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文章講解：

①A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. ②Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects,?while?others saw themselves as landscape painters. ③That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. ④Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful?Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. ⑤Early mapmaking was considered art?while?modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. ⑥Alpers,?however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.

① 作者觀點

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② 觀點

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③?觀點

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④ 事實/觀點

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⑤大眾觀點???⑥觀點

文章信息矩陣：

aesthetic? ? ? ? ? technical

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 19th cart.

vis. eff.? ? ? ? ? ? ?technician

landscape

beautiful? ? ? ? ??

bf. 1800

beauty? ? ? ? ? ??

pre-techical

art? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? engineering

visual? ? ? ?? ? ? engineers

題型解析：

1. According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were?態(tài)度題

A. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understand their own work符合

B. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering?相反，17世紀(jì)并無區(qū)分，dependent無從談起

C. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questionsof mapmaking相反，如果不關(guān)注就不會有beautiful paradigm這一說了

D. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1800?相反，肯定在意到了

E. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after?1800?相反，兩者之間是divide?/?也可以是沒有證據(jù)

?

2. It can be?inferred?from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartography 間接細節(jié)，時間點前后取反

A. placed greater emphasis on the?beauty?of maps made after 1800 相反

B. expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800?符合

C. grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers?prior to 1800?conceived?[劍1]?of their work對制圖者理解自己作品的方式更加敏感，沒有證據(jù)/相反

D. came to see the?visual details?of maps as?aesthetic?objectsrather than practical cartographic aids沒有visual details相關(guān)證據(jù)/?相反

E. reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking?相反

?[劍1]設(shè)想，考慮