【釋經(jīng)學(xué)40問(wèn)】問(wèn)題8:為什么釋經(jīng)很重要?(4)
有時(shí),我們聽(tīng)人說(shuō)圣經(jīng)是它自己最好的解釋者。這句話的意思是說(shuō),廣泛的經(jīng)文背景會(huì)幫助你正確理解任何一處經(jīng)文。比如,如果不了解《約翰一書(shū)》整卷書(shū),那么其中5:6-7就會(huì)顯得晦澀難懂。一旦知道這封書(shū)信廣義的語(yǔ)境,相信新約圣經(jīng)信息的統(tǒng)一性,再了解一下初期諾斯替主義的文化背景,我們就可以合理地下結(jié)論說(shuō),這節(jié)經(jīng)文是要確認(rèn)基督的神性和人性,這可以從他受洗(水)和死亡/復(fù)活(血)中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
5 τ?? ?στιν ? νικ?ν τ?ν κ?σμον ε? μ? ? πιστε?ων ?τι ?ησο?? ?στιν ? Υ??? το? Θεο?;
5:5 Who is it that overcomes the world? Only he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God.
5:5 勝過(guò)世界的是誰(shuí)呢.不是那信耶穌是 神兒子的么.
τ?? = who 誰(shuí)
?στιν = is 是
? νικ?ν = the winning 那勝過(guò)
τ?ν κ?σμον = the world 世界
ε? = if 如果
μ? = not 不是
? πιστε?ων = the believing 那信
?τι = that 那
?ησο?? = Jesus 耶穌
?στιν = is 是
? Υ??? = the Son 那子
το? Θεο? = of God 神的
6 ο?τ?? ?στιν ? ?λθ?ν δι' ?δατο? κα? α?ματο?, ?ησο?? Χριστ??· ο?κ ?ν τ? ?δατι μ?νον, ?λλ’ ?ν τ? ?δατι κα? ?ν τ? α?ματι· κα? τ? Πνε?μ? ?στιν τ? μαρτυρο?ν, ?τι τ? Πνε?μ? ?στιν ? ?λ?θεια.
5:6 This is the one who came by water and blood--Jesus Christ. He did not come by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth.
5:6 這借著水和血而來(lái)的就是耶穌基督.不是單用水、乃是用水又用血
5:7 并且有圣靈作見(jiàn)證、因?yàn)槭レ`就是真理。
ο?τ?? = this 這位
?στιν = is 是
? ?λθ?ν = the having come 那來(lái)的
δι' ?δατο? = by water 借著水
κα? α?ματο? = and blood 和血
?ησο?? Χριστ?? = Jesus Christ 耶穌基督
ο?κ = not 不
?ν τ? ?δατι = by the water 借著水
μ?νον = only 僅僅
?λλ' = but 而
?ν τ? ?δατι = by the water 借著水
κα? ?ν τ? α?ματι· = and by the blood 和借著血
κα? τ? Πνε?μ? = and the Spirit 而圣靈
?στιν τ? μαρτυρο?ν = is the one who testifies 是那作見(jiàn)證的
?τι = that 那
τ? Πνε?μ? = the Spirit 圣靈
?στιν = is 是
? ?λ?θεια = the truth 真理
正確理解作者原意,也是我們今天正確應(yīng)用經(jīng)文的基礎(chǔ)。
箴22:28,地界是古代劃定死人財(cái)產(chǎn)界限的標(biāo)志,這節(jié)經(jīng)文是指禁止不誠(chéng)實(shí)獲取鄰居土地的行為。若更廣泛地應(yīng)用,這節(jié)經(jīng)文是指神對(duì)任何暗中偷竊行為的不悅——不論是挪移一塊古代的石頭,還是參與電子郵件網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐,或者任何其他的暗中行竊。我們必須從受文化影響的命令中提煉歸納出一般性原則。
??? ???-???????, ??????? ??????--? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????.
28 Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set.
22:28 你先祖所立的地界、你不可挪移。
???-??????? = [al-tasseg] you shall not remove 你不當(dāng)挪移
??????? = [gevul] landmark of ……的地界
?????? = [olam] eternity 永恒
?????? = [asher] which 那
?????? = [asu] they have set 他們?cè)O(shè)立
?????????? = [avotecha] your fathers 你的先祖
謹(jǐn)慎的解釋之所以重要,是因?yàn)槿怂嘈诺纳駥W(xué)前提經(jīng)常會(huì)影響解釋。比如說(shuō),一些解經(jīng)者有時(shí)堅(jiān)持比喻性的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該按字面意思解釋,盡管他們沒(méi)有任何站得住腳的理由去這樣做。通過(guò)謹(jǐn)慎的、符合圣經(jīng)的解釋,圣經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)者能夠逐漸意識(shí)到別人的偏見(jiàn),也能夠漸漸承認(rèn)和評(píng)估自己的釋經(jīng)偏好。