中英文稿

世界上每年有7百萬(wàn)的人 死于心臟病發(fā)作?而心血管疾病?能夠?qū)е滦呐K病發(fā)作和 其他問題，比如中風(fēng)?使其成為了世界第一大殺手?是什么導(dǎo)致了心臟病發(fā)作呢?像所有的肌肉一樣， 心臟也需要氧氣?但在心臟病發(fā)作的時(shí)候，它就會(huì)缺氧?脂肪堆積，或者斑塊?會(huì)出現(xiàn)在我們的冠狀動(dòng)脈壁上?這些血管能夠供應(yīng)含氧血液到心臟?這些斑塊會(huì)隨著我們的年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)?有時(shí)候變大?變硬?或者發(fā)炎?最終，斑塊會(huì)變成堵塞物?如果有一個(gè)斑塊斷裂或者破損?在其附近便會(huì)立即形成一個(gè)血塊?本來部分堵塞的動(dòng)脈就會(huì)完全堵塞?到心肌的血液供應(yīng)就會(huì)被切斷?在隨后的幾分鐘之內(nèi)， 缺氧的細(xì)胞就會(huì)開始死亡?這就是心肌梗塞?或者 心臟病發(fā)作?在得不到治療的情況下 病情就會(huì)迅速惡化?病發(fā)的心臟不能再供血?心跳可能失去節(jié)奏?最糟糕的情況是， 心臟病發(fā)作可以導(dǎo)致猝死?

那么怎樣才能知道 一個(gè)人是否心臟病發(fā)作了?最常見的癥狀是胸口痛?是心肌缺氧導(dǎo)致的?患者將其形容為牢牢的壓迫感?它可以蔓延到左臂?下顎?背部?活著腹部?但心臟病發(fā)作并不一定 像電影中那么夸張?一些人只是感到惡心?或呼吸急促?女性和長(zhǎng)者的癥狀或許更不明顯?他們也許只會(huì)感到無(wú)力和疲倦?出人意料的是，在一些人群中?特別是糖尿病患者， 由于疼痛神經(jīng)受到影響?心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)也許并不易察覺?如果你覺得某人心臟病正在發(fā)作?最重要是迅速應(yīng)對(duì)?如果有機(jī)會(huì)獲得緊急醫(yī)療服務(wù)， 就迅速聯(lián)系他們。?這是就醫(yī)的最快途徑?阿司匹林可稀釋血液?硝酸甘油則能擴(kuò)張動(dòng)脈?服用這些都可以緩解心臟病發(fā)作?在急救室，醫(yī)生可以診斷心臟病?通常用心電圖?來測(cè)量心電活動(dòng)?而驗(yàn)血可以測(cè)量心肌損傷?然后患者會(huì)使用先進(jìn)的心臟醫(yī)療設(shè)備?來定位心血管堵塞的位置?心內(nèi)科醫(yī)生可以用血管成形術(shù) （使用充氣氣球擴(kuò)張）?來擴(kuò)張阻塞的動(dòng)脈。?醫(yī)生通常還會(huì)植入金屬或聚合物支架?它能使心臟動(dòng)脈保持?jǐn)U張?嚴(yán)重血管堵塞則需要 進(jìn)行心臟搭橋手術(shù)?手術(shù)使用其他部位的動(dòng)脈或靜脈?來改變血液流通路徑?這些手術(shù)恢復(fù)了心肌的循環(huán)?恢復(fù)了心臟功能?心臟病治療在進(jìn)步?

但預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵?基因遺傳和生活方式影響都會(huì) 影響患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?好消息是你可以通過 改變生活方式降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?鍛煉，健康飲食，控制體重?都可以降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?無(wú)論你以前是否患過心臟病?醫(yī)生建議一周進(jìn)行多次鍛煉?包括有氧活動(dòng)和力量訓(xùn)練?健康飲食包括低糖和 低飽和脂肪?這些都與心臟病發(fā)作有關(guān)?那你應(yīng)該吃些什么呢?多吃蔬菜纖維，?雞肉和魚肉來取代紅肉?全谷物和堅(jiān)果，如核桃和杏仁?這些都是有益的?健康的飲食和鍛煉 可以令你保持健康的體重?能夠降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?當(dāng)然，藥物也可以防止心臟病發(fā)作?比如醫(yī)生通常會(huì)開 低劑量的阿司匹林?給已經(jīng)有過心臟病發(fā)作的人?或那些高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)群體?還有能夠減低其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素?比如高血壓，膽固醇和糖尿病的藥物?也能降低心臟病的發(fā)作幾率?心臟病發(fā)作也許很常見， 但并非不可避免?健康飲食?不抽煙?健身鍛煉?睡眠充足，開懷大笑?都可以讓你的心臟， 這塊人體最重要的肌肉?保持健康

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year,?and cardiovascular disease,?which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes,?is the world's leading killer.?So what causes a heart attack??Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen,?and during a heart attack, it can't get enough.?Fatty deposits, or plaques,?develop on the walls of our coronary arteries.?Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart.?These plaques grow as we age,?sometimes getting chunky,?hardened,?or enflamed.?Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages.?If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks,?a blood clot will form around it in minutes,?and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked.?Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle?and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes.?This is a myocardial infarction,?or heart attack.?Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment.?The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well,?and its rhythm might be thrown off.?In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death.?And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack??The most common symptom is chest pain?caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle.?Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like.?It can radiate to the left arm,?jaw,?back,?or abdomen.?But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies.?Some people experience nausea?or shortness of breath.?Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly.?For them, weakness and tiredness may be the main signal.?And surprisingly, in many people,?especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain,?a heart attack may be silent.?If you think that someone might be having a heart attack,?the most important thing is to respond quickly.?If you have access to emergency medical services, call them.?They're the fastest way to get to a hospital.?Taking aspirin, which thins the blood,?and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery,?can help keep the heart attack from getting worse.?In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack.?They commonly use an electrocardiogram?to measure the heart's electrical activity?and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage.?The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite?where tests are done to locate the blockages.?Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery?by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty.?Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent?that will hold the artery open.?More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery.?Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body,?heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage.?These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle,?restoring heart function.?Heart attack treatment is advancing,?but prevention is vital.?Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk.?And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle.?Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss?all lower the risk of heart attacks,?whether you've had one before or not.?Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week,?doing both aerobic activity and strength training.?A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats,?which are both linked to heart disease.?So what should you eat??Lots of fiber from vegetables,?chicken and fish instead of red meat,?whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds?all seem to be beneficial.?A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range,?which will lower your heart attack risk as well.?And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks.?Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example,?particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack?and for those known to be at high risk.?And drugs that help manage risk factors,?like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes,?will make heart attacks less likely, too.?Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable.?A healthy diet,?avoiding tobacco use,?staying fit,?and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter?all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle?keeps on beating.