牧游社 牧有漢化翻譯

Dev Diary #37 – Market Expansion

PDJR_Alastorn, QA Manager - PDS Red - Victoria 3 and CK3

Hi I'm Paul "PDJR_Alastorn" Depre - member of the QA team on Victoria 3. I've been asked to write about market expansion in Victoria 3 and how that can be done through the mechanics of a customs union. Apparently my credentials speak for themselves:

你好，我是Paul “PDJR_Alastorn” Depre——維多利亞3的QA團(tuán)隊成員。我被要求寫關(guān)于維多利亞3的市場擴(kuò)張，以及如何通過關(guān)稅同盟的機(jī)制來實現(xiàn)。顯然，我的資歷不言自明。

Have you ever had that day where multiple coworkers message you simultaneously to let you know you've become a meme by way of the Victoria 3 fanbase?

你有沒有過這樣的一天，好多同事同時給你發(fā)信息，告訴你已經(jīng)在維多利亞3的粉絲中成為了一個梗？

So as you have no doubt seen in screenshots, dev diaries, after action reports, and the like, in Victoria 3 we have introduced the concept of a customs union but we’ve yet to truly go into detail about what they actually entail as a means of market expansion. [See Previous Dev Diaries]. That's why I am here today, in no small part because I find the customs union one of the more interesting mechanics of Victoria 3 compared to its previous iterations such as Spheres of Influence, which after saying that I hope it doesn't set your expectations too high but I guess it's on me to try and explain why I feel that way. Alright, no pressure then.

正如你在截圖、開發(fā)日志、試玩戰(zhàn)報等方面所看到的，在維多利亞3中，我們引入了關(guān)稅同盟Customs Union的概念，但我們還沒有真正深入它作為市場擴(kuò)張手段的實際內(nèi)容。[見以前的開發(fā)日志#9]，而這就是我今天要介紹的。在很大程度上我發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)稅同盟是維多利亞3中比勢力范圍等更有意思的機(jī)制。我希望這不會讓你的期望值過高，但我想我要解釋我為什么這么想。好吧，這樣就沒有壓力了。

So, what exactly is a customs union and how does it relate to market expansion? Before I explain it mechanically, I would like to define the concept both conceptually and historically so we are all starting with a similar frame of reference. Promise me you will continue reading till the mechanical explanation before you make assumptions based on obscure historical examples? Good, then let's go forth.

那么，關(guān)稅同盟到底是什么，它與市場擴(kuò)張有什么關(guān)系？在我開始解釋機(jī)制之前，我想從概念上和歷史上定義這個概念，這樣我們就可以從一個類似的參考框架開始。答應(yīng)我，在根據(jù)晦澀的歷史例子做出假設(shè)之前，你會繼續(xù)閱讀，直到機(jī)制方面的解釋為止。很好，那我們就繼續(xù)吧。

A customs union, and I am literally pulling the definition from Wikipedia here folks, is generally understood to be a trade bloc or arrangement among nations. It is most commonly known as a free trade area with a common external tariff, or common external tariff policy. The bonds of a custom union are at the very least economical, they exist for the purposes of increasing trade, economic co-dependence, and mutual benefit that comes from such and can lead to closer political and cultural ties between countries. They do not necessitate a political union though they are certainly seen through history as the stepping stones towards such.

關(guān)稅同盟，按照我從維基百科上摘取的定義，通常被理解為國家間的貿(mào)易集團(tuán)或約定。最常見的是具有共同對外關(guān)稅的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，或有共同對外關(guān)稅政策。關(guān)稅同盟成員之間的紐帶至少是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，它們存在的目的是增加貿(mào)易，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的共同依賴，以及由此產(chǎn)生的互利，并能帶來國家之間更緊密的政治和文化聯(lián)系。它們不一定是政治聯(lián)盟，盡管在歷史上它們肯定被看作是走向政治聯(lián)盟的第一步。

One of the more well known, at least to the Vicky fanbase, is the Zollverein which helped further facilitate the unification of Germany but by no means was the sole deciding factor of that movement. The European Union, it can be argued, started off as merely the European Coal and Steel Community, which was a more restricted definition of a customs union but certainly counts in my eyes. Whether or not the North American Free Trade Agreement counts as a customs union is up for debate. While trade agreements regularly cover similar topics of tariff and economic co-dependence they are usually of a smaller scope and scale. Ultimately the economics of it is tricky, because it involves politics and what defines a union vs an agreement is not always a coherent 1:1 and before I get into explaining all the counterarguments of historical note, let's actually talk about the game some now, shall we?

其中一個比較知名的關(guān)稅同盟，至少對維多利亞的粉絲們來說，就是有助于進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)德國統(tǒng)一的（德意志）關(guān)稅同盟Zollverein，不過這一同盟并不是決定德國統(tǒng)一的唯一因素。也有人會說，歐盟也是個關(guān)稅同盟，盡管其一開始也僅僅是“歐洲煤鋼共同體”——對關(guān)稅同盟的一個更有限的定義，但在我眼里肯定也算。北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定是否算作關(guān)稅同盟還有待商榷。因為貿(mào)易協(xié)定雖然經(jīng)常涉及關(guān)稅和經(jīng)濟(jì)共同依賴等與關(guān)稅同盟類似的話題，但它們的范圍和規(guī)模通常較小。歸根結(jié)底，從經(jīng)濟(jì)方面來解釋它是很棘手的，因為它涉及到政治，而且對關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟還是關(guān)稅協(xié)議的定義并不總是涇渭分明的。在我開始解釋所有歷史上的反駁的觀點之前，讓我們先真正地談?wù)撘恍┯螒騼?nèi)容，好嗎？

The Zollverein represented at game start.

德意志關(guān)稅同盟在游戲一開始時的面貌。

Within the scope of Victoria 3, a custom's union is a bilateral agreement between two nations where one nation agrees to subject its national market to another and to be absorbed into an economic union. This means that it's a diplomatic action, a.k.a. something another nation has to agree to as a customs union alone is not something that is normally able to be forced upon another nation. A customs union is not limited to only two partners, other nations may make themselves subject to the senior partner alongside other participant junior nations but a customs union can have only one senior member in control of the union.

在維多利亞3中，關(guān)稅同盟是兩個國家之間的雙邊協(xié)議，其中一個國家同意將其國家市場附屬于另一個國家之下，并被吸收到一個經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟中。這意味著這是一種外交行為，也就是必須要有另一個國家同意的事情，因為關(guān)稅同盟本身并不是通常能夠強(qiáng)加給另一個國家的東西。關(guān)稅同盟并不局限于兩個國家，其他國家可以與其他參與的附屬國家一起附屬于主導(dǎo)成員，但一個關(guān)稅同盟只能有一個主導(dǎo)成員來控制這個同盟。

A peaceful endeavor of France to assist Sardinia-Piedmont, not at all the beginnings of Hegemony in Italy.

法國對撒丁-皮埃蒙特進(jìn)行援助的和平舉措，但這絕對不是在意大利建立霸權(quán)的開始。

Slight variance to the above statement is possible, custom unions can be forced through by utilizing obligations by the previously owed country. This will only allow the diplomatic action to take place despite the nation's disposition to say no, it should not be able to supersede any other limitations possible in the game. Thus it's entirely possible as a larger power to go, "you want me to pay off your debt? Sure, I'll do it for a favor" and then force the unsuspecting debtor country into its market. Always be aware of the small text written into your diplomatic dealings!

與上述表述稍有不同的是，關(guān)稅同盟可以通過利用以前欠下的國家義務(wù)來強(qiáng)制通過。不過這只能通過外交實現(xiàn)（雖然該國家想要拒絕），而且它也不會繞過游戲中其它任何可能的限制。因此，作為一個大國，你完全可以說：“你想讓我償還你的債務(wù)？沒問題，我可以幫你這個忙”，然后強(qiáng)迫毫無戒心的債務(wù)國進(jìn)入其市場。要時刻注意寫在外交條款中的小字！

Customs unions themselves cannot be forced through war but they can be forced as a result of other diplomatic entanglements. Certain subject relationships come with the implicit expectations of joining the shared market of their overlord but they also come with other strings attached. [See Subjects Dev Diary]

關(guān)稅同盟本身不能通過戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)迫加入，但可以作為其他外交關(guān)系的結(jié)果而迫使一國加入。附庸關(guān)系隱含著加入其宗主國共同市場的期望，但它們也伴隨著其他附加條件[見開發(fā)日志#20]。

What allows a customs union to exist? That is dependent upon the trade policy of the participant nations, not all domestic laws allow for a nation to partake in a customs union (though most will alongside various other trade changes). Trade will be coming with a future dev diary so I will not be going into detail about that here, apologies.

是什么允許關(guān)稅同盟的存在？這取決于參與國的貿(mào)易政策，并不是所有國家法律都允許一個國家參加關(guān)稅同盟（盡管大多數(shù)國家會與根據(jù)貿(mào)易其它方面的變化而變化）。貿(mào)易將在未來的開發(fā)日志中介紹，所以我不會在這里詳細(xì)討論這個問題，請原諒。

But assuming that two nations both have trade policies that would allow them to do so, that's all that's needed to form a custom's union? Well… no, economic unions of such are not simple agreements to be engaged in and reneged upon on a whim with anyone in particular. They have some more base level requirements.

但是，假設(shè)兩個國家的貿(mào)易政策都允許他們成立關(guān)稅同盟，就可以成立關(guān)稅同盟了嗎？嗯……不，經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟不是這樣簡單的協(xié)議，可以隨心所欲地與任何人簽訂或毀約。它們有一些更基本的要求。

The two nations (or more specifically the junior partner in question and the senior partner overseeing the market) must have neutral or positive relations to conduct this action. A nation who sees you in an antagonistic light as you are attempting to wipe them off the map isn't going to give you access to its market willingly. Two nations that are trying to wipe each other off the map can both be junior partners in the same customs union led by another nation, just expect all the market disruption that would come with such chaotic developments if it's your frustration to handle as the overseeing power.

這兩個國家（或更確切地說，相關(guān)的從屬成員和監(jiān)督市場的主導(dǎo)成員）必須有中立或積極的關(guān)系來締結(jié)關(guān)稅同盟。一個國家如果以敵對的眼光看待你，因為你正試圖將他們從地圖上抹去，那么他就不會心甘情愿地讓你進(jìn)入其市場。兩個試圖把對方從地圖上抹去的國家可以同時成為第三個國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的同一個關(guān)稅同盟的從屬成員。只是如果作為監(jiān)督者的是你，你將會對這種事情感到沮喪，因為可以預(yù)料到這種混亂的發(fā)展所帶來的市場干擾。

A senior member of a customs union must not be a subject of the junior partner or be a junior partner in another customs union. I'm not sure how the more lowly powers might feel about the matter, but the national prestige of this great power will not be subject to any Bavarian market. They must bow to Lubeck or there is no deal! AI considerations such as the requirements of port connection to facilitate market access, comparative GDP, rank, infamy and other diplomatic considerations are taken into account when accepting or proposing this relationship.

一個關(guān)稅同盟的主導(dǎo)成員不得是從屬成員的附庸，也不得是另一個關(guān)稅同盟的從屬成員。我不知道更低級的國家對此事會有何感想，但列強(qiáng)的自尊不會允許他依附于任何巴伐利亞的市場。他們必須向呂貝克低頭，要么沒得商量！在接受或提出關(guān)稅同盟時，AI會考慮的因素有港口連接促進(jìn)市場接入、相對GDP、國家等級、聲望和其它外交考慮。

You are given the breakdown as to why the AI may not be so willing to join your Customs Union. And you can seek to overcome these differences peacefully.

你能獲知AI可能不愿加入你的關(guān)稅同盟的具體數(shù)值分解，也能尋求以和平的方式克服這些差值。

As well, this relationship is not a one and done, it must be maintained and this is seen both in an influence upkeep by the senior partner per junior member (as they hold the prestige of it being their market and policies which take priority) but a relations upkeep by all partners and the senior member lest they be booted from the union.

同樣，這種關(guān)系不是一錘子買賣，需要被維持。主導(dǎo)成員需要根據(jù)從屬成員的數(shù)量消耗影響力維護(hù)（因為他們擁有市場所有權(quán)和政策優(yōu)先權(quán)的威望），而所有主導(dǎo)成員和從屬成員都需要外交維護(hù)費，以防被聯(lián)盟踢出。

When a Customs Union can no longer be maintained (due to a variety of reasons) you will get a notification update that you can click for more information.

當(dāng)一個關(guān)稅同盟不能被維持（可能有很多原因），你會收到更新消息，點擊即可獲取更多信息。

In the end what does "subjecting themselves to the senior partners market" mean? For all intents and purposes it means that the national market of the junior partner no longer exists - they are part of the senior partners market, so all goods produced, bought and sold are done so within the confines of that new national market. This can mean many things and depending on the relative disparities of your previously independent markets, prices can shift towards a new equilibrium as supply and demand internally change to reflect this. Businesses will revisit their input costs and subsequently adjust their labor cost if necessary. You may see some industries boom and others start running on their reserves, hoping for trends to change before they shut their doors entirely, unable to compete with those industrialists in the far-off city.

“從屬于主導(dǎo)者的市場”究竟是什么意思？這實際上意味著，從屬成員的國家市場不再存在——他們已經(jīng)是主導(dǎo)者市場的一部分，所以任何生產(chǎn)、買入、賣出的商品都是在新的國家市場的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的。這可能意味著很多事情，取決于共同市場和之前獨立國家市場的差異，價格隨著內(nèi)部供需的變化會達(dá)到新的平衡。企業(yè)會重新考察投入成本，并在必要時調(diào)整人力成本。你也許能看到一些行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，另一些則開始動用儲備金，希望在完全關(guān)門之前形勢會有所變化，否則他們將無法與遙遠(yuǎn)城市的工廠主相抗衡。

Any trade routes you might have had as a junior partner may be disrupted, you are not barred from trading outright as a junior member of the union but since it's no longer your national market you will have to engage in a few extra steps to take part in such. This is something we will go into more detail within a future dev diary so it will be simple statements at the moment, apologies again.

從屬成員曾擁有的任何貿(mào)易路線都可能會中斷，你不會被完全禁止貿(mào)易，但既然這已不再是你的國家市場，你需要一些額外的步驟才能參與其中。這會在將來的某一篇開發(fā)日志中進(jìn)行介紹，所以當(dāng)前只能進(jìn)行一些簡短的陳述，再次道歉。

For internal trade, market access will now be calculated based on infrastructure usage in the recipient state and whether it has a connection to the market capital of the senior member. If you cannot connect the routes by land then ports will need to be staffed and supplied to provide such connections. If you are the senior partner and you've found with the addition of new members they are struggling to connect to your market capital, you can always consider shifting the center of your market elsewhere to better accommodate all members.

對于內(nèi)部貿(mào)易，市場接入現(xiàn)在依據(jù)接受地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及當(dāng)?shù)厥欠窈椭鲗?dǎo)成員的市場首都相連來計算。如果你無法以陸路連接路線，則需要給港口提供人員和補(bǔ)給來進(jìn)行連接。如果你是主導(dǎo)成員，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)新的成員難以連接到你的市場首都，你總是能考慮把市場的中心移動到其他地方，惠及所有成員。

Lower Canada has difficulty connecting to the British Market due to the shipping requirements for such connections to the Market Capital back in London.

下加拿大和不列顛市場的連接很艱難，因為回到倫敦的市場首都需要航運(yùn)。

Domestically you will still be able to tax and encourage specific goods and services and their consumption, but your ability to embargo or take tariffs on goods coming into the market will depend on your relationship within the customs union… but I am getting ahead of myself - more on that in a future development diary so please be patient on that front.

在本國對特定商品和服務(wù)及其消費征稅或進(jìn)行支持仍是可能的，但你對進(jìn)入市場的商品實施禁運(yùn)或征收關(guān)稅的能力將取決于你在關(guān)稅同盟內(nèi)的關(guān)系……但我說得有點太早了——未來的開發(fā)日志會有更多這方面的內(nèi)容，所以請耐心等待。

So what are the benefits of expanding your market by customs union? Why not just gobble up the territory by forcing someone to be your vassal or taking them under your direct authority?

那么通過關(guān)稅同盟擴(kuò)大市場有什么好處？為什么不以強(qiáng)迫附庸或直接吞并的方式擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土？

If you were to take the territory, well you might have to do so militarily if the nation is unwilling to come along willingly. If that is the case then it's going to be a national expenditure to mobilize and supply your armed forces, you're certainly going to take some infamy on the world stage, you might even lose the conflict depending on who gets involved. What if you need to concede part of the market to another nation to assist you - what if it's the resources you really wanted yourself. Even in the winning scenario you end up with a bunch of pops in a devastated landscape, radicalizing and potentially discriminated against in your larger empire - all you wanted was some coal, was that cost worth it? Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn't.

如果你想要獲取領(lǐng)土而其他國家不愿如此，你可能需要采取軍事手段。若是如此，動員和軍隊補(bǔ)給都將成為國家支出。你當(dāng)然會世界舞臺上留下惡名，甚至，取決于涉及的國家，輸?shù)暨@場沖突。如果你不得不用部分市場換取其他國家的幫助該怎么辦？如果這是你自己真正想要的資源怎么辦？即使獲勝，你最終也獲取了荒廢土地上的一群人口，他們很激進(jìn)，且在你的大帝國中受到潛在歧視——而你想要的只是一些煤炭，這一切值得嗎？有時是，有時不是。

All of these factors affecting the state are related to each other. Devastation of a war means not only turmoil for the pops but that infrastructure is getting damaged which means goods are not flowing to and from the market efficiently and standard of living is suffering as a result.

所有這些影響地區(qū)的因素都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。戰(zhàn)爭的破壞不僅意味著人口的動蕩，還有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的破壞，這意味著商品無法有效地流入和流出市場，生活水平因此受到影響。

The benefits of the customs union are many but they can also be a double edged sword - it's not guaranteed to be beneficial and it's much more in the lines of choosing which problems you wish to face as is much of the way with Victoria 3.

關(guān)稅同盟的好處很多，但也可能是一把雙刃劍——它并不能保證一定帶來正收益。它更多地在于選擇你希望面對的問題，就和維多利亞 3的設(shè)計思路一樣。

A benefit of a customs union is that it decreases "relative transportation costs" compared to sticking to trading more manually among markets. You may not need to keep trade routes active though you may still need to utilize convoys for market connections. Instead of moving a more limited amount of goods between two markets you have the sum total of to markets buy orders and sell orders interacting. This may be very welcoming to some as it means less intensive micromanagement of their national economy and allows them to more natural growth of their industries. This also means the potential degradation if not dismissal of your transportation industry that fuels the trade sector of your economy, which also has implications. Which one is more beneficial to you ultimately depends on what you are trying to do, the size of your nation, and what you can afford.

關(guān)稅同盟的一個好處是，與繼續(xù)在市場間進(jìn)行手動交易相比，它降低了“相對運(yùn)輸成本”。雖然你不再需要激活貿(mào)易路線，但你仍需利用船隊連接市場。不用繼續(xù)在兩個市場之間移動數(shù)量更有限的商品， 你能讓市場里所有的買單和賣單互相作用。有些人可能歡迎這一變化，因為這意味著對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的微觀管理變得更少，而且可以讓他們更自然地發(fā)展工業(yè)。但這也意味著潛在的衰退，如果不解散刺激貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)輸行業(yè)，但解散也會帶來影響。哪一個對你更有利最終取決于你想要做什么，國家的規(guī)模如何，以及能負(fù)擔(dān)什么。

A customs union means both increased goods accessibility and sales accessibility - for example you can trade with Prussia for your much needed coal as Lubeck (as you’ve seen me do in previous AARs) but trade is fickle, subject to changing winds of national priority, diplomatic scuffles, and possibly embargoes. Embedding yourself into the national economy of another gives you more concrete access to those goods and sales potential, but it also means they have access to your national economy with relatively less barriers. In the Lubeck AAR we turned the competitive advantage of our national industry focused on tools and shipping to further turn a profit in the larger Prussian market at the cost of less productive industries. Because we were able to keep the standard of living high and a Prussia devastated by revolt did not look as Appealing (as it's never one single factor that determines these things) we profited further both monetarily and through migration.

關(guān)稅同盟意味著同時增加商品生產(chǎn)和消費的接入——舉個例子，作為呂貝克你能和普魯士交易你急需的煤炭（就像你看我之前在戰(zhàn)報里做的那樣），但貿(mào)易是變化無常的，它受制于國家優(yōu)先事項變化的風(fēng)向、外交沖突，可能還有禁運(yùn)。將自己融入他國的經(jīng)濟(jì)之中，可以讓你更輕易地獲得那些商品和消費潛力，但這也意味著他們可以相對較少的阻礙接入你的國家經(jīng)濟(jì)。在呂貝克戰(zhàn)報中，我們將本國工業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢集中在工具和航運(yùn)上，以犧牲生產(chǎn)力較低的行業(yè)為代價，在更大的普魯士市場上進(jìn)一步獲利。因為我們能夠保持較高的生活水平，而被叛亂摧毀的普魯士看起來并不吸引人（因為決定這些事項的都不是單一因素），所以我們通過金錢和移民來進(jìn)一步獲利。

附：呂貝克戰(zhàn)報

https://old.**********/r/victoria3/comments/sigart/lubeck_aar_part_1_political_parties_confirmed/

Shipyard profits which were flagging within Lubeck see growth (and hopefully future profit) when being sold on the greater Prussian Market.

當(dāng)在大普魯士市場上出售時，在呂貝克內(nèi)業(yè)績不佳的船塢看到了利潤增長（以及對將來收益的希望）。

As Greece (the most recent AAR) we joined the British Market with neither a stable standard of living nor a competitive advantage in any particular industry to carve our niche, thus our prices fell drastically and wages inflated as pops moved elsewhere to greener lands in the far British Empire. Could we have been successful as Greece? Certainly, the problems there are not guaranteed but we clearly moved into that market too soon with no clear plan to take advantage of it and thus we were the one's being taken advantage of.

作為希臘（在最近的戰(zhàn)報中），我們加入了英國的市場，但卻既沒有穩(wěn)定的生活水平，也沒有某些工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的競爭優(yōu)勢，無法在市場中獲得一席之地，因此我們的價格迅速下跌，工資也開始上漲，而pop就搬到遠(yuǎn)方大英帝國的好地方去了。我們作為希臘能做得更好嗎？當(dāng)然可以，雖然到底哪里出了問題不好說，但是我們顯然過早進(jìn)入了那個市場，缺少利用它的清晰計劃，結(jié)果我們反過來成了被利用的一方。

附：希臘戰(zhàn)報

https://old.**********/r/victoria3/comments/t1auv3/greece_aar_part_1/

Greece, after joining the British Market sees its pops migrate to sunnier shores, well at least more economically thriving shores.

在加入了英國的市場之后，希臘的pop就開始移民到陽光更加燦爛的地方了，好吧，至少是經(jīng)濟(jì)上更加繁榮的地方。

The price and standard of living differences across customs unions can have an effect on your (and other partners) populations and whether or not they choose to migrate. There is a clear advantage here if you are a relatively prosperous nation either with a good standard of living or just the law of large numbers on your side that you will see a population growth due expanding a market with a customs union. More pops is usually good, but let me make the argument that in some cases having migration away from your country can also be good in the case of a customs union.

關(guān)稅同盟內(nèi)部的價格和生活水平的差異會影響你（和其他成員國）的人口，以及他們是否會選擇移民。如果你是一個比較繁榮的國家，而且有著比較高的生活水平，或者大數(shù)定律站在你這一邊，你就會看到隨著你用關(guān)稅同盟擴(kuò)張市場，人口也會隨之增加。更多的pop一般來說是件好事，但是容我說一下，有時候在關(guān)稅同盟內(nèi)，讓人口移民離開你的國家也可以是一件好事。

Let's say you are a multiethnic empire, and some of your pops are a little uppity with the ideas of nationalism and their own independence, thoughts that don't really sit well with your own as they jeopardize the stability of the empire as a whole. You can discriminate, repress, put in police and security forces to try and keep things under control - but that's expensive. It's even harder to maintain when there is the homeland state these pops yearn to join on their border. What… What if you brought that neighboring country (through agreement or force) into your custom's union? Sure your hinterlands may have a population migration to their homeland but you no longer have an insurrectionary problem to deal with. As opposed to them just mass migrating away to another country and/or market, you can have them stay within your economic borders if not exactly your national borders, thus keeping all the production and consumption benefits of the pops with relatively less insurrectionary costs.

比方說你是個多族群帝國，而你的一些Pop對于民族主義和他們的獨立性這些概念非常在意，這些思想對你來說實在不太好，因為它們可能會危害整個帝國的穩(wěn)定性。你可以搞區(qū)別對待，鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂，出動警察和安全部隊去控制事態(tài)——但那就太貴了。特別是這些Pop在邊境線另一邊還有朝思暮想的祖國的時候，就更難控制了。但是，如果你把這個鄰國（通過協(xié)約或強(qiáng)力手段）弄到你的關(guān)稅同盟內(nèi)呢？當(dāng)然你的腹地可能會有人移民到他們的祖國去，但你就不用處理反叛的問題了。比起讓他們大規(guī)模移民到另一個國家或市場里去，你可以讓他們留在你的經(jīng)濟(jì)邊境線內(nèi)，雖然就不在國境線里邊了，但這能以相對較小的鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂花費得到Pop在生產(chǎn)和消費上的益處。

Now that is a very cherry-picked example, but ultimately not all migration seen through a customs union is bad - even as a small nation willingly allowing migration of your poorer population within can allow you to refocus your economy (economic policies willing) and potentially attract them back post reform. A custom union allows such plays to be one's where you don't have an immediate zero-sum loss and can pull such pops or new ones back to your nation.

這當(dāng)然是一個專門摘出來的好例子了，但到最后并不是通過關(guān)稅同盟移民出去就不好——哪怕是一個愿意允許你比較貧窮的人口移民過去的小國，也可以讓你改變的你的經(jīng)濟(jì)重點（經(jīng)濟(jì)政策允許的話），然后還可以再通過改革吸引他們回來。一個關(guān)稅同盟允許玩家在建立完之后沒有立即發(fā)生零和損失，還可以把移民出去的和新的人吸引到你的國家來。

And before I digress into every other mechanics I would like to cover the most important "why would I allow myself to be subjected as a minor nation within a customs union, when it's clearly not advantageous to me" scenario. Well it certainly beats the alternative of getting wiped off the map or subjected further doesn't it? Thinking in a realpolitik sense, if you are a small or middling state and you don't want to have your domestic resources gobbled up by a larger power, but you don't have a way to protect yourself without submitting to another power, the only way to succeed is to submit partially. Now you could take the diplomatic route and step under the larger power as a suzerain in some way, some of these may necessitate a customs union regardless. They also can necessitate a loss of your diplomatic potential as an independent entity, that might not be a prefered option on your end. Submitting to a customs union willingly might not be the most advantageous of your choices, but tying your economy to theirs might be a way to maintain some distance from an inevitable political union. Potentially you could turn this to your advantage and maintain a separate diplomatic policy because of such integration. In the AAR as Lubeck we submitted to the Prussian customs union because it was a way to guarantee the AI would not easily turn towards us as a means of expansion and hopefully if we tied our economies close enough together they would not seek to interfere in our affairs, lest we bring the institutions to a halt.

在我跑題到所有其他的機(jī)制之前，我想說一下最重要的一個情況：“為什么我作為一個小國，要被吸納到關(guān)稅同盟里，這顯然對我沒啥好處啊”。好吧，這總比從地圖上抹掉或者被進(jìn)一步附庸強(qiáng)吧？從現(xiàn)實政治的角度來看，如果你是一個中小國家，你肯定不想讓你的國內(nèi)資源被更大的勢力拿走，但你也沒有除了投靠另一個勢力以外的自保方法，那么唯一的方法就是部分屈服了?，F(xiàn)在你去用外交手段，投靠某個更大的勢力，讓他們以某種方式當(dāng)你的宗主國，有些選項到頭來還是要讓你加入關(guān)稅同盟。這也可能讓你損失一個獨立實體的外交能力，所以對你來說不是什么好的選項。主動加入一個關(guān)稅同盟或許不是對你最有利的選擇，但是把你的經(jīng)濟(jì)和他們的綁定在一起或許是和不可避免的政治同盟保持一些距離的最佳方式。你也有潛在的可能性利用這種經(jīng)濟(jì)整合來維持獨立的外交政策。在呂貝克的戰(zhàn)報中，我們屈服于普魯士關(guān)稅同盟，因為這是一種確保AI不會輕易把擴(kuò)張的矛頭對準(zhǔn)我們的方法，如果我們將經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密綁定在一起，就有希望讓他們不干涉我們的內(nèi)部事務(wù)，以免我們讓機(jī)構(gòu)停滯下來。

And in closing, that's a smattering of the potential that market expansion through a customs union can have. I could probably no doubt talk on this point further, until release potentially but I sadly have some forum limit or another about how long this post can be. I look forward to hearing your ideas and feedback on this topic in the various channels. Even more, I look forward to seeing how you all take this feature and play with it in the future when the game releases.

差不多該收尾了，這就是通過關(guān)稅同盟擴(kuò)張市場能做的事情的一小部分。我當(dāng)然可以進(jìn)一步講講這個事，說不定能講到發(fā)售，但是我不幸受到了論壇某種關(guān)于帖子長度的限制。我很期待在各個渠道上聽一聽這個話題上你們的想法和反饋。我也會非常期待看到將來在游戲發(fā)售之后，你們會怎么看待和游玩這個特性。

And with that I would like to take a moment to address the elephant economics degree in the room. Never did I think that uttering those words before my introduction would come to be the meme it is today, but regardless of that, I would like to all correct you that the phrase "did you know Paul Depre the QA Lead on Victoria 3 has a degree in economics?" is no longer technically correct and has not been for some time as I have taken over the role of QA Manager on PDS Red. I am still heavily involved with Victoria 3, assisting in the onboarding of the new QA lead, giving input and the such. Just now I am making sure that not only does the game have a good level of quality, but that the QA team has what it needs to ensure that for release and onwards.

話說到這里，我要花點時間說一下房間里的大象，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)位。我從沒想過在自我介紹之前這就變成了一個梗，但不論如何，我要糾正一下你們的表述，“你知道嗎，Paul Depre，維多利亞3的QA領(lǐng)隊，他有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)學(xué)位”這個說法，技術(shù)上并不正確，畢竟我接任PDS Red的QA主管（而不是維多利亞3的）已經(jīng)有一段時間了。我現(xiàn)在主要參與維多利亞3的相關(guān)事務(wù)，幫助引導(dǎo)新的QA領(lǐng)隊，提供一些信息之類的?，F(xiàn)在我不僅要確保游戲有著良好的品質(zhì)，也要讓QA團(tuán)隊有能確保游戲發(fā)行和之后也有良好品質(zhì)所需的東西。

The team "celebrated" this news in the best way they knew how - the loading text was updated almost immediately to be "more correct" so I could not ask for it to be removed as a bug.

團(tuán)隊以他們知道的最好方式“慶?！绷诉@則新聞——加載界面文本幾乎馬上改成了“更加正確”的版本，我都沒機(jī)會讓他們按照bug把這東西去掉。

And next week… is it me again with Trade Routes and Tariffs? Crap I better start writing. Wish me luck in trying to nail a "concise explanation" the second time around.

下一周……又是我來寫貿(mào)易路線Trade Routes和關(guān)稅Tariffs？淦，還是快點開始寫吧。希望這次我第二次寫東西時能搞定“清晰的描述”。

翻譯：鏗爾舍瑟 Yakuky AntiAccess

校對：三等文官猹中堂

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