2023年上半年四六級漢譯英練習：光伏發(fā)電
練習背景：中國光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展，以及光伏發(fā)電技術是實現(xiàn)碳中和的重要途徑之一。
練習目的：了解更多有關光伏發(fā)電技術的相關英文表達。
其他相關國家重要技術類翻譯
光伏發(fā)電：photovoltaic power generation technology
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光伏發(fā)電是利用半導體界面（界面：interface）的光生伏特效應(photovoltaic effect)而將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿囊环N技術，其關鍵元件是太陽能電池。①由于陽光普照大地②，光伏發(fā)電最突出的優(yōu)點之一是很少受地域限制③；此外，光伏系統(tǒng)還具有安全可靠、無噪聲、低污染、無需消耗燃料和架設輸電線路即可就地發(fā)電供電④及建設周期短的優(yōu)點。光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)品主要用于三大方面：一是為無電場合提供電源；二是太陽能日用電子產(chǎn)品；三是并網(wǎng)發(fā)電(Grid-connected power generation)——這是在發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)大面積推廣實施了。中國廣闊的土地上，太陽能資源非常豐富，理論儲量達每年17000億噸標準煤。中國光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)于20世紀70年代起步，90年代中期進入穩(wěn)步發(fā)展時期⑤，經(jīng)過30多年的努力，已迎來了快速發(fā)展的新階段。
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簡析：
1-? “其關鍵元件是太陽能電池（solar battery）”
這句是第一段的分句，屬于其附屬部分?？梢詫⑵洳捎梅窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句作為前置插入進行表達。即“光伏發(fā)電【的關鍵元件是太陽能電池】是利用半導體界面（界面：interface）的光生伏特效應(photovoltaic effect)而將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿囊环N技術”，這里“是……一種技術”可以使用be動詞，也可以使用refer to。
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“是利用半導體界面（界面：interface）的光生伏特效應(photovoltaic effect)而將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿囊环N技術”
這句的定語比較長：是一種技術
定語：利用半導體界面（界面：interface）的光生伏特效應(photovoltaic effect)而將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔艿?/p>
這里可以將定語分為兩部分進行翻譯?！巴ㄟ^……而將”屬于方式途徑，屬于狀語。
所以這里翻譯出來的結構如下:
光伏發(fā)電【主語】 - （它的關鍵元件是太陽能電池）【插入定語從句】 - 是一種將光能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的技術【系動詞表語】（通過半導體界面上的光生伏特效應）【方式狀語】
Photovoltaic power generation, whose core components are solar batteries (whose = the … of which物 / whom人), refers to the energy-conversion technology direct from light to electricity (through photovoltaic effects at the semiconductor interface)
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新詞匯：半導體：semiconductors
擴充詞匯：節(jié)能燈：fluorescent light (bulb) / lamp
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2-? 陽光普照大地：sun shines all over the earth
這里“大地”到底用哪種，這里“大地”不是特指某個國家，也不是專指某一片地區(qū)，所以用earth表達大地是相對接近的。
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3-? “光伏發(fā)電最突出的優(yōu)點之一是很少受地域限制”- 如何結合上下文行文流暢？
陽光普照大地使得光伏發(fā)電很少受地域限制，這就是它最突出優(yōu)點之一。
所以這句的邏輯是：陽光普照大地 → 地理因素（地域、地理位置）對光伏發(fā)電的因素影響甚微 → 這是其最突出的優(yōu)勢之一。
As the sun shines all over the earth, geolocations have very little impact on photovoltaics, which is its one most prominent advantage.
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4-? 此外，光伏系統(tǒng)還具有安全可靠、無噪聲、低污染、無需消耗燃料和架設輸電線路即可就地發(fā)電供電及建設周期短的優(yōu)點。
這里的翻譯可以直接使用have，但是擁有強項的東西，多用boast替代have。
In addition, photovoltaic systems boast strong points including high reliability and safety, little noise emission, low pollution, on-site power generation and supply without the need for fuels and power-transfer infrastructures and short time for implementation /, which takes only a short time to be put in place. （建設周期短這里既可以認為是一個整合在第四個描述里，也可以單獨列出）
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另一種體現(xiàn)則是人們能夠從光伏系統(tǒng)上得到的優(yōu)勢包括……使用People are reaping the benefits from photovoltaic systems including their high reliability and safety, little noise emission, low pollution, on-site power generation and supply without the need for fuels and power-transfer infrastructures, which takes only a short time to be put in place.
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也可以使用另外一個單詞deployment，這個單詞表示“部署”，從開始到完成的整個過程。
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5-? “90年代中期進入穩(wěn)步發(fā)展時期”
這里建議使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，能夠體現(xiàn)這個流程是完整而持續(xù)的，并且會繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，體現(xiàn)著中國光伏發(fā)展的穩(wěn)健扎實前進。
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6-? 大國重器的翻譯：the pillars of a great power
支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)：pillar industries
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【參考譯文】
Photovoltaic power generation, the core components of which are solar batteries, refers to the energy conversion technology direct from light to electricity through photovoltaic effects at the semiconductor interface. As the sun shines all over the earth, geolocations have very little impact on photovoltaics, which is its one most prominent advantage. In addition, people are also reaping the benefits from photovoltaic systems including their high reliability and safety, zero noise emission, low pollution, on-site power generation and supply without the need for fuels and power-transfer infrastructures and short time for deployment. Photovoltaic products are utilized in three major fields: Power supply for places with no electricity, solar-powered daily appliances and grid-connected power generation, which developed countries have been widely invigorating and implementing. Solar energy is highly abundant on the vast territory of China, which theoretically equals 1.7 trillion tons of standard coal. China's photovoltaic industries started in the 1970s and have been progressing steadily since the mid-1990s. Today, photovoltaics in China have crossed into a new chapter of high-speed development after over 30 years' efforts.? ?
