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還是熟悉的味道(2021北京圓錐曲線)

2022-07-16 21:59 作者:數(shù)學老頑童  | 我要投稿

(2021北京,20)已知橢圓E%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7Ba%5E2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7By%5E2%7D%7Bb%5E2%7D%3D1a%3Eb%3E0)過點A%5Cleft(%200%2C-2%20%5Cright)%20,以四個頂點圍成的四邊形面積為4%5Csqrt%7B5%7D.

(1)求橢圓E的標準方程;

(2)過點P%5Cleft(%200%2C-3%20%5Cright)%20的直線l斜率為k,交橢圓E于不同的兩點B、C,直線ABACy%3D-3于點M、N,若%5Cleft%7C%20PM%20%5Cright%7C%2B%5Cleft%7C%20PN%20%5Cright%7C%5Cleqslant%2015,求k的取值范圍.


解:(1)由題可知b%3D2,

2a%5Ccdot%202b%5Ccdot%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%3D4%5Csqrt%7B5%7D

解得a%3D%5Csqrt%7B5%7D

故橢圓E的方程為%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7By%5E2%7D%7B4%7D%3D1.

(2)先畫圖

橢圓E的方程可改寫為

%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2-4y-4%7D%7B4%7D%3D1,

整理得

%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B4%7D-%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%3D0,

直線l的方程為y%3Dkx-3,

改寫為kx-%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%3D1,

聯(lián)立橢圓E與直線l,得

%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B4%7D-%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5Cleft%5B%20kx-%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5Cright%5D%20%3D0,

展開

%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%7D%7B4%7D-kx%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%3D0

并項

%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B5%7D-kx%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%2B%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B4%7D%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2%3D0,

各項同除以%5Cleft(%20y%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%5E2,得

%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7By%2B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%5E2-k%5Ccdot%20%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7By%2B2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B4%7D%3D0.

%5CvarDelta%20%3Dk%5E2-4%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B5%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B4%7D%3Dk%5E2-1%3E%200,

k%3C%20-1k%3E1.


k_%7BAB%7D%3Dk_%7BAM%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B-2-%5Cleft(%20-3%20%5Cright)%7D%7B0-x_M%7D%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx_M%7D,

x_M%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAB%7D%7D

同理x_N%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAC%7D%7D,所以

%5Cbegin%7Baligned%7D%0A%09%5Cleft%7C%20PM%20%5Cright%7C%2B%5Cleft%7C%20PN%20%5Cright%7C%26%3D%5Cleft%7C%20x_M%20%5Cright%7C%2B%5Cleft%7C%20x_N%20%5Cright%7C%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAB%7D%7D%20%5Cright%7C%2B%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAC%7D%7D%20%5Cright%7C%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cleft%7C%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAB%7D%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk_%7BAC%7D%7D%20%5Cright%7C%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D%5Cleft%7C%205k%20%5Cright%7C%5C%5C%0A%09%26%3D5%5Cleft%7C%20k%20%5Cright%7C%5Cleqslant%2015%5C%5C%0A%5Cend%7Baligned%7D

所以-3%5Cleqslant%20k%5Cleqslant%203,

綜上所述:k%5Cin%20%5Cleft%5B%20-3%2C-1%20%5Cright)%20%5Ccup%20%5Cleft(%201%2C3%20%5Cright%5D%20.

還是熟悉的味道(2021北京圓錐曲線)的評論 (共 條)

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