一、簡答題

1柏拉圖正義本身為善

2洛克的實體是否可見

3從認(rèn)識對象的角度比較分析奧古斯丁光照說與阿奎那抽象理論

4康德的先天綜合判斷何以可能

二、論述題

（一）關(guān)于亞里士多德關(guān)于實體在第一性的層面上是個別的事物與一段認(rèn)為質(zhì)料不是完全意義上的實體的材料

根據(jù)材料回答

1這兩個材料分別是什么含義

2這樣的不同是基于什么理論而產(chǎn)生的

3為什么亞里士多德認(rèn)為質(zhì)料不是完全意義上的實體

（二）論述黑格爾主奴關(guān)系

兩段材料的文本分別為

材料一

Substance in the most proper sense of the word, that which is primarily and most of all called substance, is neither said of any subject, nor is it in any subject - for example, the individual man and the individual horse. (Aristotle, Categories, 2a11-14)

材料二

The subject is that of which the other things are said, but which is not itself in turn said of any other thing; hence we must first determine what it is, since the primary subject seems to be substance most of all...if we study it from this point of view, the result is that the matter is substance; but that is impossible. For being separable and being a this seem to belong to substance most of all; that is why the form and the <compound> of both <matter and form> would seem to be substance more than the matter is. (Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1028b35-1029a30)