????Yet it is?the masculine values that prevail. Speaking crudely, football?and sport are 'important'; the worship of fashion, the buying of?clothes 'trivial'. And these values are inevitably transferred?from life to fiction. This is an important book, the critic as sumes,?because it deals with war. This is an insignificant book?because it deals with the feelings of women in a drawing-room.

????但還是男性化的價(jià)值觀占主流。直白的說，足球和體育是"重要"的；對時(shí)尚的崇拜和買衣服是"無關(guān)緊要"的。這種價(jià)值觀必然會從生活滲透進(jìn)小說之中。批評家會說，這本書很重要，因?yàn)樗v的是戰(zhàn)爭。這本書不重要，因?yàn)樗v的是客廳里女人們的感情。

????So that I will only?pause here one moment to draw your attention to the great?part which must be played in that future so far as women are?concerned by physical conditions. The book has somehow to be?adapted to the body, and at a venture one would say that women's books should be shorter, more concentrated, than?those of men, and framed so that they do not need long hours?of steady and uninterrupted work. For interruptions there will?always be. Again, the nerves that feed the brain would seem to?differ in men and?women, and if you are going to make them?work their best and hardest, you must find out what treatment?suits them.

????所以我只稍微說上兩句，請大家注意，對將來的女性來說，物質(zhì)條件至關(guān)重要。書必須在某種程度上適應(yīng)人的身體條件，甚至可以草率地說，女性寫的書應(yīng)該比男性寫的書更短更緊湊，結(jié)構(gòu)要清晰，不用進(jìn)行長時(shí)間集中且不間斷的寫作。因?yàn)樗齻兛偸鞘艿礁蓴_。另外，男性和女性腦中輸送營養(yǎng)的神經(jīng)似乎構(gòu)造不同，如果要他們發(fā)揮出各自最好和最努力的狀態(tài)，就必須找到適合他們的方式。

????And as I watched?her lengthening out for the test, I saw, but hoped that she did?not see, the bishops and the deans, the doctors and the professors, the patriarchs and the?pedagogues all at her shouting?warning and advice. You can't do this and you shan't do that!?Fellows and scholars only allowed on the grass! Ladies not admitted without a letter of introduction! Aspiring and graceful?female novelists this way! So they kept at her like the crowd at?a fence on the racecourse, and it was her trial to take her fence?without looking to right or to left. If you stop to curse you are?lost, I said to her; equally, if you stop to laugh. Hesitate or?fumble and you are done for. Think only of the jump, I implored?her, as if I had put the whole of my money on her back; and she?went over it like a bird. But there was a fence beyond that and?a fence beyond that. Whether she had the staying power I was?doubtful, for the clapping and the crying were fraying to the?nerves. But she did her best.?Considering that Mary Carmi chael was no genius, but an unknown girl writing her first novel in a bed-sitting-room, without enough of those desirable?things, time, money and idleness, she did not do so badly, I thought.

????我看著她接受考驗(yàn)，我看到那些主教和院長，博士和教授，家長和教師大喊大叫，但希望她沒有聽到。他們都在警告和建議她：你不能做這個，你不該做那個！只有研究者和學(xué)者才能走上草坪！女性要有介紹信！胸懷大志的優(yōu)雅女性小說家走這邊！他們糾纏著她，像擠在賽馬場欄桿邊上的人群，她所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，就是能否忽略身邊的人，一心跨越自己的柵欄。我對她說，如果停下來咒罵，你就輸了；停下來笑，也是一樣。如果你猶豫，慌亂，你就完蛋了。我央求她，只管跳你的，仿佛我把所有錢都押在了她身上；她跨越了柵欄，輕盈得像只鳥兒。但是柵欄之后還有一道道柵欄。我懷疑她堅(jiān)持不下來，因?yàn)楣恼坪徒泻奥暥枷ブ木?。但她盡力了?？紤]到瑪麗·卡邁克爾不是天才，而是一位無名女子，在臥室兼起居室里寫出了自己的第一部小說，沒有足夠好的條件，時(shí)間，金錢和閑暇，我想，她已經(jīng)做得不錯了。

????There has been a meeting of academicians whose?object it is 'to develop the Italian novel'. 'Men famous by birth,?or in finance, industry or the Fascist corporations' came to gether the other day and discussed the matter, and a telegram?was sent to the Duce expressing the hope 'that the Fascist era?would soon give birth to a poet worthy of it'. We may all join in?that pious hope, but it is doubtful whether poetry can come of?an incubator. Poetry ought to have a mother as well as a father. The Fascist poem, one may fear, will be a horrid little abortion such as one sees in a glass jar in the museum of some?county town.

????學(xué)者們召開了一場會議，主題是“促進(jìn)意大利小說的發(fā)展”。那天出席的都是“貴族，金融界和工業(yè)界名流，或法西斯集團(tuán)名人”，他們討論該議題后，給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人發(fā)了一封電報(bào)，稱“法西斯時(shí)代很快就會催生一位不愧于這個時(shí)代的詩人”。我們大可以虔誠地相信，但詩歌可不是孵化器生得出來的。詩歌的誕生需要母親，也需要父親?？峙路ㄎ魉乖姼钑兂梢粋€可怕的夭折的胎兒，就像小縣城博物館里的藏品那樣，裝在一個玻璃瓶里展出。

????Since without some mixture of?the kind the intellect seems to predominate and the other faculties of the mind harden and become barren.

????因?yàn)橐粋€人的大腦中要是沒有這種融合，理智就會占了上風(fēng)，大腦的其他能力就會僵化，最后荒廢。

????

????It is fatal for anyone who?writes to think of their sex. It is fatal to be a man or woman?pure and simple; one must be woman-manly or man-womanly.

????對于自己性別的思考，是任何一個寫作者的致命傷。成為一個簡單純粹的男人或者女人，都是致命的。

????Some collaboration has to take place in the mind between the woman and the?man before the art of creation can be accomplished. Some marriage of opposites has to be consummated. The whole of the?mind must lie wide open if we are to get the sense that the?writer is communicating his experience with perfect fullness.?There must be freedom and there must be peace. Not a wheel?must grate, not a light glimmer. The curtains must be close?drawn.

????任何藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，都需要大腦中的男性和女性先達(dá)成某種合作。兩種對立的元素必須緊密結(jié)合。作家的大腦必須完全放開，我們才能感覺到他完整地表達(dá)出了自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。大腦必須自由，必須寧靜，沒有一個輪子嘎吱作響，沒有一星半點(diǎn)的光，窗簾必須拉嚴(yán)。

????Praise and blame alike?mean nothing. No, delightful as the pastime of measuring may?be, it is the most futile of all occupations, and to submit to the?decrees of the measurers the most servile of attitudes. So long?as you write what you wish to write, that is all that matters;?and whether it matters for ages or only for hours, nobody can?say. But to sacrifice a hair of the head of your vision, a shade of?its colour, in deference to some Headmaster with a silver pot in?his hand or to some professor with a measuring-rod up his?sleeve, is the most abject treachery.

????贊美和批評一樣毫無意義。雖然衡量的過程可能是一種愉快的消遣，但卻是一項(xiàng)最徒勞的事業(yè)，屈服于衡量著的規(guī)則，是一種最為卑躬屈膝的態(tài)度。重要的是寫自己想寫的東西，至于它能存活好幾年還是僅僅幾個小時(shí)，沒有人能說清楚。但如果犧牲你一絲一毫的想象力，或抹去它一點(diǎn)一滴的色彩，對某個手里拿著銀獎杯的校長或袖中藏著標(biāo)尺的教授言聽計(jì)從，那就是一種最可悲的背叛。

????'The poor poet has?not in these days, nor has had for two hundred years, a dog's?chance… a poor child in England has little more hope than had?the son of an Athenian slave?to be emancipated into that intellectual freedom of which great writings are born.' That is it. Intellectual freedom depends upon material things. Poetry depends upon intellectual freedom.

????“無論是現(xiàn)在還是過去兩百年以來，貧窮的詩人都機(jī)會渺?！母F孩子就像雅典奴隸的兒子一樣，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)心智的解放和自由，很難催生出偉大的文字來?！本褪沁@樣。物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)決定心智的自由，心智的自由決定詩歌的誕生。