老白 | 過去將來4種時態(tài)

1??過去將來

過去將來時：would / should do

過去將來進行時：would / should be doing

過去將來完成時：would / should have done

過去將來完成進行時：would / should have been doing

It was six o'clock. The sun would soon set.

• 這時是六點鐘，太陽即將落山。

He asked me what l should be doing eight o'clock tomorrow.

• 他問我次日8點將正在做什么。（用于間接引語中）

l guessed that mom would have made so me sandwiches by the time we got back.

• 我猜我們回來時媽媽已經(jīng)做好一些三明治了。

l heard by July you'd have been teaching here for ten years.

• 我聽說到七月份，你就在這里教了10年書了。

一般將來時：be to +動詞原形

過去將來時：was / were to +動詞原形

lt was six o'clock. The sun was to set soon.

• 這時是六點鐘，太陽即將落山。

He promised that he was to help me.

• 他答應他會幫助我。

2??虛擬語氣

主要應用于have done結構的表達中

若表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，此時條件從句的謂語用過去完成時（had+過去分詞），而主句謂語則通常用過去將來完成時（would+have+過去分詞）

My father would have driven me to Shanghai, but we decided it would be quicker by train.

• 父親原本要開車送我去上海，但我們還是覺得坐火車更快。（最終沒開車去）

lf l had left sooner, I would have been on time.

• 要是我早點動身，我就準時到了。（但我動身太遲了）

主句謂語也可根據(jù)情況使用"should (could, might) +have+過去分詞”

若表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，主句謂語也可根據(jù)情況使用“should (could, might)+have+過去分詞”。

lf we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

• 要是我們當時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。（可惜我們找到他太晚了）

l should not have laughed if I had thought you were sericus.

• 如果我想到你是認真的，我就不會笑了。（事實是我笑得可歡了）

You should have reported them to the police.

• 你應當向警方控告他們的。（本應做但沒做，此情況人稱不限于I / we）

At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of thecar，because Tom's little boy was sitting beside him in front.（到此為事實）

If Tom's boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.

• 事故發(fā)生的時候，我坐在車子的后座，因為湯姆的小兒子坐在前邊他的身旁。要是湯姆的孩子沒坐在那里的話，我就會坐在前面了。

虛擬語氣：was / were to +have done

was / were to have done：用來表達預期會發(fā)生，但實際未發(fā)生的情況

The boat, which was to have taken them to the island, failed to arrive.

• 原本預計帶他們上島的船卻沒來。

l was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn't come.

在沒那么正式的語境中，be supposed to的用法比be to have done更自然

?l was supposed to help, but I was ill.

• (more natural than I was to have helped ...)
• 我當時應該幫忙，但是我生病了。