Joseph Scott
While Point 1 has some truth, in that Britain certainly prioritised the West Indies over the continent, one must realise that the Caribbean was more valuable than the 13 Colonies, and letting the French take those much more valuable islands would be an economic disaster.

雖然第一點有些道理，因為英國肯定優(yōu)先考慮西印度群島而不是歐洲大陸，但我們必須認識到加勒比地區(qū)比13個殖民地更有價值，讓法國拿走這些更有價值的島嶼將會是一場經(jīng)濟災(zāi)難。第四點完全錯了。正如豪威和康沃利斯所指出的那樣，黑森軍團擁有當時世界上最優(yōu)秀的部隊，而黑森菲爾德獵人軍團則是英國軍隊中的精英。

Regarding Point 5: Friedrich von Stueben was fighting for money, not idealism. He was a captain who conned some gullible colonists into thinking he was a general, and got them to make him one and pay him appropriately…when all he did was teach them some basic drill that any other company officer in Prussia, and really, any professional officer at all, could have.

關(guān)于第五點：弗里德里希·馮·斯圖本就是為錢而戰(zhàn)，不是為理想主義而戰(zhàn)。他是一個船長，他欺騙一些輕信的殖民者，讓他們以為他是一個將軍，這樣就可以拿到他們的賄賂了……他所做的就是給他們一些基本的訓練，這一點，實際上在任何普魯士其他公司的軍官以及任何專業(yè)人員都能做到。

The investment the United States made in him was a great bargain. You mention his drill procedures, the Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States commonly called The Blue Book. After 240 years much of which von Steuben put forth is still in use today. Beyond this great work he helped with what we see today as common sense. Stuff like placement of latrines, not leaving the carcases of dead animals laying around to rot, standardized placements for camps, etc.

美國對他的投資是一筆大買賣。你提到了他的訓練過程，美國軍隊的秩序和紀律的規(guī)定通常被稱為藍皮書。240年后，馮·斯圖本提出的很多東西至今仍在使用。除了這項偉大的工作，他還幫助我們形成了我們今天所看到的常識。比如公共廁所的布局、不讓死去的動物尸體四處腐爛、營地的標準化安置等等。

Finally, look at the change the Baron created in the Army from his arrival on February 23 when he arrived at Valley Forge and when the next battle was fought at Barren Hill on May 20th and then at Monmouth Courthouse on June 28th. In just 4 months he helped change the Army into a force that could stand toe to toe with the British. A year later at Stony Point the Army had advanced to the point where they were able to complete the attack using only their bayonets — a role reversal from the Paoli Massacre.

最后，看看男爵在2月23日抵達福吉谷時給軍隊帶來的變化，以及5月20日在禿山之后的戰(zhàn)斗，然后6月28日在蒙茅斯法院戰(zhàn)斗。在僅僅4個月的時間里，他幫助陸軍轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐恢軌蚺c英軍面對面作戰(zhàn)的部隊。一年后，在石點鎮(zhèn)，軍隊已經(jīng)到了僅用刺刀就能完成進攻的地步——這完全逆轉(zhuǎn)了自保利大屠殺以來雙方的角色。

David Kemp
England could never win in the war of US independence as they were never in it, Great Britain was as it came into existence 69 years previously in 1707. You need to remember also that George Washington was actually born in what was then Britain. The British American territory of Virginia (I believe).

英國不可能在美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭中獲勝，因為他們從來沒有參加過美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭，而69年前，也就是1707年，英國才剛剛成立。你還需要記住，喬治·華盛頓實際上出生在當時的英國——弗吉尼亞的英屬美國領(lǐng)土。

Quora User
You are very wrong about where King George III placed his loyalties. He wanted to be known as British, pointing out that his education was in England, he spoke English (something George I and II were not very adept at. He had no desire to be known as Hannoveran other than being a descendant of that line. This change was something he was very proud of.

你對關(guān)于喬治三世對誰忠誠的分析大錯特錯了。他想以英國人的身份為人所知，他指出他是在英國受的教育，他說英語（這是喬治一世和二世不太擅長的）。他不想被稱為漢諾威人，只希望自己是漢諾威家族的后裔。這一變化令他非常自豪。

Erik Roth
There was already strong anti slavery sentiment in Britain which became law before the US gave it up and Britain proposed an area for natives to have as their own while colonists were doing their best to exterminate them despite the noble and irrelevant constitution.

在美國放棄奴隸制之前，英國已經(jīng)有了強烈的反奴隸制情緒，并制定了法律。英國提出給一塊土地作為土著居民的自留地，而殖民者卻不顧高尚而無關(guān)緊要的憲法，盡最大努力去消滅土著居民。

Erskine Fincher
Yes, there was strong anti-slavery sentiment in both Britain and the Colonies. That doesn’t mean that during the lead up to the Revolution there was any demand from Britain that the Colonies abolish slavery as some sort of deal by which the issues they had with Britain could be resolved. Britain did not abolish slavery in its Caribbean colonies until 1833 by which point half of the former British colonies in North America had already enacted legislation to ban slavery.

是的，英國和殖民地都有強烈的反奴隸制情緒。這并不意味著在革命前英國曾要求殖民地廢除奴隸制以此作為解決他們與英國之間問題的協(xié)議。直到1833年，英國才在其加勒比海殖民地廢除奴隸制，當時北美一半的前英屬殖民地已經(jīng)立法禁止奴隸制。

I have never seen that any such proposal was made by Britain, and considering that they were still profiting from slavery in the Caribbean, it defies common sense to think they would demand the immediate ban of slavery in one set of colonies while allowing it to continue another 50 years in another set. (And into the late 1800s in yet others.)

我從未見過任何由英國提出的這樣的提議，考慮到他們還得益于加勒比海的奴隸制，認為他們會要求立即禁止在一些殖民地的奴隸制，同時允許另一些殖民地繼續(xù)另一個50年的奴隸制有違常識。(有些地方的奴隸制直到19世紀末)

As for the Native Americans, Britain wanted to halt the western expansion of the Colonials, for the time being, but that doesn’t mean that they were going to forego westward expansion indefinitely. They simply didn’t want the expense of fighting the natives in the immediate aftermath of the Seven Years War. If you think they were going to leave the entire western half of North America to the natives, though, I suggest you take a look at the borders of Canada. What they wanted was time to figure out a way to make that expansion benefit Great Britain, rather than the Colonials.

對于美洲原住民，英國希望暫時停止對殖民地的西部擴張，但這并不意味著他們要無限期地放棄向西擴張。他們只是不想在七年戰(zhàn)爭之后馬上花費大量的錢去和當?shù)厝舜蛘?。如果你認為他們會把整個北美西部都留給當?shù)厝?，我建議你看看加拿大的邊界。他們想要的是在恰當?shù)臅r間來找出一種方法，讓這種擴張有利于英國，而不是殖民者。

Stephen Fretz
Yeah, in the 1770s most people thought slavery was on the way out and would die a natural death.The cotton gin would totally change the economics of slavery, but it was still in the future.

是的，在18世紀70年代，大多數(shù)人認為奴隸制即將被廢除，會自然消亡。軋棉機將徹底改變奴隸制的經(jīng)濟狀況，但（廢除奴隸制）仍是未來的事。

Walter Vaughan
For the South. Growing sugarcane in Jamaica was still run by slaves very profitably. I suppose the UK kept slavery in India?

對于南方來說，在牙買加的甘蔗仍由奴隸種植，獲利頗多。我猜英國在印度保留了奴隸制？

Martyn Homatopoulos
That's not how things go. Slavery was not an issue for the American independence especially since in all of the colonies (not just the 13 that broke away but every one of them) slavery was legal.

事情不是這樣的。奴隸制對美國獨立來說并不是一個問題，尤其是在所有的殖民地（不僅僅是脫離聯(lián)邦的13個殖民地，而是每一個殖民地），奴隸制都是合法的。

Michael Rudkin
In 1759 the British army defeated the French at Quebec thus kicking the French state out of Canada. The victor was Major General James Wolfe, probably our best general ‘between’ Marlborough and Wellington. Sadly he died at Quebec . For a general he was very young ; by 1776 he would have been much more experienced than Cornwallis and co and would probably have been the most senior officer in the British army. Had he survived it is quite likely that he would have defeated the American revolutionary rabble . So an answer to the question is ‘if only someone else took that musket ball.’ ( I admit that I am biased as I live in Wolfe’s home town, Westerham and as I type this I am sitting about 20 yards from his statue.

1759年，英國軍隊在魁北克打敗了法國人，從而把法國趕出了加拿大。勝利者是詹姆斯·沃爾夫少將，他可能是馬爾伯勒和威靈頓最好的將軍。不幸的是，他死在魁北克。作為一個將軍，他還很年輕；直到1776年，他比康沃利斯和他的手下經(jīng)驗豐富得多，并可能成為英國軍隊中最高的軍官。如果他能活下來，很可能就會擊敗美國革命的烏合之眾。
所以，這個問題的答案是“如果有人拿走了那顆火槍子彈就好了。”我承認我有偏見，因為我住在沃爾夫的家鄉(xiāng)韋斯特漢姆，當我打字時，我坐在離他的雕像大約20碼的地方。

Steve Letherbarrow
Put an act through the British parliament legalising slavery in North America leaving them with no real reason to declare independence

讓英國議會通過一項法案，使北美的奴隸制合法化，讓他們沒有真正的理由宣布獨立。